<p>Name ______My test is on ______</p><p>Westward Expansion Test Study Guide No Answers (USII.1i, 2a, 4a)</p><p>The Great Plains was difficult to farm. What made it so difficult? (FLED)</p><p> F______</p><p> L______</p><p> E______</p><p> D______</p><p>Technological advances (inventions/adaptations) that aided settlement in the Great Plains included: </p><p> ______– used as a fence to protect the homestead</p><p> ______– used to break up uncultivated land to make it easier to grow crops</p><p> ______– seeds that were engineered to grow without much water; innovative technique that allowed for wheat to grow on the Great Plains</p><p> ______– houses made of grass and dirt; built because of the lack of trees and sod was the only building material available</p><p> ______– ranchers would raise cattle on their land; when the cattle were ready to go to market, cowboys would herd them to the railroad; most popular in Texas</p><p> ______– wheat was the best crop to grow on the Great Plains; does not require a great deal of water to grow</p><p> ______– due to low rainfall on the Great Plains, water was pumped to crops using wind power</p><p> ______– helped bring people from the East to settle the land in the West and also shipped goods back East for sale; as a result, the cattle ranching business experienced a period of growth in the Great Plains</p><p>Why did people go West? (LARGE)</p><p> Opportunities for ______ownership – was the main reason why people went west; in addition, the Homestead Act gave everyone an opportunity to settle land for a small amount of money  Technological advances, including the Transcontinental ______– includes all the inventions/adaptations of the Great Plains; the final spike in the railroad on May 10, 1869; the Transcontinental Railroad represented the linking of the East and the West (linked eastern and western states); a major benefit of the Transcontinental Railroad was supplies and mail moved more quickly and cheaply </p><p> Possibility of obtaining wealth, created by the discovery of ______and silver – minerals found all over the west, particularly California, New Mexico, Alaska; miners would create boom towns as a place for them to live while mining; once miners moved on, boom towns became ghost towns</p><p> Desire for ______– buffalo hunters, miners; people in the East wanted a change of life</p><p> Desire for a new beginning for former enslaved African Americans – former slaves wanting to escape the Jim Crow laws (segregation); called ______because of their journey to freedom</p><p>Impact of westward expansion on American Indians (did not benefit from westward expansion) included:</p><p> Opposition by American Indians to westward expansion</p><p> o Battle of ______– battle fought in the Black Hills of South Dakota; government wanted to protect land where miners were searching for gold; Lt. Colonel George Custer led his soldiers against the Lakota tribe, led by chief Sitting Bull; Custer underestimated the number of Lakota Indians present at Little Bighorn Valley; Lt. Colonel Custer and all his men died; huge victory for the American Indians </p><p> o ______– prominent leader of the Apache Indians in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas; fought in the Apache Wars, in which he tried to stop the US government from taking over Apache land; eventually surrendered to the US </p><p> Forced relocation from traditional lands to ______– US government wanted to free up more land for settlers to farm; reservations (land where the US government forced American Indians to move and assimilate)</p><p> o ______, Nez Percé tribe – famous quote: located in Pacific Northwest; Chief Joseph did not want to lead his people to a reservation so he tried to move to Canada; eventually surrendered and said the famous quote: “I am tired of fighting…From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more.”</p><p> Reduced population through warfare and ______o Battle of ______– took place in South Dakota; attack on the Sioux Indians; disheartened the American Indians in their fight to save their native land</p><p> ______attempts and lifestyle changes – assimilation (adapting or changing to the settlers’ way of life); reduction of ______population by the railroad</p><p> Reduced their homelands through______that were broken – government agencies, in a quest for land ownership, broke promises and treaties made with the American Indians</p><p>The famous painting, American Progress by John Gast, reflects the ideas and experiences of different groups on the Great Plains.</p><p>Essay: When painting this picture, the painter was attempting to communicate many ideas about westward expansion. Explain the impact of each of the following on the settling of the west: farmers (including inventions), railroads (including the Transcontinental Railroad) and American Indians.</p>