REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 14(2): 249-324, December 23, 2015 Chief Editor Kartini Kramadibrata (Mycologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Editors Dedy Darnaedi (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) TukirinPartomihardjo (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Joeni Setijo Rahajoe (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Marlina Ardiyani (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Topik Hidayat (Taxonomist, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia) Eizi Suzuki (Ecologist, Kagoshima University, Japan) Jun Wen (Taxonomist, Smithsonian Natural History Museum, USA) Managing Editor Himmah Rustiami (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Secretary Endang Tri Utami Layout Medi Sutiyatno Illustrators Subari Wahyudi Santoso Anne Kusumawaty Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY-INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER, JLN. RAYA JAKARTA - BOGOR KM 46, CIBINONG 16911, P.O. Box 25 CIBINONG INDONESIA PHONE (+62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-MAIL: [email protected] http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia A B Cover images: Zingiber engganoensis Ardiyani. A. Habit B. Leafy shoot and the inflorescence showing rhizomes, roots and root-tuber C. Leaves D. Ligule and swollen petiole E. Dissection of inflorescence showing fruit F. Spike and flowers G. Dissection C D F of flowers and fruits showing bract, bracteole, two lateral staminodes, two petal lobes, labellum, and the four appendages of the anther H. Flower. Source of materials: E190 E (BO). Photo credits: B, C, D by Arief Supnatna. A, E, F, G, H by Marlina Ardiyani. G H The Editors would like to thank all reviewers of volume 14(2): Abdul Latiff Mohamad, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Abdulrokhman Kartonegoro - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Agus Susatya - University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia Axel D. Poulsen - Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Campbell O. Webb - Arnold Arboretum, University of Harvard, USA Edwino Fernando - Dept. of Forest Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines Fabian Brambach - Dept. of Ecology & Ecosystem Research, Georg August University, Gottingen, Germany John Mood - Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawaii, USA Kuswata Kartawinata - Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA Mark Newman - Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Martin Dancak - Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Czech Republic Mien A. Rifai - Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (AIPI) Ridha Mahyuni - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia REINWARDTIA Vol 14, No 2, pp: 287 ‒ 295 CHIONANTHUS (OLEACEAE) IN SULAWESI, INDONESIA, INCLUDING THREE NEW SPECIES Received April 06, 2015; accepted May 08, 2015 RUTH KIEW Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT KIEW, R. 2015. Chionanthus (Oleaceae) in Sulawesi, Indonesia, including three new species. Reinwardtia 14(2): 287 ‒ 295. ― The genus Chionanthus (Oleaceae) in Sulawesi is revised. Nine species are described of which C. kostermansii Kiew, C. sordidus Kiew and C. sulawesicus Kiew are new species. Four species are endemic, C. celebicus Koord., C. sordidus, C. stenurus (Merr.) Kiew and C. sulawesicus. The geographic range of C. cordulatus Koord. extends to Bor- neo and Mollucas, while C. kostermansii also occurs in Sumbawa and Flores, and the range of C. rupicolus (Lingelsh.) Kiew extends to Sumbawa, Mollucas, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. Chionanthus polygamus (Roxb.) Kiew and C. ramiflorus Roxb. are both widespread species, the former from Sumatra to New Guinea and the latter from continental Asia to the Solomon Islands. A key to identify the species is provided. Chionanthus gigantifolius Koord. remains incompletely known. Key words: Chionanthus, distribution, endemic, key, new species, Sulawesi. ABSTRAK KIEW, R. 2015. Marga Chionanthus (Oleaceae) di Sulawesi, Indonesia, termasuk didalamnya tiga jenis baru. Reinwardtia 14(2): 287 ‒ 295. ― Marga Chionanthus (Oleaceae) di Sulawesi telah direvisi. Sembilan jenis telah diper- telakan, tiga diantaranya, C. kostermansii Kiew, C. sordidus Kiew dan C. sulawesicus Kiew merupakan jenis baru. Empat jenis diantaranya merupakan jenis endemik, C. celebicus Koord., C. sordidus, C. stenurus (Merr.) Kiew dan C. sulawesicus. Wilayah geografi dari C. cordulatus Koord. meluas hingga ke Borneo dan Maluku, sementara C. kostermansii ditemukan di Sumbawa dan Flores, selain itu wilayah geografi C. rupicolus (Lingelsh.) Kiew melebar hingga Sumbawa, Maluku, Papua Nugini dan Kepulauan Bismark. Chionanthus polygamus (Roxb.) Kiew dan C. ramiflorus Roxb. mempunyai wilayah persebaran yang luas, C. polygamus dapat ditemukan dari Sumatera hingga Papua Nugini dan C. ramiflorus mulai dari daratan Asia hingga Kepulauan Solomon. Kunci identifikasi jenis juga disajikan. Status jenis Chionanthus gigantifolius Koord. masih belum diketahui sepenuhnya. Kata kunci: Chionanthus, distribusi, endemik, jenis baru, kunci, Sulawesi. INTRODUCTION C. cordulatus Koord. also occurs in Borneo (Sabah and E Kalimantan) and N Maluku, and Chionanthus with about 100 species worldwide C. kostermansii Kiew occurs in Sumbawa and is most biodiverse in Malesia but is widespread in Flores. Four species, C. celebicus Koorders, the tropics and subtropics from Asia to C. sordidus Kiew, C. sulawesicus Kiew and Madagascar and Africa with a few species in the C. stenurus (Merr.) Kiew are endemic in Americas. Most are small to medium-sized trees Sulawesi. recognised by their opposite, exstipulate leaves Recently Sulawesi has been the focus of several with an entire margin. The petiole often dries expeditions, so a key to and description of these black. The flowers are small with four, white or nine species is presented here to encourage yellow, narrow petals less than 1 cm long. The two collection and identification of Chionanthus stamens and superior ovary are characters of the specimens. Considering the diverse biogeographic family. The fruits are usually drupes with a fleshy origins of the flora, the different climatic regions, layer that ripens deep purple or black but and diversity of substrate, no doubt further new sometimes the outer layer is hard, brown and has a species can be expected. rough surface. Chionanthus fruits are very variable in size and shape and are important in species Key to Chionanthus species in Sulawesi identification. Chionanthus occupies a wide range of habitats from lowland to montane forest, with 1a. Leaf base cuneate, the very base cordate some species in coastal or swamp forest or on ………………………………...C. cordulatus substrates, such as limestone or ultramafic rock. b. Leaf base not cordate ………………………2 Nine species are known from Sulawesi. Two are 2a. Inflorescence paniculate …………………...3 widespread species, Chionanthus polygamus b. Inflorescence racemose ……………………6 (Roxb.) Kiew and C. ramiflorus Roxb., one 3a. Calyx grey hairy; fruits pear-shaped, apex C. rupicolus (Lingelsh.) Kiew is a new record for a pointed ………………………..C. polygamus species formerly known only from New Guinea; b. Calyx if hairy not grey; fruit globose or 287 288288 REINWARDTIAREINWARDTIA [VOL.14[VOL.14 ovoid, apex rounded ……………………….4……………………….4 shortlyshortly acuminate, drying chestnutchestnut-brown;-brown; midrib 4 a. Axillary buds large and globose; lamina flat above; lateral veins (10‒)12‒13(10)1213 pairs, slightlyslightly narrowly lanceolate, subcoriaceous, 2.3‒42.34 cm impressed above, midrib and veins prominent and wide, veins plane beneath; fruitfruit globose, 1.1 finely pubescent beneath, marginal vein obscure, cm long ………………………...C. rupicolus ca. 3 mm from margin. InflorescenceInflorescence paniculate b. AxillaryAxillary buds small and pointed; lamina withwith second order branching, axillary, solitary or lanceolate or oblongoblong-lanceolate,-lanceolate, membranmembran-- sometimes withwith 2 per axil,axil, 1.5‒51.55 cm long of which ous, 4‒10.5410.5 cm wide, veins prominent peduncle is (0.5‒)2‒3(0.5)23 cm long, densely pubescent, beneath; fruit ellipsoid or ovoid, 1.6‒21.62 cm lowest branch 0.5‒20.52 cm long, flowers crowded at long ………………………………………...5 the tipstips of the branches;branches; bracts scarious, ca. 2 mm 5 a. Lamina lanceolate, apex acute, drying long, densely pubescent, persistenpersistent;t; pedicel 1‒212 chestnut brown, veins blackblack beneath; pepetioletiole mm long. Flowers bisexual, fragrant.fragrant. Calyx ca. 1‒1.511.5 cm, thickened; inflorescence withwith 1.5 mm long, divided almost halfway, lobes acute, second order branching; frufruitit ovoid 1.6 × 1.4 pubescent, margin ciliate. Corolla yellow, 2‒424 mm cm, pedicel not conspicuously thickened long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly ………………………………….…………………………………. C. celebicus linear,linear, twisted at anthesis. Stamens 2 or sometimes b. Lamina oblong to lanceolate, apex acuminate, 4, sessile, attached to base of corolla; anthers ca. drying kaki or greenish brown, veins promi- 1 mm long, oblong, orange. Ovary globose, less nent beneath; petiole 1.5‒31.53 cm, not thickened; than 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed,bilobed, red. inflorescence withwith third order branching; fruitfruit InfructescencesInfructescences to 6 cm long; pedicel sslightlylightly ellipsoid,