<p>Biology First Quarter Test Study Guide</p><p>Introduction to Biology Unicellular vs. Multicelluar Organisms Characteristics of Living Things (Cells, Homeostasis, Organization, Reproduction, Energy Use, Growth/Development) Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs DNA Hypothesis vs. Observation vs. Inference Control vs. Experimental Groups Independent vs. Dependent Variables Reading Graphs/Data Tables/Diagrams/Charts Total Power of Magnification of a Microscope (Ocular X Objective)</p><p>Basic Chemistry Atom Structure (Protons, Neutrons, Electrons) Covalent vs. Ionic Bonding Acids vs. Bases Characteristics of Water (Polarity, Hydrogen Bonding, Cohesion, Adhesion, Temperature Moderation)</p><p>Organic Chemistry Monomers vs. Polymers vs. Macromolecules Examples of Carbohydrates Monomers of Carbohydrates Function of Carbohydrates Examples of Proteins Monomers of Proteins Function of Proteins Characteristics of Enzymes (Reusable, Catalysts, Lower Activation Energy, Specific Substrate, Specific Structure, Lock and Key Model, Denaturing) Examples of Lipids Monomers of Lipids Function of Lipids Examples of Nucleic Acids Monomers of Nucleic Acids Function of Nucleic Acids Benedict’s Solution Biuret Reagent Iodine (Lugol’s Solution) Brown Paper Test</p><p>Ecology Global Warming/Climate Change/Greenhouse Effect Ozone Depletion Pesticide Use Levels of Ecological Organization (Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism) Biotic vs. Abiotic Factors Habitat vs. Niche Human Population Growth Exponential Growth Ecology Continued Logistic Growth Carrying Capacity Limiting Factors Density-independent Factor Density-dependent Factors Predation Mimicry Symbiotic Relationships (Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism) Producers Consumers Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Trophic Level Pyramids Food Chains Food Webs Primary (first order), Secondary (second order), Tertiary (third order), Quaternary (fourth order) Consumers Rule of 10% = 1/10 = .1 Water Cycle (Transpiration especially) Carbon Cycle (as related to Global Warming)</p><p>Cell Biology Hooke Leeuwenhoek Cell Theory All cells have…. Prokaryotic Cells vs. Eukaryotic Cells Plants Cells vs. Animal Cells Cell Membrane Structure and Function Cytoplasm Mitochondria Structure and Function Ribosome Structure and Function Nucleus Structure and Function Cell Wall Structure and Function Vacuoles (especially in plant cells) Chloroplast Structure and Function Levels of Cellular Organization (Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms) Cell Diagrams</p><p>Attention Students: After studying the topics listed on this study guide, you should study all of your notes/worksheets/handouts/returned work and review the sections of your textbook that pertain to these topics. It is a good idea to spend some time looking at the diagrams, graphs, charts, etc. in your blue biology textbook to practice interpreting the information found there. </p>