<p> Global Marking Period 3 Week 3 </p><p>The Industrial Revolution</p><p>Name: ______</p><p>Website: http://sljglobal.wikispaces.com/</p><p>Calendar and Agenda for Week 3 (subject to change): Day 9 Day 10 Day 11 Day 12 Over Break - Finish -Causes of the - Problems of the -Quiz on Unit 5, -Get together with your performing Industrial Industrial Section 5 – Causes group and finish Political Revolution Revolution & Effects of Ind PSAs/Commercials Speeches - Inventions of the - Start Rev up to - Intro to Marx Industrial PSAs/Commercials “Competing and Smith Revolution about Ind. Rev. Philosophies” - Grade projects</p><p>Homework: - The Project on the Rise of the West is due Thursday, December 22 in class. No late projects! No excuses! - Study guide due day 12 - Be ready to perform your Public Service Announcement / Commercial about the Industrial Revolution the day we come back from break!!!</p><p>ADAM SMITH 1723-1790</p><p>Adam Smith was born in Scotland in 1723. He was a writer during the Enlightenment. His book: The Wealth of Nations, wanted to reveal the nature and cause of a nation’s prosperity. Smith saw the main cause of prosperity as increasing division of labor. Using the famous example of pins, Smith said that ten workers could produce 48,000 pins per day if tasks were divided up between particular workers. But absent the division of labor, a worker would be lucky to produce even one pin per day.</p><p>Today Smith’s reputation rests on his explanation of how rational self- interest in a free-market economy leads to economic well-being. Someone earning money by his own labor benefits himself. Unknowingly, he also benefits society, because to earn income on his labor in a competitive market, he must produce something others value. </p><p>Wage rates would be higher, he argued, for trades that were more difficult to learn, because people would not be willing to learn them if they were not compensated by a higher wage. His thought gave rise to the modern notion of Human Capital. In short, differences in work were compensated by differences in pay. These differences would be set by an “invisible hand” based on the demand for the goods/services being produced. Smith believed that the “invisible hand” would set the fairest price, in the best interest of everyone. Because it would work in the best interests of society, the invisible hand should be left alone by the government, which has been named “laissez faire” meaning “hands off.”</p><p>Adam Smith believed that government had an important role to play. Like most modern believers in free markets, Smith believed that the government should enforce contracts and grant patents and copyrights to encourage inventions and new ideas. He also thought that the government should provide public works, such as roads and bridges, that, he assumed, would not be worthwhile for individuals to provide. Interestingly, though, he wanted the users of such public works to pay in proportion to their use.</p><p>(Adapted from the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics)</p><p>Karl Marx 1818-1883</p><p>Karl Marx was born in Germany in 1818, and wrote several books about the problems of industrialization and capitalism, including The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifest describes how capitalism oppresses the workers and that the workers need to unite to create a new economic system: “Workers of the world, unite!” </p><p>Marx describes the history of the world as a “history of class struggles” between the people who owned factories and capital (bourgeoisie) and the workers (proletariat). According to Marx, Capitalism contained the seeds of its own destruction. Communism was the inevitable end to the process of economic development begun with feudalism and passing through capitalism and Socialism. As wealth became more concentrated in the hands of a few capitalists, he thought, the ranks of an increasingly dissatisfied proletariat would swell, leading to bloody revolution and eventually a classless society. In a communist society, the government would control the means of production (as opposed to individuals) and set prices. In theory, because the government would set prices and wages, it would prevent a few individuals from becoming exceedingly wealthy while others become very poor. </p><p>(Adapted from the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics)</p><p>Adam Smith | Karl Marx </p><p>Rise of the West Turning Point: The Industrial Revolution We will be spending the next 3 weeks exploring the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution. You will be learning about how nations industrialized and what new technology, benefits and problems emerged as a result of these economic and technological changes. </p><p>Assessments This week and over break you will be asked to create a Public Service Announcement or Commercial that addresses a specific problem or benefit created by the Industrial Revolution. This PSA will be videotaped.</p><p>Your final assessment will be a position paper that argues for the ideas of either Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations or Karl Marx and Fredriech Engels’ The Communist Manifesto . As we explore the content in the next few days, think about whose ideas make more sense for society and why. CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Document 1</p><p>Document 2 . . .England, however, has grown great in both respects. She is both a great colonial power and a great industrial power. And she has been fortunate in possessing the natural conditions necessary to success. For industry and commerce, no less than the command of the seas, are limited by natural conditions. Modern manufactures cluster round coal-fields, where power can be had cheaply; the possession of good harbours is essential to maritime (sea) trade; a country where broad and gently-flowing rivers act as natural canals will have advantages in internal communications over a country broken up by mountain ranges. . . . When we recognize that England is rich in these advantages, that she has coal and iron lying close together, that her sheep give the best wool, that her harbours are plentiful, that she is not ill-off for rivers, and that no part of the country is farther than some seventy miles from the sea, we have not said all. . . . Source: George T. Warner, Landmarks in English Industrial History, Blackie & Son Limited</p><p>Document 3: The Enclosure Movement in England INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION VOCAB</p><p>TERM DEFINITION SIGNIFICANCE (Why is this term important/why does it matter?) Agrarian Revolution A change in farming methods that allowed for a greater production of food. This revolution was fueled by the use of new farming technology such as the seed drill and improved fertilizers. </p><p>Capital Money that is used for investment.</p><p>Capitalism An economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods. Also promotes a free market regulated by supply and demand.</p><p>Communism A system of government in which one, totalitarian, party holds power. The state controls the economy, and restricts personal freedoms. It was first proposed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The Communist Manifesto.</p><p>Enclosure Movement During the Industrial Revolution, it was the consolidation of many small farms into one large farm, which caused many people to lose their homes.</p><p>Factors of production The resources used to produce goods. Usually these are: land, capital and labor. This idea was outlined by Adam Smith in his book The Wealth of Nations. </p><p>Industrialization The process in which a pre-industrial society becomes an industrial one. Laissez-faire This was an economic philosophy begun by Adam Smith in his book, Wealth of Nations , that stated that business and the economy would run best with no interference from the government. This economic system dominated most of the Industrial Revolution. Manufacture The use of machines, tools or labor to make a product. </p><p>Mass production The manufacturing of products on a large scale, usually through the use of machines.</p><p>Mercantilism The policy of building a nation's wealth by exporting more goods than it imports. Colonies supply their parent nations with raw materials that are used to produce finished goods, and then exported back to the colonies. Colonies also serve as a market for the parent country. Modernization To change something to make it conform to modern standards.</p><p>Proletariat Term given to the working class people in society.</p><p>Put out system Manufacturing system where work was distributed and retrieved from individuals in their homes.</p><p>Socialism A political system where the means of production are controlled by the workers and all things are shared evenly. Socialist policies provide for government funding of many basic needs such as food, shelter, and medical care. Spinning jenny A device used to make thread. Steam Engine An engine that uses boiling water to produce mechanical motions. </p><p>Textiles Materials made by interlacing fibers: for example through weaving or knitting. </p><p>Urbanization The movement of people to urban areas in search of work.</p><p>Water frame A spinning machine that produced strong thread, powered by a water wheel.</p><p>Working class Lowest class in most social class systems, including factory workers, miners, and others. Global Assessment: Public Service Announcements and Commercials When you come back from break you will be presenting and filming Public Service Announcements or Commercials about some of the major benefits and problems that emerged during the Industrial Revolution. You can use textbook pages 717-728 and the internet to read more about your issue.</p><p>What is a Public Service Announcement (PSA)? PSA’s are usually 30 second-1 minute announcements (like commercials) that are done to raise awareness about a social issue. PSA’s give the audience an overview of the issue—this can include statistics, quotes, graphs, and other hard data that helps clarify what the problem is for the audience. Additionally, a good PSA also gives the audience a possible next step that will help to address the issue. This next step can be the passage of a law, making a donation to an organization, writing a letter to a representative, or specific individual steps people can take to help in their daily lives. </p><p>What is a commercial? A commercial is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, ideas, or services. It includes the name of a product or service and how that product or service could benefit the consumer, to persuade a target market to purchase or to use that particular brand.</p><p>What can your PSA/Commercial be about? You will be creating a PSA/commercial in a group of 2. Your PSA/commercial should address one of the major issues that emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution. You need to decide whether the issue warrants advertising or a message to the community. Here are the topics:</p><p> Pollution (PSA)  Urban Poverty (PSA)  Working conditions (PSA)  Child labor (PSA)  Sanitation/health issues (PSA)  Education (PSA)  Overcrowding (PSA)  The Factory System (Commercial)  Interchangeable parts (Commercial)  The Steam Engine (Commercial)  Railways (Commercial)  New Textile Production techniques (Commercial)  Telegraph (Commercial)  Consumer goods (Commercial)</p><p>What does your PSA/Commercial need to include? You need to include the following things to make your PSA/Commercial strong:  An explanation of your social issue/idea or product  Specific data that shows why your issue is important  A solution or a next step to address this issue that is clear to your audience and is logical! Or a sales pitch about the benefits of this idea or product.  Emotional appeal—make your audience care about your issue!  Every member of your group must participate in the PSA/Commercial!  Be creative!!! You are encouraged to use props!!!</p>