<p>Vocabulario de capítulo 1- 1 grammar 9-19-14 Create a study guide for these notes by Tuesday, September 23rd.</p><p>1. In English, sentences have a subject and a verb.</p><p>The subject is the person or thing that is being described or is doing something. The verb is the action word like run or sing , or a word like am , is , or are that links the subject to a description.</p><p>2. In Spanish, sentences also have a subject and a verb.</p><p>3. Both English and Spanish use nouns as subjects. Nouns can be replaced with pronouns . Some examples of Spanish pronouns you have seen are: yo, tú, usted, él, and ella.</p><p>4. English sentences always have a subject or a subject pronoun. But in Spanish the subject or the subject pronoun can be left out if everyone knows who you’re talking about.</p><p>Subject pronouns: </p><p>1. Yo- I 6. Nosotros- We (masculine) 7. Nosotras- We (feminine)</p><p>2. Tú- you (friendly) 8. Vosotros- You plural (friendly-m)in Spain 9. Vosotras- You plural (friendly-f)in Spain</p><p>3. Usted- You (respectfully) 10. Ustedes-You pl. (respectfully-in Spain) You plural (friendly and respectfully in any other country)</p><p>4. Él- He 10. Ellos- They (m) 5. Ella- She 11. Ellas- They (f)</p><p>Family members, friends, and teachers may add an ending such as -ito or -ita to a person’s name to show affection. Rosa becomes Rosita, Teresa, Teresita, Juan becomes Juanito, and Miguel becomes Miguelito. There are nicknames, apodos, associated with names that may be an abbreviation or part of a name. For example, Pilar, a very common girl’s name in Spain, becomes Pili, and Santiago, a boy’s name, becomes Santi. Do we have similar nicknames in English? </p><p>Students in Spanish-speaking countries address teachers in several ways. Women may be called by their title and first name (señorita Rosa) or by title and last name (señorita García). If the teacher is older, she may be addressed as doña with her first name, such as doña Josefina. Men may be addressed as don Pablo (title and first name) or señor Gómez (title and last name). Compare this to the way you address your teachers. </p>