<p>Administrative Culture: Socialization and Bureaucratic Behavior</p><p>I. Persons of the Week: Osborne and Gabler and Armstrong</p><p>II. Golden Oldies</p><p>III. Literary Map</p><p>IV. The Grand Synthesis</p><p>V. The Concept of political and Administrative Culture- A mixture of elite and mass culture</p><p>1. Three components of Culture:</p><p> a. Values</p><p> b. Beliefs</p><p> c. Emotions 2. Thesis- These can predict political behavior</p><p>3. Culture limits the action of citizens and administrators, channels demands and excludes certain possible policy options</p><p>4. The Concept:</p><p> a. People are tied to a unique web of historical experiences</p><p> b. Assumption: From the general culture one can extract out the salient aspects of that culture that relate to political behavior and administrative traditions</p><p> c. Organizational Culture is a sub-set of broader cultural assumptions</p><p> d. In looking for evidence of a political or an administrative culture we are looking for a set of representative values for the people of that society 1. Many cultures: regional, administrative, ethnic, professional, etc. including hierarchy of values</p><p>2. These are effected by historical origin, race, gender, education, region, etc. d. Three dimensions of Culture:</p><p>1. Cognitive Dimension- What people know.</p><p> a. The set of historical and cultural information to which any native of the society is automatically tuned in</p><p> b. All societies have their peculiarities which are part of their political culture</p><p>2. The Evaluative Dimension- Not the is but the what ought to be a. What is good and bad</p><p> b. U.S.- Military service good, welfare cheaters bad</p><p>3. The Emotive Dimension- The emotional attachment that people have to their political system</p><p> a. Symbolism and myth, anthems and flags</p><p> b. Provides the strength of values</p><p> c. Nationalism- “My country right or wrong”</p><p>VI. Socialization</p><p>1. Process by which political attitudes are formed and maintained 2. Acquisition of values, beliefs, and knowledge about the political system on both the individual and community level</p><p>3. Cultural transmission across generations- the introduction of new generations to the beliefs and values of the old</p><p>4. Can be a conscious or an unconscious effort- as to how attitudes towards policy are formed</p><p> a. Issue of Cultural Engineering- Ideological and explicit</p><p>=Revolutionary and Developmental Societies </p><p>=Ideological and explicit</p><p> b. U.S. and Western Europe- mostly indirect (Instrumental and implicit)</p><p>=often hidden within a pragmatic, fairly loose value system 5. Socialization: Mass vs. elite (vs. Organizational) socialization</p><p> a. Primary- Most important: occurs within the family</p><p> b. Secondary- Everything else before adulthood, school, peers, national and regional- it is here that cultural engineering occurs</p><p> c. Tertiary- Professional and Organizational- Begins with University. Issue how specialization of bureaucratic elites is related to socialization and education</p><p>6. Things Learned: May be cognitive, evaluative or emotional</p><p> a. Vague Patriotic image- eg. U.S. paternal- President as "super-friend" and father image (shattered by Watergate and post-Watergate- See Woodward Book Shadows) b. Societal and community definitions</p><p> c. Personal identification with government</p><p>Discussion: John Armstrong- The European Administrative Elite</p><p> Asynchronous Comparison</p><p> Status, Role Theory and Counter-Roles</p><p> Socialization and the Diffusion of Development Doctrines</p><p> The Prefect as Territorial Administrator and role in Development Intervention. VII. Assumption: Political, Administrative Culture and Socialization have a major impact on organizational behavior.</p><p>VIII. Values and Motivation</p><p>1. Theory X vs. Theory Y</p><p>2. Maslov’s Hierarchy: Basic needs, social needs and ego needs</p><p>3. Application of Theories of Motivation outside the U.S. Case Study (China, Korea, South Africa and Brazil)</p><p>4. The Special problem of Collapsed states.</p>