<p>Text 1</p><p>Robert Southwell entered the Jesuit Order of the Catholic Church when he was a young man. The Jesuits were integral to the Counter Reformation, preaching obedience to the Church and Church doctrine. The founder, St. Ignatius, once wrote that “ I will believe that the white that I see is black if the hierarchical Church so defines it." </p><p>In Elizabeth’s England, however, the Jesuits were subversive of secular authority. The Catholic Mary Queen of Scots, who claimed the throne, was held by Elizabeth since she abdicated the Scottish throne in 1567, and for 18 years she became the focus of numerous plots to restore the Catholic Church in England.</p><p>Elizabeth, shaken by intrigues, supported an act forbidding any of her English-born subjects who had entered into priests' orders in the Catholic Church since her accession, to remain in England longer than forty days on pain of death[. But in 1586, Southwell returned to England to fulfill his duties as a priest.</p><p>Text 2</p><p>This problem does not involve super fancy mathematics. Instead, it involves ways to employ fairly simple mathematics in creative ways. The problem tells us that the column is 100 meters long, and it’s moving with some velocity (let’s say to the right) We have to be abstract here, as we are not given the velocity. The officer starts at the back of the column. While the whole column is going forward at the velocity v, the officer rides to the front, turns around immediately, then rides to the back. So the problem wants to know how far the column moved before the rider reached the back of the column.</p><p>So how fast is the rider going? The problem tells us that he is going 3x as fast as the column. So we’ll indicate his velocity as 3v. </p>