<p>Jim's Biology Final Exam Review</p><p> a. Soybeans are a globally important crop because 45 percent of this legume is protein. b. Living things require energy to carry on life processes, have the ability to reproduce, and are composed of cells. c. Sponges obtain food by filtering small organisms from the water. d. Pollutants produced by the burning of coal and other fossil fuels include carbon dioxide. e. The process by which organisms make more of their own kind is called reproduction. f. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a codon. g. Change in world population during the 1900s were due to better sanitation, agricultural improvements, and improved health care. h. The energy that drives metabolism in animals comes from food. i. Monkeys have tails, but apes do not. j. A scientific theory may be revised as new evidence is presented. k. The seed coat protects the seed from drying out. l. From smallest to largest, the body is organized as follows: cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism. m. Acid rain has a low pH, may contain sulfuric acid, and may fall in the form of snow.</p><p> n. P: F1 : F2 is analogous to Grandparent : Parent : Grandchild o. Jet propulsion in an octopus or squid is the result of forcefully squeezing water from the siphon. p. A planned procedure to test a hypothesis is called an experiment. q. Cloning is a process by which many identical cells may be produced. r. A hypothesis is a testable possible explanation of an observation. s. Animals that feed on plants are primary consumers (the first trophic level). t. All living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment through homeostasis. u. Genetic engineers are transplanting genes into plants to create crops that are more resistant to insects. v. As populations continue to grow, the demand for food will strain our ability to feed all people. w. Many autotrophs obtain the energy they need for metabolism through photosynthesis. x. Energy flows as follows: sunplantsplant eatermeat eater y. The expected genotypic ratio resulting from a heterozygous  heterozygous monohybrid cross is 1:2:1. z. The expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a heterozygous  heterozygous monohybrid cross is 3:1. aa. All living organisms are composed of cells. bb. A group of genetically similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring is called a species. cc. Cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy are examples of genetic disorders. dd. The first member of the genus Homo was Homo habilis. ee. Cell membranes are thin coverings that surround cells, made of a phospholipid bilayer. ff. Moss spores, like all gametes, are haploid. gg. In most bony fishes, external fertilization takes place. hh. The variable that is measured in an experiment is the dependent variable. ii. Tadpoles reproduce on land but otherwise live in water until their wings develop. jj. Molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by exocytosis.</p>