<p> Significant “Classical Civilizations” • Chandragupta Maurya filled vacuum left when Alexander the Great retreated 500 BCE - 500 CE from India Greece • Ashoka declares Buddhism the official • Polis religion </p><p>• Sparta – military society • Ashoka expands trade, builds roads, hospitals, and rest houses • Athens – golden age • 320 CE India united under the Gupta Empire • Democracy – Chandra Gupta </p><p>• Persian Wars against Persia • Connected to China by the Silk Roads </p><p>• Delian League formed after the Persian Wars • Indian Ocean Trade – monsoons – centered in Athens • Patriarchal society • Peloponnesian War – Sparta wins • Women were legally monors • Philip of Macedonia next great leader • Women set themselves on fire • Alexander the Great • Advances in geometry and math – Arabic • Mediterranean Sea allowed for massive trade numbers </p><p>• Patriarchal – women were under authority of men China • Women could not own land and wore veils in public • Era of Warring States 403 – 221 BCE </p><p>• Slaves due to debt, prisoners of war, or • Qin – legalism dominated; Great Wall of bought from other areas of the world China; unified laws, currencies, </p><p>• Polytheistic weights, and measures </p><p>• Philosophers – Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle • Han dynasty 206 BCE – 220 CE – centralized rule; Wu Di – most important </p><p> emperor; civil service exams, foreign expansion; India tribute system </p><p>• Mauryan Empire in 320s BCE • Trade was important </p><p>• Silk Roads • Scholar-gentry highest level in society • Height of trade – population decreases 25% due to diseases • Wheelbarrow, horse collar, watermills, paper </p><p>Rome </p><p>• 509 BCE – Republic is formed – Senate </p><p>• Patricians and plebians Religions / Philosophies</p><p>• Expansion through Mediterranean world Christianity </p><p>• Carthage – Punic Wars • founded by a Hebrew, Jesus of Nazareth– 4 BCE • Julius Caesar conquered Gaul – declared emperor • Started as a sect of Judaism </p><p>• Octavian/Augustus = Pax Romana • New Testament </p><p>• Twelve Tables • Edict of Milan legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire – 313 CE • Extensive roads </p><p>• Uniform currency </p><p>• Latin language </p><p>• Patriarchal; women supervised domestic affairs </p><p>• Adopted Christianity as the official religion in 380 CE </p><p>Trade </p><p>• Silk Roads – led from China through Asia and to the Mediterranean Sea </p><p>• Indian Ocean </p><p>• Mediterranean Sea </p>