source SCHOLARSHIP FOR LEARNING. SCHOLARSHIP FOR LIFE. program & proceedings m of posiu univ ym er s si ty r e s e a r c h a n d c r e a t i v e e x p r e s s i o n . Thursday, May 21, 2015 source 2015 PROGRAM AND PROCEEDINGS SYMPOSIUM OF UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND CREATIVE EXPRESSION (SOURCE) 20TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE MAY 21, 2015 rating 20 years celeb OF EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH, SCHOLARSHIP, AND CREATIVE ACTIVITIES CENTRAL WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SPONSORED BY School of Graduate Studies and Research Student & Activities Fees Office of the Provost College of Arts and Humanities College of Business College of Education and Professional Studies College of the Sciences James E. Brooks Library William O. Douglas Honors College Student Success The Wildcat Shop Copy Cat Shop Multimodal Education Center Office of Enrollment Management A SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR COMMUNITY SPONSORS The Boeing Company Washington State Opportunity Scholarship United Faculty of Central Domino’s Pizza Kittitas County Event Center source 2015 CONTENTS SOURCE 2015: Goals of the Symposium .......................................................................................... 4 President’s Welcome ....................................................................................................................... 5 Manastash 2015 Literary Arts Magazine Cover ............................................................................... 6 Museum of Culture & Environment ............................................................................................... 7 Sarah Spurgeon Gallery, Juried Undergraduate Student Art Exhibition (Exhibition has been extended for SOURCE Attendees – Ends Thursday, May )21 .......................... 8 Map of CWU Campus ...................................................................................................................... 9 Mezzanine Showcase: Research Opportunities and Support for Scholarship ............................... 10 Washington State Opportunity Scholarship .................................................................................. 11 Musical Welcome .......................................................................................................................... 12 Student Fashion Show ................................................................................................................... 12 Business Plan Competition ............................................................................................................ 12 Program Cover Design ................................................................................................................... 12 SOURCE 2015 Program at a Glance ............................................................................................... 13 Student Union and Recreation Center (SURC) Maps ..................................................................... 14 Oral Presentations and Creative Expression Schedule .................................................................. 17 Poster Presentation Schedule: University Centers ........................................................................ 29 Poster Presentations, Creative Works, and Constructed Objects Schedule .................................. 31 Abstracts (in alphabetical order by presenting author) ................................................................. 47 SOURCE 2015 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................ 206 SOURCE 2015 Recreation and Tourism Student Volunteers ....................................................... 207 2015 Student Business Plan Competition Judges ........................................................................ 208 SOURCE 2015 Judges and Session Chairs .................................................................................... 209 SOURCE 2015 This year, SOURCE celebrates the 20th year of annual multidisciplinary conferences dedicated to student scholarship at Central Washington University. SOURCE is the longest-running student symposium in Washington State. The goals of SOURCE are to: Celebrate the depth and diversity of scholarly inquiry and creative expression at Central Washington University. Offer students a professional forum in order to sharpen their presentation skills and communicate professional standards. Promote students’ professional development by providing evaluation and feedback on student presentations in accordance with rigorous professional expectations. Promote excellence in pedagogy by providing an opportunity for faculty to mentor students through all the steps involved in presenting their work, including creating a research idea, designing and conducting research, and developing and delivering a presentation. Create a sense of excitement about scholarship and promote life-long learning by encouraging people from within and outside the University to attend students’ presentations and learn about current developments across multiple academic disciplines. Foster partnerships between higher education, industry, government, and the local community by inviting representatives from diverse fields to partake in evaluating student presentations. Attract the attention of employers to the excellence of students at Central Washington University. Allow opportunities for further development of mentoring relationships and skills. Allow opportunities for further development of collaborative relationships and skills. Promote a sense of community and inclusivity by encouraging students from all disciplines to participate and by recognizing that, while facilitating students’ professional development is our priority, presentations by faculty and staff are welcome. Elevate student accomplishment and recognize the excellence of undergraduate and graduate research at Central Washington University. Recognize works of creative expression as valuable research activities with cultural significance alongside more traditional research. Promote entrepreneurial spirit by encouraging students to develop and exhibit their business plans. Educate the University, Town, and Region about the resources and work available through Central Washington University. 4 May 21, 2015 On behalf of everyone at Central Washington University, I extend my personal welcome to the university’s Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE), which is our largest, multidisciplinary event. This year marks a significant milestone for SOURCE, which was first held 20 years ago. That event showcased the work of 23 undergraduate students. This is our emerald-anniversary SOURCE, which is the longest running university-associated student sympo- sium in Washington State. With almost 350 presentations scheduled this year, SOURCE gives us an opportunity to celebrate the tremendous quality, quantity, and diversity of research, scholarship, and creative achieve- ments produced by our undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, staff, and alumni. But SOURCE is unique from other research symposia in that it also includes local and regional community members, along with area elementary, middle, high school, and Running Start stu- dents, who are able to take advantage of this rare opportunity to present their scholarly work. We welcome all those who embody CWU’s tag line of Learn, Do, Live. During the course of the last 20 years, SOURCE has relied upon our faculty and staff to mentor students in research, scholarship, and creative projects; the students who commit their time, energy, and intellectual curiosity to their projects; and the dedicated university personnel and student volunteers who work tirelessly behind the scenes. We are also grateful to local and re- gional community members who offer their invaluable professional feedback to our presenters. As in past years, SOURCE 2015 has received key contributions from administrators, notably our Provost and Vice-President for Academic and Student Life Marilyn Levine; faculty; staff members and other volunteers; and students in CWU’s event planning program, who have selflessly pro- vided their time and expertise. SOURCE would also not be possible without generous financial contributions from university academic and administrative units, individuals, and corporate and community sponsors. This year’s SOURCE committee, chaired by Kara Gabriel, associate professor of psychology, can be justifiably proud of its efforts. It is through all of these contributions that SOURCE is generally regarded as among the state’s premier events of its kind. Again, welcome to SOURCE. It is truly a community endeavor of which we can—and should—all take great pride. Sincerely, James L. Gaudino, PhD President 5 Journal of Writing and Art Manastash 2015 Manastash Manastash Manastash is an annual journal of writing and art, highlighting the best creative works of Central Washington University students. All writing, poetry, art, selecting, editing, and producing is student work. Content is solicited every fall quarter. During winter quarter, the Manastash editing class sifts through hundreds of submissions, reading and choosing the works that demonstrate the greatest craft and imagination of the CWU student body, in Ellensburg and beyond. In spring quarter, the Manastash production class organizes and formats this material, forming a printed edition. The journal is housed in the English Department and has been published annually for more than 40 years. Lisa Norris is the current coordinator for the on campus Professional and Creative Writing Program.