<p>Name ______Date ______</p><p>Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics</p><p>Section 11-1: The Work of Gregor Mendel 1. Define genetics.</p><p>2. Discuss why Gregor Mendel used peas as his model organisms for his genetic studies.</p><p>3. What does it mean to be a fertilization ?</p><p>4. How did Mendel control the self-pollination of the pea plants?</p><p>5. A trait is a:</p><p>6. What is a hybrid?</p><p>7. What is the P generation______The F1 generation______</p><p>8. What happened each time Mendel cross plants pure for contrasting traits?</p><p>9. Define what a gene is.</p><p>10. An allele is: 11. Mendel’s two conclusions as a result of his experiments were: 1.</p><p>2.</p><p>12. When will the recessive trait be observed in an individual?</p><p>13. What happened when Mendel crossed 2 offspring from his F1 looking at figure 11-4 </p><p>14. Looking at figure 11-5 and the reading, explain what segregation is.</p><p>Section 11-2: Applying Mendel’s Principles 15. How does probability come into play in the study of genetics?</p><p>16. What does it mean to be homozygous for a trait? Heterozygous? </p><p>17. Define phenotype and genotype.</p><p>18. What is a Punnett square?</p><p>19. In pea plants, tall stem is dominant over short stems. If T = Tall stems and t = short stems, use a Punnett square to show the F1 cross from#14 (look at figure 11-8) 20. What does the above Punnett square show about the possible gametes formed as a result of this cross?</p><p>21. What are the two possible phenotypes for the Punnett square shown in #19?</p><p>22. What is the probability (out of 4) of getting a tall plant from the cross in #19?</p><p>23. What are the 3 possible genotypes for the cross in #19?</p><p>25. Out of 4, how many could be each of the 3 genotypes?</p><p>______TT: ______Tt : ______tt</p><p>26. For the tall and short stem traits, using the same symbols, what would a: a. homozygous dominant genotype look like? ______b. Homozygous recessive genotype ______c. Heterozygous genotype ______d. What is another term for heterozygous? ______</p><p>27. Let’s try some problems: If a plant is pure for green pea pods (GG) is crossed with another plant, hybrid for green pea pods (Gg): a. Construct a Punnett square to show the cross.</p><p> b. Figure out the Phenotype ratio (how many will be green to how many will be yellow)</p><p> c. Figure out the Genotype ratio (how many GG, Gg or gg can occur)</p><p>28. Do another problem but this time, cross a heterozygous (Gg) green with a homozygous recessive (gg) plant. a. Punnett square of the cross:</p><p> b. Phenotype ratio c. Genotype ratio</p><p>29. Did Mendel find that the gene that determines seed shape has anything to do with how seed color is inherited?</p><p>30. Let R = Round seeds, r = wrinkled seeds Y = Yellow seeds, y = green seeds What would a homozygous round, yellow seed genotype look like? ______What would a homozygous wrinkled, green seed genotype look like? ______</p><p>31. As a result of a cross between the above plants, what would the F1 genotype be? (figure 11-9).</p><p>32. What kind of cross did you just do? ______cross.</p><p>33. FOIL RrYy and get the 4 possible gene combinations that may result from meiosis.</p><p>34. Do an F1 cross of 2 offspring from #31. (figure 11-10)</p><p>34. What is the probability of getting the 4 different phenotypes? </p><p>35. Explain Mendel’s law of Independent assortment.</p>