<p> “We need your support”: The Bonus Army Protesters</p><p>Author: Carissa VanderLey</p><p>Grade Level(s): 11th grade US History Overview/Purpose: Students will be watching and listening to news stories of the Bonus Army Protesters which took place in 1932 while the country was in the Great Depression. These veterans assembled in Washington, DC to demand their bonuses for serving in the Great War from the federal government. Students will create a flyer in support of the Bonus Army Protesters Learning Objective: Students will create a flyer that shows their support of the Bonus Army Marchers. Time Required for Lesson: This lesson will take one day of class time (48 minutes) and one night of homework (for specific time of activities-see ‘Activities/Procedures’ below) Resources/References: Print Sources: Kennedy, David. Freedom From Free: The American People in Depression and War, 1929- 1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Page 279 (copies will be provided if teacher is absent and content will be highlighted so that substitute teacher can gain some background knowledge).</p><p>Miller, Nathan. New World Coming: The 1920s and the Making of Modern America. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003. Pages that discuss Bonus Army 383-384 (copies will be provided if teacher is absent and content will be highlighted so that substitute teacher can gain some background knowledge).</p><p>Resources can be found with the links provided.</p><p>Websites: Mrs. VanderLey’s wikispace http://mrsvanderley.wikispaces.com/EDU629</p><p>WallWisher http://padlet.com/wall/ca5b0pb4ou</p><p>Bonus Army Prezi presentation http://prezi.com/d-ttky_xxlqo/? utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy&rc=ex0share Bonus Army-eyewitness to history http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/snprelief4.htm</p><p>Documents came from the following website: http://historyproject.ucdavis.edu/lessons/view_lesson.php?id=39 Suggested Activities and Procedures: This lesson plan will be part of the Great Depression unit in US History class. Students will already have background knowledge of what the Great Depression is, the different viewpoints as to why the Great Depression started and how the Great Depression affected the people of the United States. This lesson will focus on how the Great Depression affected the veterans of the Great War (WWI) and what these veterans decided to do. After looking at images, watching newsreels about the protest, and reading first-hand accounts, students will create a flyer to support the bonuses for the veterans. 1. Bell-ringer: As students enter the classroom, image #1 will be projected on the SmartBoard. 2. Have students log on to the class WallWisher site they will post their initial reaction to the image. (steps 1 & 2 should take no more than 5 minutes) 3. View the Prezi about the Bonus Army Marchers (15 minutes) and students will take down notes (both can be located on my wikispace-for students to view/download-if teacher absent). 4. Students will read document about the Bonus Marchers. (25 minutes) There will be handouts provided and also links on the wikispace. 5. Homework assignment: After viewing the Prezi, reading the documents, students are to create a flyer that shows support of the Bonus Marchers (rubric below). Students will print out flyer. Teacher Notes and Suggestions: Make sure that all students know what wikispace to go to (although it should be a favorite, since we use my wikispace at least once a week). There will be print-outs available for students who have difficulty reading text on-line. Make sure that each student receives the rubric on how they will be graded for their flyer. Student Materials/Instructions: 1. Students will view image. 2. Students will write their initial reaction to the image on WallWisher site. 3. Students will view Prezi and take notes 4. Students read the documents that pertain to the Bonus Marchers. 5. Students will look at the rubric to create a flyer that supports the Bonus Marchers. Extending the Lesson: This lesson can be revisited once the class has discussed WWII. We can discuss how the government changed in their treatment of war’s veterans and look at the programs that are now offered for veterans to help them (like the GI Bill). Assessment(s): Student flyer rubric is below.</p><p>Content Standards: SD Content Standards: 9-12.US.1.1. Students are able to explain the cause-effect relationships and legacy that distinguish significant historical periods from Reconstruction to the present. 9-12.US.1.2. Students are able to relate previously learned information of these time periods to the context of succeeding time periods.</p><p>National US History Standards: United States Era 8: The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945) Standard 1: The causes of the Great Depression and how it affected American society. * Explore the reasons for the deepening crisis of the Great Depression and evaluate the Hoover administration’s responses.</p><p>Miscellaneous Information: Images on Prezi (in order of appearance): 1. http://www.gpb.org/march-of-the-bonus-army 2. http://luckydimepress.com/ 3. http://www.authentichistory.com/1930-1939/1-hoover/2-bonusarmy/ 4. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm203.html 5. http://thehistorynerd.wordpress.com/tag/bonus-army/ 6. http://fineartamerica.com/featured/bonus-army-marchers-1932-granger.html 7. http://dummidumbwit.wordpress.com/2009/09/28/the-bonus-marchers-why- ex-officers-dont-always-do-best-for-vets/ 8. http://fineartamerica.com/featured/bonus-marchers-encampment-everett.html 9. http://photographyblog.dallasnews.com/2013/07/today-in-photo-history-28- 5.html/ 10. http://thepublici.blogspot.com/2008/10/guts-and-blood.html 11. http://www.npr.org/2011/11/11/142224795/the-bonus-army-how-a-protest- led-to-the-gi-bill Image #1-This image will be projected on the SmartBoard at the beginning of class.</p><p>Image from: http://www.npr.org/2011/11/11/142224795/the-bonus-army-how-a-protest-led-to-the-gi-bill Document A: Mauritz A. Hallgren in The Nation, July 27, 1932 (written July 17) "Hardly more than fifty of the veterans started for the White House, but...President Hoover issued orders to the police to close the gates of the grounds and to clear Pennsylvania Avenue and adjacent streets of all...traffic ....The demonstrators were quickly dispersed, three of their leaders being arrested. According to Inspector O.T. Davis of the metropolitan force, President Hoover had said that if the police could not clear the streets within a few minutes he would call out regular army troops....In my judgment there was not the slightest possibility of any really serious trouble developing, for there is in these bonus-seekers no revolt, no fire, not even smoldering resentment... "Out in their camps, they show even less spirit. Squalid, miserable and unhealthful as these camps certainly are, life there offers more security and comforts than many of these men have known for months. "Who are the bonus-seekers and where have they come from? They are mostly farmworkers, fruit pickers, itinerant factory workers, and other unskilled or semi-skilled laborers....However, a large minority of the men are skilled mechanics, white-collar workers, and even professional people....Thus the movement is essentially bourgeois and not proletarian, at least in outward form. This explains in large measure the patriotism and flag-waving of the bonus-seekers... "The veterans are all in or beyond middle age; every one of them has been thoroughly whipped by his individual economic circumstances. There is about the lot of them an atmosphere of hopelessness, of utter despair...[with] no stomach for fighting. People who see in the bonus army the beginning of a fascist movement...are in error. Such a movement may start among the younger unemployed, but it will not, I am certain, start with the bonus army. "There is no doubt that Washington officialdom from Mr. Hoover on down is badly frightened by the presence of these former soldiers..."</p><p>Document B: Orders issued by Sec. of War Hurley to Gen. MacArthur at about 3:00 p.m., July 28 TO: General Douglas MacArthur Chief of Staff, U.S. Army The President has just now informed me that the civil government of the District of Columbia has reported to him that it is unable to maintain law and order in the District. You will have United States troops proceed immediately to the scene of the disorder. Cooperate fully with the District of Columbia police force which is now in charge. Surround the affected area and clear it without delay. Turn over all prisoners to the civil authorities.... Use all humanity consistent with the due execution of the order. Patrick J. Hurley, Secretary of War Document C: President Hoover's statement to the press, July 28 "For some days police authorities and Treasury officials have been endeavoring to persuade the so-called bonus marchers to evacuate certain buildings which they are occupying without permission. These buildings are on sites where Government construction is in progress and their demolition was necessary in order to extend employment in the District... "This morning the occupants of these buildings were notified to evacuate and at the request of the police did evacuate the buildings concerned. Thereafter, however, several thousand men from different camps marched in and attacked the police... "I have received the attached letter from the Commissioners of the District of Columbia stating that they can no longer preserve law and order in the District. "In order to put an end to this rioting and defiance of civil authority, I have asked the Army to assist the District authorities to restore order. "Congress made provision for the return home of the so-called bonus marchers....Some 5,000 took advantage of this arrangement and have returned to their homes. An examination of a large number of names discloses the fact that a considerable part of those remaining are not veterans; many are communists and persons with criminal records..."</p><p>Document D: Fleta Campbell Springer, in Harper's Monthly Magazine, Nov., 1932 "The veterans were so orderly, so quiet, so well-governed without government that the city was amazed by it... "The small group of Communist veterans...at no time mustered more than 210 men for their demonstrations....And the loyal veterans...expended all their latent energy against these Reds. Their own 'military police', armed with sticks instead of guns, were constantly on the watch. They ran out the Reds. They took radical speechmakers to the District line, and beat them up. The radicals came back."</p><p>Document E: Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Great Depression, 1952 "Through government agencies we obtained the names of upwards of 2,000...and found that less than a third of them had ever served in the armies, and that over 900 on the basis of the sampling were ex-convicts and Communists.... "On July 28th the Treasury officials, through the police, requested [the] marchers to move to other quarters. Whereupon more than 1,000 of the disturbers marched from camps outside of the city armed with clubs and made an organized attack upon the police. In the melee Police Commissioner Glassford failed to organize his men. Several were surrounded by the mob and beaten up; two policemen, beaten to the ground, fired to protect their lives and killed two marchers. Many policemen were injured... "Without firing a shot or injuring a single person, [the Army] cleaned up the situation. Certain of my directions to the Secretary of War, however, were not carried out. Those directions limited action to seeing to it the disturbing factions returned to their camps outside the business district. I did not wish them driven from their camps, as I proposed the next day we would surround the camps and determine more accurately the number of Communists and ex-convicts among the marchers. Our military officers, however, having them on the move, pushed them outside the District of Columbia.</p><p>Document F: Editorial, The New Republic, Aug. 10, 1932 "The orders which sent the soldiers to Anacostia, routing men, women and children out of bed, drenching them with tear gas, ruthlessly burning their poor shelters and whatever personal property they could not carry upon their backs, then driving all of them, cripples, babies, pregnant women, up a steep hill at the point of a bayonet -- these were the orders of a furious child who has been thwarted and is raging for revenge. It is profoundly humiliating to every decent American that he must see his government thus persecuting and stealing from these hungry and ragged men whom, fourteen years ago, it did not hesitate to send into the trenches at the risk of death.</p><p>Document G: John H. Bartlett, The Bonus March and the New Deal, 1937 "None of [the veterans] were harming anybody where they were. They were absolutely penniless, ragged, hungry, and sick. "Those who were hesitating to go, confused and bewildered, simply did not know where to go or what to do... "Police on the second day [July 29] also staged an unprecedented round-up of park sitters. Many who had not been identified with the bonus army were caught in the drive. Police patrols...ran, in a steady stream, to Judiciary Square, which a police cordon had transformed into a human corral. There all who could not establish definite means of support were reloaded into cars and taken to the district line where they were again transferred into trucks and whisked away and dumped. A police count showed 502 poor people, none criminals, had been evicted in this second campaign."</p><p>Document H: Douglas MacArthur, Reminiscences, 1964 "For two fruitless months the [bonus marchers] lived in abject squalor making their daily marches to the Capitol...where they hoped to loosen the purse strings of government. In the end, their frustration, combined with careful needling by the Communists, turned them into a sullen, riotous mob. "The [bonus march] was actually far deeper and more dangerous than an effort to secure funds from a nearly depleted federal treasury. The American Communist Party planned a riot of such proportions that it was hoped the United States Army, in its efforts to maintain peace, would have to fire on the marchers. In this way, the Communists hoped to incite revolutionary action. Red organizers infiltrated the veteran groups and presently took command from their unwitting leaders... "On July 28...a mob of 5000 strong began to move up Pennsylvania Avenue toward the Treasury Building and the White House. The police were outnumbered five to one....Two men were killed and a score or more badly injured. It was evident that the situation had gotten beyond the control of the local authorities. "Not a shot was fired [by the federal troops]. The sticks, clubs and stones of the rioters were met only by tear gas and steady pressure....At Anacostia Flats I received word from the Secretary of War, as we were in the midst of crossing the river, to suspend the operation at my discretion. I halted the command as soon as we had cleared the bridge, but at that moment the rioters set fire to their own camp."</p><p>Document I: The New York Times, July 29, 1932 "The story of the bonus riots in brief facts and figures... Killed, 1 veteran Injured, 55, 5 seriously Tear gas victims, 20 Arrests, 135 Still held, 55, mostly veterans, including 36 radicals for immigration authorities, 10 for technical investigation, 9 for disorderly conduct, and 1 for inciting a riot.</p><p>Document J: The New York Times, July 31, 1932 "The police today ejected from the District [of Columbia] twenty-eight of the forty-three radicals arrested yesterday in a raid on a meeting. "The released men, against whom no charges could be placed, were escorted to the Maryland line, where State troopers loaded them in trucks for Pennsylvania." Supporting the Bonus Marchers</p><p>Rubric - Making a Flyer Name: </p><p>Criteria Exceeds Meets Almost meets Below Expectations expectations expectations expectations 5 pts. 4 pts. 3 pts. 2 pts. Directions Followed all Almost One or more Many items (See below) directions followed items missing. missing and/or exactly. directions. late. Layout Extremely neat Neat and easy Somewhat Very difficult to and easy to to read. difficult to read. read. read. Illustration Adds to the Good but does Has nothing to None included. understanding not add much do with the of the text. meaning to the text. text. Grammar & Flyer contains Flyer contains Flyer contains Flyer contains Conventions no errors. one error. two or three four or more errors. errors.</p><p>Content Clearly explains Explains why Explains either Does not why people people should why or how explain why or should support support the people should how people the Bonus Bonus support the should support Marchers. Marchers. Bonus the Bonus Marchers. Marchers. Criteria Scores Total Points Directions: Your assignment is to create a flyer that will persuade the reader to support the Bonus Marchers. Use the information that you read in the documents to help you in designer your flyer. Items that you need to include: 1. Images (this can be of the marchers, camps, protests, military, etc.) 2. a catchy headline 3. text-this is where you are explaining why the reader should support the Bonus Marchers in Washington, DC 4. Scoring: 20 = 100 16 = 80 19 = 95 15 = 75 18 = 90 14 = 70 17 = 85 13 = 65</p>