<p> Biology 2 Review for Final</p><p>Scientific Method Biochemistry (cont.) -Steps -Function/primary products of Kreb cycle -Controlled experiment that leads to the ETC, # of ATP made in Kreb Biology Basics -Path of electrons during aerobic -Biology is study of _____ respiration, start with food, end with -Levels of organization for living things final electron acceptor -Classification levels for living things -Oxygen deprivation in muscle cells -Autotrophs vs. heterotrophs forced to work anaerobically -Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes -Chemiosmotic respiration source of -Homeostasis energy (proton gradient) -Characteristics of living things -ATP synthase</p><p>Biochemistry DNA Science and Biotechnology -Purpose of metabolism -DNA vs. protein as genetic material, -Catabolism vs. anabolism why did people think protein was the -ATP purpose, structure hereditary material? -Four primary elements of life -Watson and Crick -Mass number/atomic number -DNA structure, double helix, -Electron configuration -DNA building blocks, structure -Covalent chemical bond -RNA purpose, nucleotides -Organic chemistry definition -DNA vs. RNA differences -Awesome-ness of carbon -Purines vs. pyramidines -Glucose vs. fructose (structures), -Replication vs. transcription vs. together is the disaccharide _____ translation -Dehydration vs. hydrolysis -Leading strand vs. lagging strand -Monomers/Polymers: molecules of life, -Codon vs. anticodon bonds (peptide, ester, glycosidic) -Protein synthesis steps -Monosaccharides vs. disaccharides, vs. -Using the table of codons/a.a. polysaccharides, vs. starch vs. -Introns vs. exons carbohdrate -Site/process of translation -Differences between amino acids -DNA polymerase, ligase functions -Protein denaturation -Meaning of 3’ to 5’ -Enzyme purpose, activation energy -Mutations, frameshift, single -Functions of the molecules of life -Applications of gene cloning -Relationship between proteins, RNA, -Restriction enzymes, benefits for DNA and genes in humans bacteria, uses -Aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration -Transformation and antibiotic -Purpose and products of glycolysis resistance -Photosynthesis purpose -PCR purpose -Final products of light reactions -Gel electrophoresis purpose/process -Why are there green leaves? -DNA palindromes -Site/Function of the Calvin cycle Genetics/Evolution -Mendel’s experiments -Allele, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, genotype, phenotype -Genetics problems -Interpreting a pedigree -Blood types -What can evolve in the Darwinian sense? -Natural selection -Definition of mutation -Conditions to maintain genetic equilibrium -Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium problems -Genetic drift, bottleneck, gene flow</p><p>Microbiology -Prokaryote domains -Role of prokaryotes -Transformation, conjugation, transposition, transduction -Bacteriophage -Conjugation -Overuse of antibiotics -Gram + vs. Gram – -Lytic vs. lysogenic cycle -Prophage</p><p>Zoology -Protostome vs. deuterostome, placement of animal groups -Characteristics of animals -Common ancestor of animals -Developmental sequence of animals from fertilization to metamorphosis </p>