Grammar & Vocabulary

Grammar & VocabularyAction Words! Subject pronouns  ER verbs  2 verbs in one sentence  Questions (est-ce que, inversion & question words)  Useful words & adverbs  Être  Regular adjectives & agreement  Faire & faire expressionsJe m’appelle______1 Replace! Replace! SUBJECT PRONOUNS Replace!What is a noun? __Person, place, thing, (idea)______What is a pronoun?__A pronoun replaces a noun.______What is the subject of a sentence?___The noun or pronoun doing the action in the sentence.___Underline the subject in the following sentences:1. Valerie is going to the store. subject pronoun: ______2. My dog likes to eat ice cream. subject pronoun: ______3. Joel and Ray are going to the movies. subject pronoun: ______4. They like to play ping-pong.5. Do you know how to speak French?6. Where are we going for dinner?7. You are my best friend.8. The book is on the table. subject pronoun: _It____9. My watch doesn’t work. subject pronoun: _It____10. Jackie and Denise are going shopping. subject pronoun: _They____The “he, Fish it” 2 SUBJECT PRONOUNSSingular Plural______je = ___I____ (j’ = elision before vowel) nous = __we______tu = __you____ (informal/familiar) vous = __you______(plural/polite) il = __he, it____ *ils = ___They (masculine)___ elle = _she, it____ elles = _They (feminine)____ on = __one (everyone) *ils form is used for groups of boys & girlsReplace the following subjects (nouns) with subject pronouns:1. Marie = ______2. Claude = ______3. Anne et Sophie = ______4. Charlotte et André =______5. Sabrina et moi = ______6. One = ______7. Marc et Bernard = ______8. Le livre = ______9. La fille = ______10. Les cahiers = ______11. Le garcon = ______12. le pupitre = ______13. Les touristes =______14. la chaise = ______15. Ma soeur = ______16. Ton frère = ______17. la fenêtre = ______18. les animaux = ______19. une affiche = ______20. un stylo = ______3 La Chanson des Pronoms Sujets!It is very important to learn not only what the subject pronouns mean, but also their order! This song will help with both!!JE is I TU is YOU IL HE ELLE is SHE.ON means ONE NOUS is WE And VOUS can mean YOU ALL.ILS is THEY (ELLES is THEY!) ILS is THEY (ELLES is THEY!) And VOUS can also mean YOU FORMAL, hey!Now repeat!!!!4 PRESENT TENSE OF VERBSNouns and pronouns are rarely used by themselves, because we always talk about what the person or thing is doing. So…they are followed by a VERB.VERB:___an action word______Verb Examples:__run, jump,skip, gallop, swim, hit, fall______In English, a verb may consist of one or more words. Underline the verbs in the following sentences: 1. His parents are buying him a new bicycle. 2. Exercise helps the circulation of the blood. 3. We receive the mail at 3:00. 4. Snow is falling on the city. 5. The waiter is keeping the change. 6. These musicians generally play jazz. Verbalicious! 7. I am voting for the best candidate. 8. The class is watching an excellent film today. 9. They understand French. 10.Alison shares her candy with her brother.Which tense are all of the above sentences? ______THE TENSE OF A VERB REFERS TO… __It is the time the action takes place - past, present, future ______5 ER VERBSIn French, there are 3 types of regular verbs (ER, IR, RE). Verbs are grouped according to their endings. Most French verbs belong to the regular “ER” group. REGULAR VERB: ____It follows a pattern _____INFINITIVE: It is the unconjugated (unchanged) form of the verb. It is preceeded with “to” in English, and ends in “er” in French.CONJUGATE: Change the verb (ending) to match the subject. THERE ARE 3 FORMS TO THE VERB: 1. l’infinitif = infinitive 2. la racine = root/stem **never changes 3. la terminaison = endings (always change to match the subject)EXAMPLETo give = donner 1. donner = l’infinitif 2. donn = la racine 3. er = la terminaisonTry this one… To sing = chanter 1. l’infinitif = 2. la racine = 3. la terminaison =6 ER VERB CONJUGATIONS Remember…you must conjugate, or change the verb endings, to match the subject of the sentence.  In English, we also make changes to the verb. “I give.” vs. “He gives.”First, we need a subject…let’s review our subject pronouns: je= __I_____ nous=__we______tu= ___you___ vous= __you______il= __he______ils= ___they______elle= __she___ elles= __they______on= _one______NOW, we have to conjugate a verb to match our subjects. Follow the steps below: 1. DROP THE ‘ER’ FROM THE INFINITIVE 2. ADD THE CORRECT ENDING (TERMINAISON) THAT MATCHES THE SUBJECT GIVENDanser = to dance (Infinitive) 1. drop ER from infinitive (dans) 2. add the following endings: je __e_____ nous __ons______tu __es_____ vous __ez______il ___e_____ ils ___ent______elle _e______elles __ent______on ___e_____***Now, YOU TRY!! Danser = to dance je ______nous ______tu ______vous ______il, elle, on ______ils, elles ______7 CONJUGATIONS AND TRANSLATION***IN ENGLISH, THE ACTION MAY BE EXPRESSED USING MORE THAN ONE VERB. FOR EXAMPLE: SHE IS READING A BOOK. HOWEVER IN FRENCH, ACTIONS ARE EXPRESSED USING ONLY ONE VERB. SEE THE DIFFERENCE BELOW:French: Je danse. French: Il invite. English: (3 ways!) English: (3 ways!) 1. I dance. 1. He invites 2. I do dance. 2. He does invite 3. I am dancing. 3. He is inviting***CONJUGATE, THEN TRANSLATE (REMEMBER, YOU CAN TRANSLATE IT 3 DIFFERENT WAYS INTO ENGLISH!) STEPS 1. DROP THE ‘ER’ FROM THE INFINITVE2. ADD THE ENDING THAT MATCHES THE SUBJECTFrench English1. (rester = to stay) Tu ______.2. (regarder = to watch) Nous ______.3. (jouer= to play) Il ______.4. (écouter= to listen) J’ ______. 5. (penser = to think) Vous ______.6. (habiter = to live) Ma tante et mon cousin ______à Paris. 8 REGULAR ER VERBS1. arriver = to 13. aimer = to 24. montrer = to arrive like/love show2. donner = to give 14. chanter = to sing 25. danser = to 3. inviter = to 15. dîner = to dine dance invite 16. téléphoner = to 26. étudier = to 4. skier = to ski call study5. jouer = to play 17. porter = to 27. marcher = to 6. demander = to wear/carry walk/function ask 18. rester = to stay 28. tourner = to 7. parler = to 19. manger = to eat turn speak/ to talk 20.travailler = to 29. oublier = to 8. habiter = to live work forget9. visiter = to visit 21. regarder = to 30. aider = to help10. continuer = to watch/look at 31. chercher = to continue 22. écouter = to look for/search11. entrer = to listen (to) 32. fermer = to enter 23. traverser = to close12. rentrer = to cross 33. trouver = to return find 9 34. penser = to 42. fêter = to 50. déjeuner = to think celebrate eat lunch35. fumer = to 43. prêter = to lend smoke 44. coûter = to cost36. désirer = to 45. apporter = to want/desire bring37. sonner = to ring 46. gagner = to win **VERBS ENDING 38. compter = to 47. retourner = to IN –GER MUST count return KEEP THE ‘E’ IN 39. pleurer = to cry 48. commencer= to THE NOUS FORM 40. voyager = to start ONLY: travel 49. organizer = to Nous mangeons.41. nager = to swim organize Nous voyageons.Nous nageons.10 NEGATION…NOT!When negating a sentence (expressing “not”), use the following construction:___Subject______+ __ne______+ ___verb_____+ __pas___+ __R.O.S._____ Before a vowel: ___n’______(collision = elision!!!)******The “ne…pas” always goes around the verb!Examples:1. English: My brother does not eat grapefruit. French: Mon frère ne mange pas de pamplemousse. 2. Your sister is not helping.3. My friend’s dog does not swim.4. French class does not start at 3:00.5. My dad and my uncle are not watching TV. 6. We do not like the rain.11 2 VERBS IN THE SAME SENTENCEYou can have two verbs in the same sentence :Example : I like to eat pizza. The conjugated verb is : like The infinitive is : to eatTranslate the above sentence in to French using the following construction:__Subject+__verb (conjugated)_+_infinitive (er)_+_ROS_**remember, you only conjugate the FIRST verb !Translate the following sentences:1. She likes to swim every day.2. We want to study tomorrow.NEGATION: PUT THENE…PAS AROUND THE 3. I love to dance. He does not like to dance. _first (conjugated)__VERB!!!!!!! 4. Do you want to count with me ?5. My brother continues to watch TV. 12 LES QUESTIONS – PARTIE 1I. YES/NO QUESTIONS  THE EXPRESSION USED IS ‘EST-CE QUE’  IT CAN BE “TRANSLATED” AS _Do, Does, Is, Are______AT THE BEGINNING OF A QUESTION.CONSTRUCTION: __Est-ce que______+__subject______+___verb______+___ROS______BEFORE A VOWEL = __Est-ce qu’______Make the following statements in to questions:1. Vous skiez en hiver. Est-ce que vous skiez en hiver? 2. Tu écoutes la radio.3. Is he French?4. Do they (f) eat snails?II. TAG QUESTIONS  USED AT THE END OF A QUESTION WHEN EXPRESSING SOME DOUBT.  ENGLISH EQUIVALENT IS _right? don’t you? doesn’t he?__  THE EXPRESSION USED IS ‘N’EST-CE PAS’CONSTRUCTION:___Subject_____+__verb______+___ROS______+_,n’est-ce pas?______Practice:1. She plays soccer, right? 2. The students are studying, aren’t they? 13 3. You are arriving in Paris today, right? Mots utiles (useful expressions)1. à – to, at, in2. de – of, from, about3. et - and4. ou – or 5. avec - with6. pour – for7. mais – butThe following words are adverbs (they describe ‘how’ you do something). In French, the adverb goes right after the verb. Add it after the verb…add-verb…get it? Adverb? HA! English: I always play volleyball. French: Je joue toujours au volley.8. bien – well9. très bien – very well10. mal - poorly11. beaucoup – a lot12. un peu – a little13. souvent – often14. toujours – always15. aussi – also16. maintenant – now 14 17. rarement – rarelyLE VERBE “ÊTRE”The verb “être” is an irregular verb, meaning it does not follow the same pattern as most verbs when conjugated.Être = ___to be______je = __suis____(am)__ nous = ___sommes____(are)___ Don’t forget… tu = ___es____(are)_ vous = ___êtes____(are)_____ These are all forms of the il = ___est____(is)_ ils = ___sont_____(are)_____ VERB être! elle = ___est___(is)__ elles = ___sont_____(are)_____ on =___est___(is)___IMPORTANT!!!!! YOU CAN ONLY USE ÊTRE WITH… ___adjectives______AND ___locations______!YOU NEVER, EVER, EVER, EVER, EVER….USE IT WITH ANOTHER VERB!!!!!!!!! (no helping verbs)!!!!!Examples: WRONG!!1. English: She is eating a sandwich. French: Elle mange un sandwich. NEVER: Elle est mange un sandwich.2. English: I am studying French. French: J’étudie le français.3. You (familiar) are nice. 5. I am smart in school.4. They (m) are in class. 6. We are athletic. . REMEMBER: When negating, the “ne…pas” always goes around the verb! 15 Elle est américaine. Elle n’est pas française. Les adjectives et être!In French, most adjectives come _AFTER_ the noun they describe. Adjectives also must agree in __GENDER___and ___NUMBER____.Il est petit.Examples: Il est grand. English: She is a kind girl. English: They(m) are not mean boys. French: Elle est une fille gentille. French: Ils ne sont pas les garcons méchants. brun(e) – brunette/brown-haired triste – sad blond(e) – blond content(e)- happy amusant(e) – amusing/fun fort(e) – strong intelligent(e) – smart faible – weak intéressant(e) – interesting laid(e) – ugly méchant(e) – mean sportif/sportive – athletic bête – silly/stupid moyen/moyenne – average sympathique – nice *grand(e) – big/tall timide – shy *petit(e) – small/short gentil/gentille – kind *beau/belle – handsome/beautiful rigolo- funny *joli(e)- pretty mignon/mignonne – cute *jeune – young maigre – thin Les Adverbes gros/grosse - fat assez – rather 16 trop - too très - veryLES QUESTIONS – PARTIE 2III. INFORMATION QUESTIONS  REQUIRE MORE THAN A YES/NO ANSWER  ASKING FOR ____specific______INFORMATION!  USE QUESTION WORDS (QW), JUST LIKE ENGLISH!CONSTRUCTION: __Question word__+___est-ce que___+__subject___+__verb__+ __ROS___?QUESTION WORDS: OÙ = __Where?______QU’EST-CE QUE____What?__(QUE) ___ no est-ce que with qu’est-ce que POURQUOI= __Why?______PARCE QUE = __because____ QUI = __Who?______AVEC QUI= __With whom?_____ À QUI = __To whom?______DE QUI= __From/about whom?____ POUR QUI= __For whom?______COMMENT = __How?______QUAND = ____When?______À QUELLE HEURE = ___At what time?______COMBIEN = ___How much?______Translate: 1. Pourquoi est-ce que tu visites le musée?2. Quand est-ce qu’il mange le déjeuner?3. Où est-ce que ta sœur habite?4. What do you like to do in the summer?5. Who are the girls talking about?6. How do we return home?17 To the Jingle Bells tune… OÙ IS WHERE, QU’EST-CE QUE ‘S WHAT, POURQUOI WHY, QUI WHO, COMMENT MEANS HOW, QUAND IS WHEN, AND EST-CE QUE DOES OR DO… OH…18 Les Questions D’informationInformation questions:  Questions that require RESPONSES WITH SPECIFIC INFORMATION  Use the following construction to form information questions:__QW__+__EST-CE QUE__+_SUBJECT_+_VERB__+_ROS ?_Question Word English Common Response1. Où Where Place 2.Qu’est-ce que What Thing or activity 3.Pourquoi Why Reason (parce que…) 4. Qui Who Person 5.Avec qui With whom With Person 6. À qui To whom To a Person 7.De qui From/about whom From or about a Person 8.Pour qui For whom For a Person 9.Comment How Explanation 10.Quand When Time/date 11.Combien How much Number 12.À quelle heure At what time Time**Do not use est-ce que with ___Qu’est-ce que!!!______**est-ce que is often (but not always!) omitted when using the verb __être ______, and with the question word __Qui (as the subject)__.Examples: 1. Quand est la boum? 19 2. À quelle heure est le match? 3. Qui aime le poulet? BUT…Qui est-ce que tu invites ?INVERSION – L es Questions - PARTIE 3Inversion is another way of forming a __question______.  STEP 1: GET RID OF _est-ce que____  STEP 2: IDENTIFY YOUR __subject____ AND _verb______.  STEP 3: NOW SWITCH THEM!  STEP 4: ADD A __-___ TO LINK THEM TOGETHER  STEP 5: ALL OTHER PARTS OF THE QUESTION STAY THE SAME! (QW IS ALWAYS FIRST, ROS IS ALWAYS LAST!)CONSTRUCTION:(____QW____) + __verb_-_subject______+__ROS?___Examples: Aimes-tu les escargots? Do you like snails ? Où voyageons-nous? Where are/do we travel? Quand arrivent-elles à l’école? When do they arrive at school ? **Normally, you do NOT invert “je” (there are some exceptions…for example, “Puis-je aller aux toilettes?”)**Qu’est-ce que becomes _Que______**ONLY __pronouns____ CAN BE INVERTED, NOT NOUNS!!! **When inverting with __il____, _elle______, __on_____ : you must add a ___-t-______between the verb and subject.Examples: Joue-t-il au volley? Travaille-t-elle au magasin? Pourquoi étudie-t-on le français? 20 Practice: 1. Do you ski in the winter? 2. At what time does he like to swim? NEW IRREGULAR VERB…FAIRE!!!Faire = __to do/to make______Je __fais____ Nous _faisons______Tu __fais____ Vous __faites_____ Il,Elle__fait_____ Ils,Elles_font______FAIRE EXPRESSIONS (LES IDIOMES) 1. faire un voyage- to take a trip 9. faire le ménage-to do housework2. faire une promenade- to take a walk 10. faire les devoirs-to do homework3. faire une visite à- to pay a visit 11. faire des courses- to grocery shop4. faire un match- to play a game 12. faire des projets- to make plans5. faire attention à- to pay attention 13. faire des progrès - to make progress6. faire la cuisine- to cook 14. faire de son mieux - to do one’s best7. faire la vaisselle- to do the dishes 15. faire du shopping- to shop8. faire la valise- to pack your bags 16. faire des achats- to shopPRACTICE:2. I am taking a walk with my brother.3. The students are doing homework. 4. We pay attention in math class.5. My sister is doing the dishes. 21 6. What are you doing now? (Translate, then answer in French!!) (replace faire with what you are actually DOING ! Only use faire if it is a faire expression. (Je fais regarde la télé…is incorrect!!!!)22

Grammar & Vocabulary

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