<p>Name: ______D. cerebellum; cortex Date: ______E. parasympathetic nervous system; AP Psychology Midterm Review Practice sympathetic nervous system Write the Unit each question is from then answer. 5. Foolish conformity to peer pressure is most likely to be motivated by ______needs. 1. When an eyewitness to an auto accident is A. safety asked to describe what happened, which test B. belongingness of memory is being used? C. incentive A. reconstruction D. self-actualization B. recognition E. set point C. rehearsal D. recall 6. Why is Wilhelm Wundt often considered the first scientific psychological E. relearning researcher? 2. Motivation is defined by psychologists as A. His scientific philosophy was carefully A. an impulse to accomplish something of built on Descartes' idea about mind- significance. body dualism. B. rigidly patterned behavior characteristic B. He gathered data through experiments of all people. in his lab. C. a need or desire that energizes and C. He treated patients with mental directs behavior toward a goal. illnesses using a medical model for the D. the cause of behavior. first time. E. an external reward or goal that pushes a D. His attention to genetic causes was person toward accomplishments. ahead of his time. E. He analyzed data from his studies using 3. In 1953, H.M. underwent surgery to control inferential statistics. his seizures. Doctors removed tissue from the hippocampus. As a result H.M.'s 7. Sexually active unmarried teens are more memory was severely impaired. likely to use contraceptives if they Psychologists studied H.M.'s memory A. underestimate their peers' sexual function until his death in 2008. Which activity. research method did the psychologists B. do not want to appear to be sexually utilize in this situation? promiscuous. A. naturalistic observation C. are in an exclusive sexual relationship B. correlation involving open communication. C. survey D. have been extensively exposed to TV D. experimentation shows in which unmarried people are E. case study having sex. E. previously made written commitments 4. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, to remain celibate until marriage. body arousal is related to the subjective awareness of emotion in the same way as 8. Cognitive psychologists are most directly the ______is related to the ______. concerned with the study of A. parasympathetic nervous system; A. emotion. thalamus B. genetics. B. sympathetic nervous system; cortex C. the unconscious. C. thalamus; hypothalamus D. brain chemistry. E. thinking. A. the representativeness heuristic. B. belief perseverance. 9. Retroactive interference involves the disruption of C. the availability heuristic. A. automatic processing. D. the framing effect. B. iconic memory. E. insight. C. memory retrieval. 15. Any stimulus that, when presented after a D. semantic encoding. response, strengthens the response is E. echoic memory. called a(n) A. conditioned stimulus. 10. Molecular behavior geneticists seek links B. unconditioned stimulus. between ______and specific disorders. C. positive reinforcer. A. chromosomes D. negative reinforcer. B. proteins E. positive punishment. C. genes 16. The biopsychosocial approach provides an D. environment understanding of social-cultural influences E. behavior integrated within the larger framework of A. functionalism. 11. Split-brain patients have had their B. introspection. ______surgically cut. A. hippocampus C. humanistic psychology. B. limbic system D. multiple levels of analysis. C. corpus callosum E. structuralism. D. sensory cortex 17. Someone trying to figure out an optical E. reticular formation illusion is probably experiencing increased brain waves and bloodflow to which brain 12. Rochelle is extremely thin but is structure? convinced that she is too fat. Rochelle's A. left hemisphere certainty is best explained by which of the B. thalamus following concepts? A. framing C. reticular formation B. availability heuristic D. right hemisphere C. belief perseverance E. medulla D. overconfidence 18. The term catharsis refers to emotional E. representativeness heuristic A. disturbance. B. inhibition. 13. Which psychological perspective most directly addresses questions about the C. release. relative influences of nature and nurture? D. adaptation. A. behavioral perspective E. stress. B. humanistic perspective 19. What is the danger of labeling behaviors C. psychopharmacology such as too much eating, shopping, D. cognitive perspective exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions? E. biopsychosocial perspective A. It can lead to increased feelings of shame and guilt. 14. The sudden comprehension of the double B. No physical or emotional pain is meaning of a humorous pun best illustrates associated with these behaviors. B. emotionally reactive and intense. C. Abusers may be more likely to hide C. interested in recreational sex. their abuse and avoid seeking help. D. mature and affluent. D. Abusers are more likely to experience E. extraverted and dependent. prejudice and discrimination. E. It can be used as an “all-purpose” 24. At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less excuse to explain away the behaviors. than 4 feet tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a 20. As a psychologist employed by a medical growth hormone produced by the school, Dr. McNerney specializes in A. pancreas. research on the causes of stress and on the B. thyroid. effectiveness of various techniques for C. adrenal gland. coping with stress. Dr. McNerney is most D. pituitary gland. likely a(n) ______psychologist. E. myelin. A. educational B. behavioral 25. The World Health Organization identifies C. forensic obesity as a high D. health A. basal metabolic rate. E. humanistic B. body mass index. C. set point. 21. The process by which we select, organize, D. unit bias. and interpret sensory information in order E. glucose level. to recognize meaningful objects and events is called 26. Research suggests that an important factor A. sensory adaptation. contributing to drug abuse by youth and B. parallel processing. young adults is C. sensation. A. having a parent who suffers from D. perception. narcolepsy. E. accommodation. B. feeling that one's life is meaningless. C. abnormally high levels of the brain 22. Which of the following describes evidence chemical NPY. for the brain's dual-processing ability? D. sleep apnea. A. The right occipital lobe perceives E. disturbing latent content in dreams. stimuli from our left visual field. B. The corpus callosum allows impulses 27. As drug users experience neuroadaptation, to travel between the two hemispheres. they demonstrate signs of C. The brainstem keeps our heart beating A. dissociation. while the cerebral cortex maintains B. narcolepsy. awareness of the outside world. C. tolerance. D. The amygdala shares responsibility for D. hallucinations. some basic emotions with the E. NREM. hypothalamus and endocrine system. E. The cerebral cortex is divided into two 28. Deep sleep appears to play an important sets of lobes on each hemisphere. role in A. narcolepsy. 23. Women are most likely to be sexually B. sleep apnea. attracted to men who seem C. paradoxical sleep. A. shy and reserved. D. posthypnotic amnesia. this case, the telephone number was E. physical growth. clearly stored in his ______memory. A. echoic 29. If a genetic predisposition to fear darkness B. short-term contributes to reproductive success, that C. flashbulb trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates D. long-term A. mutation. E. implicit B. psychopathology. 33. In a well-known experiment, preschool C. behavior genetics. children pounded and kicked a large D. environment. inflated Bobo doll that an adult had just E. natural selection. beaten on. This experiment served to illustrate the importance of 30. In trying to solve a potentially complicated A. negative reinforcement. problem quickly, we are most likely to B. operant conditioning. rely on C. respondent behavior. A. prototypes. D. observational learning. B. heuristics. E. spontaneous recovery. C. phonemes. D. algorithms. 34. A correlation coefficient is a measure of E. framing. the A. difference between the highest and 31. Which of the following is true of negative lowest scores in a distribution. reinforcement and punishment? B. average squared deviation of scores A. Negative reinforcers increase the rate from a sample mean. of operant responding; punishments C. direction and strength of the decrease the rate of operant relationship between two variables. responding. D. statistical significance of a difference B. Negative reinforcers decrease the rate between two sample means. of operant responding; punishments increase the rate of operant E. frequency of scores at each level of responding. some measure. C. Negative reinforcers decrease the rate 35. Endocrine glands secrete hormones of operant responding; punishments directly into decrease the rate of operant A. synaptic gaps. responding. B. the bloodstream. D. Negative reinforcers have no effect on C. dendrites. the rate of operant responding; D. sensory neurons. punishments decrease the rate of E. interneurons. operant responding. E. Negative reinforcers decrease the rate 36. Giving half the members of a group some of operant responding; punishments purported psychological finding and the have no effect on the rate of operant other half an opposite result is an easy way responding. to demonstrate the impact of A. overconfidence. 32. After looking up his friend's phone B. illusory correlation. number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In C. the hindsight bias. D. random sampling. object is most easily explained by E. the double-blind procedure. A. the opponent-process theory. B. the gate-control theory. 37. The statement, “The haystack was C. place theory. important because the cloth ripped,” becomes easier to understand and recall D. the Young-Helmholtz theory. when you are given the following prompt: E. frequency theory. “A parachutist.” This best illustrates the 42. Astrid was emotionally aroused by a TV influence of horror movie. She became extremely A. visual encoding. angry when her younger brother B. parallel processing. momentarily blocked her view of the C. sensory memory. screen. When her movie viewing was D. semantic encoding. interrupted by a phone call from her E. mnemonic devices. boyfriend, however, she experienced unusually intense romantic feelings. 38. In a distribution of test scores, which Astrid's different emotional reactions to measure of central tendency would likely her brother and her boyfriend are best be the most affected by a couple of explained by the extremely high scores? A. catharsis hypothesis. A. median B. James-Lange theory. B. range C. adaptation-level principle. C. mode D. two-factor theory. D. standard deviation E. Cannon-Bard theory. E. mean</p><p>39. Long after being bitten by a stray dog, 43. Kinesthesis refers to the Alonzo found that his fear of dogs seemed A. quivering eye movements that enable to have disappeared. To his surprise, the retina to detect continuous however, when he was recently confronted stimulation. by a stray dog, he experienced a sudden B. process by which stimulus energies are twinge of anxiety. This sudden anxiety changed into neural signals. best illustrates C. diminished sensitivity to an A. delayed reinforcement. unchanging stimulus. B. latent learning. D. system for sensing the position and C. spontaneous recovery. movement of individual body parts. D. shaping. E. process of organizing and interpreting E. discrimination. sensory information. 40. Contemporary psychologists are most 44. Neural networks refer to likely to reject which of the following as A. the branching extensions of a neuron. appropriate for the study of psychology? B. interconnected clusters of neurons in A. empiricism the central nervous system. B. observation C. neural cables containing many axons. C. introspection D. junctions between sending and D. experimentation receiving neurons. E. mental activity E. neurons that connect the central 41. Experiencing a green afterimage of a red nervous system to the rest of the body. 45. Clinical psychologists specialize in D. providing drugs to treat behavioral A. constructing surveys. disorders. B. animal research. E. treating patients in clinical settings. C. providing therapy to troubled people.</p><p>Answer Key 9. C 19. E 29. E 39. C 10. C 20. D 30. B 40. C 1. D 11. C 21. D 31. A 41. A 2. C 12. C 22. C 32. B 42. D 3. E 13. E 23. D 33. D 43. D 4. B 14. E 24. D 34. C 44. B 5. B 15. C 25. B 35. B 45. C 6. B 16. D 26. B 36. C 7. C 17. D 27. C 37. D 8. E 18. C 28. E 38. E </p>