<p> MINERALS</p><p>I MINERALS ARE MADE UP OF SINGLE ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS</p><p>A) ELEMENTS- A SUBSTANCE THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN TO ANY SIMPLER SUBSTANCE; MADE UP OF ATOMS</p><p>B) EIGHT MOST COMMON ELEMENTS IN THE EARTH’S CRUST:</p><p>1) O 5) CA</p><p>2) SI 6) NA</p><p>3) AL 7) K</p><p>4) FE 8) MG</p><p>C) ATOM- SMALLEST PART OF AN ELEMENT; HAS ALL THE PROPERTIES THE ELEMENT HAS BUT CANNOT BE SEEN WITH TOOLS</p><p>II A MINERAL IS:</p><p>A) NATURALLY OCCURRING</p><p>B) DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION</p><p>C) INORGANIC SOLID</p><p>D) CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE</p><p>E) DEFINITE SET OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES</p><p>III FAMILIES OF MINERALS A) MINERALS COMPOSED OF SINGLE ELEMENTS ARE CALLED NATIVE MINERALS.</p><p> AU = GOLD</p><p> SILVER = AG</p><p> COPPER = CU</p><p> SULFUR = S</p><p> GRAPHITE OR DIAMOND = C</p><p>B) MOST MINERALS ARE COMPOSED OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS</p><p> HALITE- NACL</p><p> QUARTZ- SiO</p><p>C) SILICATES</p><p>1) OXYGEN AND SILICON COMBINE READILY WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH OTHER ELEMENTS TO FORM THIS FAMILY OF MINERALS</p><p>2) MOST COMMON FAMILY OF MINERALS AND MAKE UP OVER 90% OF ALL MINERALS</p><p>3) THIS IS BECAUSE OXYGEN AND SILICON ARE THE MOST COMMON ELEMENTS IN THE EARTH’S CRUST</p><p>III PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS</p><p>A) COLOR- LEAST USEFUL PROPERTY, CHANGE IN THE CHEMICAL FORMULA WILL VARY THE COLOR OF THE MINERAL. (QUARTZ)</p><p>B) LUSTER- </p><p>1) METALLIC- LOOKS LIKE METAL IN THE WAY THE MINERAL REFLECTS LIGHT (GALENA OR PYRITE)</p><p>2) NON-METALLIC- DOES NOT LOOK LIKE POLISHED METAL, SO OTHER TERMS ARE USED VITREOUS- SHINY, GLASSLIKE (QUARTZ)</p><p>PEARLY- LOOKS LIKE PEARLS WHEN LIGHT IS REFLECTED OFF THE MINERALS SURFACE (OPAL, GARNET)</p><p>WAXY- DULL SHINE LIKE CANDLE WAX (SULFUR, OLIVINE)</p><p>EARTHY- NO SHINE AT ALL (BAUXITE)</p><p>ADAMANTINE- BRILLIANT GLOW, BEAM OF LIGHT AT A CERTAIN ANGLE (DIAMOND)</p><p>C) STREAK- THE COLOR OF A MINERALS POWDER</p><p>1) RUB THE MINERAL AGAINST A STREAK PLATE AND OBSERVE THE POWDER’S COLOR</p><p>D) BREAKAGE PATTERN</p><p>1) CLEAVAGE- TENDENCY OF A MINERAL TO SEPARATE ALONG PLANES OF WEAKNESS  ONE PLANE OF WEAKNESS = BASAL (MICA)</p><p> TWO PLANES OF CLEAVAGE AT 90* (ORTHOCLASE)</p><p> THREE PLANES OF WEAKNESS AT 90* = CUBIC (HALITE)</p><p> THREE PLANES NOT AT 90* = RHOMBOHEDRAL (CALCITE)</p><p>2) FRACTURE- NO PLANES OF WEAKNESS SO THE MINERAL BREAKS ALONG IRREGULAR SURFACES</p><p> CONCHOIDAL- SURFACES ARE SOMEWHAT ROUNDED, SHELL-LIKE (QUARTZ)</p><p> UNEVEN- ROUGH SURFACE, NO DISTINGUISHABLE PATTERN</p><p> FIBROUS- JAGGED SURFACE LIKE FIBERS (ASBESTOS)</p><p>D) HARDNESS- RESISTANCE TO BE SCRATCHED; IS VERY USEFUL SINCE A MINERAL’S HARDNESS IS CONSTANT 1) FRIEDRICH MOH DEVELOPED A SCALE FINGERNAIL IS A 2.5 </p><p>STEEL NAIL IS A 5.0</p><p>GLASS IS A 5.5 IV SPECIAL PROPERTIES</p><p>A) MAGNETIC- THE ABILITY TO ATTRACT A MAGNET (MAGNETITE)</p><p>B) EFFERVESCENCE- adding HCl to a mineral may cause it to fizz. (Calcite)</p><p>C) TASTE- HALITE TASTES SALTY</p><p>C) ODOR- SOMETIMES THE POWDER OF A MINERAL HAS A CERTAIN ODOR (SULFUR SMELLS LIKE ROTTEN EGGS)</p><p>D) MAGNETISM- MAGNET IS ATTRACTED TO MINERAL (MAGNETITE)</p><p>E) Fluorescence- ability to glow under aN ULTRAVIOLET light (Sphalerite)</p><p>F) DOUBLE REFRACTION- SPLITS LIGHT RAYS (CALCITE)</p><p>G) SPECIFIC GRAVITY (DENSITY)- SOME MINERALS HAVE ATOMS VERY TIGHTLY PACKED, AND FEEL HEAVIER BECAUSE THEY ARE MORE DENSE (GALENA)</p><p>NAME______DATE______</p><p>MINERALS QUIZ</p><p>WHAT IS MATTER? (7) WHAT IS IT COMPOSED OF? (3) NAME THE THREE COMPONENTS OF AN ATOM AND WHERE THEY ARE FOUND. (6),(4)</p><p>LABEL THE DRAWING AND DEFINE EACH. (4),(6)</p><p>CAN ATOMS HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS BUT A DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NUETRONS? IF SO WHY? (4),(6) 5) WHAT IS A MINERAL? (10)</p><p>MOST MINERALS FORM OUT OF MAGMA. WHAT DETERMINES THESE MINERALS CRYSTAL SIZE AND HOW? (5),(5)</p><p>WHAT ARE THE SIX CRYSTAL SYSTEMS? (10)</p><p>A) WHAT IS THE LEAST USEFUL PROPERTY FOR IDENTIFYING MINERALS? (2) B) WHAT IS STREAK? (4)</p><p>NAME FOUR KINDS OF LUSTER? (4)</p><p>DESCRIBE CLEAVAGE AND NAME ONE MINERAL THAT HAS CLEAVAGE? (8),(2)</p><p>FILL IN MOH’S SCALE OF HARDNESS FROM SOFTEST TO HARDEST.</p><p>1)______(1)</p><p>2)______(1)</p><p>3)______(1)</p><p>4)______(1)</p><p>5)______(1)</p><p>6)______(1)</p><p>7)______(1)</p><p>8)______(1)</p><p>9)______(1)</p><p>10)______(1) </p>