<p> Name ______Hr. ______Guided Reading: Chapter 31 Sec 2 The Global Conflict: The Axis Advances ************************************************</p><p>World War II, the costliest war in history, lasted ______. It pitted the Axis powers, namely ______, ______, and ______, against the Allied powers, which would include ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______other nations.</p><p>Early Axis Gains ______is the German name for “lightning war”. Hitler invaded Poland on ______. Germany attacked from the ______and the Soviet Union attacked from the ______, grabbing lands promised to them under the ______. In the winter, Stalin’s armies pushed into ______, ______, ______, and part of ______. The first winter of the war was quiet for the French and was referred to as the “______”. The attack came in April and by May, German forces were ______. Britain narrowly escaped at ______. They would “live to fight another day”. France fell quickly and surrendered on ______. Where did the French have to surrender? ______Why was that location significant? ______Germany occupied the north of France and set up a “______” in the southern city of ______. ______and other French officers were able to escape to England. In September of 1940, Mussolini pushed forces from ______into ______. Hitler ordered his brilliant commander ______. He was nicknamed, “______”. British troops were pushed as far back as ______. In 1941, Greece and Yugoslavia fell under Axis control because of attacking forces from ______and were reinforced by ______. Meanwhile, both ______and ______had joined the Axis alliance. The German air force was called the “______”. ______created a war machine with more ______power. ______and ______were developed to detect planes and submarines.</p><p>The Battle of Britain and the Blitz By June of 1940 ______had replaced ______as prime minister of Britain. He had suspected Nazi aggression for years before the war. Hitler ordered his generals to proceed with “______”, the name for the invasion of Britain. About one month into the battle, the Luftwaffe changed its bombing targets from ______to ______. The bombing lasted for ______, most of ______was destroyed, and ______people lost their lives. Hitler falsely thought he had Britain on the ropes and turned his attention to ______. This turned out to be one of Hitler’s ______.</p><p>Operation Barbarossa “Operation Barbarossa” was the nickname for Germany’s invasion plans of ______. The plan was named after the ______Frederick Barbarossa, the medieval Germanic leader who had won great victories in the East. Hitler longed for the “______with their incalculable stores of treasures in raw materials, Siberia with its ______, and the Ukraine with its ______.” On a personal level, he wanted to defeat his rival, ______. The Soviets lost ______soldiers while trying to hold back the three million German troops that were flooding in from the west. Nature was the force that stopped the German advance. Temperatures dropped as low as ______and thousands of German soldiers froze to death. In late 1941, the city of ______went under a two-and-a-half-year siege. People in the city struggled for food and more than ______Leningraders died during the siege. Churchill and Stalin agreed they would need to work together to defeat the Germans. The irony is that Britain and the U.S. helped fortify Germany during the 1930’s to help stop the spread of Communism.</p><p>American Involvement Grows Initially, the United States claimed ______. By 1941 FDR persuaded congress to pass the ______. It stated the US could send ______. The idea was that the U.S. would become the “______”. In August, Churchill and FDR met and set goals for the war in a pact that is called the ______.</p><p>Japan Attacks From the late 1930’s, Japan had been trying to conquer ______. Japan joined the Axis because they saw an opportunity to expand their lands in ______. After the Japanese advanced into French Indochina, the U.S. banned the sale of ______to Japan. ______ordered an attack in response to American interference. The attack came on ______at ______. The U.S. declared war on Japan on ______. Italy and Germany declared war on the U.S. on ______. Japan’s campaign for Southeast Asia began with extreme success. By 1942, their empire stretched from ______to the ______. This would be the high point of the Axis’ advances in both the European and Pacific theaters. </p>