Professional Disc for DATA Blue Laser Recording Technology for High-Density Archival Storage Michael Hall Sony Electronics Inc, 1 Overlook Dr, Bldg B-6, Amherst NH 03031-2800 Phone: +1-603-672-5483, FAX: +1-603-672-5495 e-mail: [email protected] Presented at the THIC Meeting at the Raytheon ITS Auditorium 1616 McCormick Drive, Upper Marlboro MD 20774-5301 October 26-27, 2004 Professional Disc for DATA BlueBlue LaserLaser RecordingRecording TechnologyTechnology forfor HighHigh--DensityDensity ArchivalArchival StorageStorage THIC meeting October 26th-27th Mike Hall Sony Electronics Business Development Manager Component Solution Business Division Hiroyuki Takemoto Sony Electronics Marketing Manager Media Recording Division Professional Disc for DATA Presentation Outline Optical Storage Revolution Long-Term Archive Best Practices Professional Disc for DATA Technology Overview OSTA and GIPWoG organizations Q&A Anytime! Professional Disc for DATA The Optical Storage Revolution 120mm recordable media consumption exceeds 15 billion a year Many companies are supporting 120mm blue laser technology Blu-ray Alliance Companies Blu-ray Specifications ¾ Dell ¾ 2 hrs digital HD video ¾ Hitachi, Ltd. ¾ 13 hrs standard broadcast ¾ HP ¾ 405nm (blue-violet laser) ¾ LG Electronics Inc. ¾ Matsushita Electric Ind. ¾ 0.85 NA lens Co., Ltd. ¾ Phase change recording ¾ Pioneer Corporation ¾ 120mm CD/DVD size disc ¾ Royal Philips Electronics ¾ Single sided, single layer ¾ Samsung Electronics ¾ Sharp Corporation ¾ Protective disc cartridge ¾ Sony Corporation ¾ Thomson Multimedia Professional Disc for DATA Sony’s Blue Laser Products Blu-ray Disc Professional Disc Professional Disc for DATA Data Storage Pro Home AV Data Storage Pro Consumer PC Broadcast Home AV Consumer PC Broadcast Blu-ray set-top video Sony Professional Professional data PC Blu-ray recorder for home storage products cameras and video BD-IT consumer market. editing products for IT Professional Disc for DATA Long-Term Archiving Best Practices ¾ Optical - The predominate technology over the past 2 decades for long term archive and regulatory industry compliance. ¾ MO and CD/DVD have demonstrated over 15 years of information continuity, investment protection, and are still viable choices for new long term archive applications. ¾ Serial ATA (SATA) RAID popularity is causing records that should be archived to remain on disk. ¾ The Consequences: ¾ Requires investment in additional backup hardware and software to manage growing backup overhead ¾ RAID provides redundancy, but 2 drive failures = catastrophe. ¾ Some users actually purchase a second SATA RAID to be safe ¾ Technology savvy SATA RAID companies will not use drives from the same manufacturing lot to avoid dual drive failures in the RAID. ¾ What do you do when you can not get a replacement drive in a few years to replace the failed units….? Migrate your data. ¾ Tape has appealing price, but the incremental cost to maintain tape archives should be taken into consideration. ¾ Proper archive implementation can avoid these issues and risks Professional Disc for DATA Maintaining Trustworthy Records and Avoiding Costly Migration ¾ “Using a storage medium that reduces or eliminates the need for migration of the records during the full retention period reduces the risk that the integrity of the electronic records would be challenged” ¾ Source: Cohasset Associates white paper, Trustworthy Storage and Management of Electronic Records ¾ Reducing or eliminating migration provides considerable cost savings. ¾ Optical’s media removability and compatibility to future generation drives allows the “original” information to stay intact, maintaining the accuracy, reliability, and trustworthiness of electronic records. ¾ Optical has become the defacto “gold standard” for WORM and long term archive requirements ¾ Even RAID companies acknowledge the “authenticity” attributes of optical WORM as a comparison benchmark Professional Disc for DATA Optimum Archive Storage Solution RAID >>>>> OPTICAL STORAGE and/or TAPE Professional Disc for DATA Blue Laser Technology Introduction The Professional Disc for DATA developed by Sony supports recording, rewriting, and playing back of up to 23.3 gigabytes (GB) of data on a single- sided, single-layer 120mm disc, the size of a standard DVDs. What makes this possible is the use blue-violet laser technology. 1.Short wavelength 405nm (Blue-Violet laser) 2.Field lens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.85 These optical parameters make the spot size of laser beam small, which is a requirement for accurate tracking on the Professional Disc for DATA. Disc total thickness 1.2mm Disc Substrate(1.1mm) Recording layer Cover layer (0.1mm) Protect layer(0.15um) Groove Minimum mark size 0.16um Land Track pitch 0.32um NA:0.85 Wavelength:405nm Professional Disc for DATA Recording Mark of Phase Change CD-RW DVD±RW ProDATA Wavelength : 780 nm Wavelength : 650 nm Wavelength : 405 nm NA : 0.45 NA : 0.60 NA : 0.85 Cover Layer Cover Layer * Cover Layer 1.2mm 0.6mm 0.1mm 1μm 1μm 1μm 650MB 4.7GB 23.3GB * 0.1mm cover layer reduces spherical aberration, improves tilt tolerance Professional Disc for DATA Professional Disc for DATA SpecificationsSpecifications Capacity: 23.3GB (Single sided) Transfer Rate Write: 9.0 MB/s Read: 11 MB/s Sector Size: 2,048Bytes & 512Bytes emulation Seek Time: 110 msec(1/3 stroke) CAV 280 msec(1/3 stroke) CLV Load/Eject Time 6.0/3.5 sec Buffer Memory 16MB Rewrite Cycles 10,000 (Direct Overwrite Technology) Read Cycles 1,000,000 MSBF: 300,000 Swaps MTBF: 100,000 POH Power Consumption: 14W I/F: SCSI LVD160 and USB 2.0 Media: WORM and Rewritable Estimated Archival Life 50 years Professional Disc for DATA First 120mm Blue Laser Optical Peripheral forfor DataData StorageStorage Professional Disc for DATA Phase Change Principle (Recording) Recoding layer temperature Crystalline phase Melting point (～600℃) level Crystallization point ergy n (～400℃) With a medium-power, the recording material E heats and cools more gradually al Change to Change to Intern Crystalline amorphousPlaybackPlayback Amorphous phase Disc Substrate Cover Layer Laser When heated by a high-power laser beam, High Power Higher Power Low Power the recording material melts and rapidly cools. Write Power (~6mW) Erase Power Amorphous (~3mW) Read Power Recoding (~0.3mW) Crystalline ser power mark La Professional Disc for DATA Phase Change Principle (Playback) Crystalline Amorphous Phase change A low-power laser is used for playback. The amount of reflected light depends on the status (amorphous or crystalline) of the recording material. This is detected by an optical sensor. High reflection Low reflection coefficient coefficient Recording layer structure Dielectric layer Recording layer (Phase change material) Dielectric layer Reflective layer Playback signal Professional Disc for DATA Extremely Accurate Groove Molding Wobble Groove : 【Accurate laser cutting system】 Address information is put in disc by making groove meander Deep UV Laser (λ=266nm) Cutting System 【Professional Disc for DATA 】 【DVD+RW Format】 Professional Disc for DATA Stamper 【Accurate molding system 】 Stamper Track Pitch 320nm Track Pitch 740nm Substrate resin Track Pitch & Accuracy cf. (DVD+RW ; 740±20nm) 320±5nm Disc substrate Professional Disc for DATA Cover Layer Uniformity Thickness distribution Cover layer 0.1mm ] 105 m 104 NA : 0.85 [u λ : 405 nm 103 102 101 Coma 3 ∝ NA ・ Thickness 100 aberrationaberration λ 99 98 97 96 Real ability of cover layer Cover Layer thickness 95 thickness 20 30 40 50 60 Disc Radius [mm] ±0.5um Professional Disc for DATA Robust Disc Substrate ） sc Sudden change temperature and humidity Hygroscopic 0.25 0.2 n of the di o ati 0.15 n 0.1 The incli 0.05 （ time Current resin（CD,DVD）Sony Professional Disc for DATA Tilt Maximum variation volume Maximum variation volume 25℃90% -> 25℃45% 20℃50% -> 55℃10% [°] [°] 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 Current resin（CD,DVD）Sony Professional Current resin（CD,DVD）Sony Professional Disc for DATA Disc for DATA Professional Disc for DATA Accurate Recording Layer Ar Gas Ar Cathode Cathode Dielectric Target Target layer e- e- e- Recoding Ar+Ar+ Ar+Ar+ layer Ar+Ar+ Substrate Dielectric plasma layer Reflective layer The material which clashes ions to the target and which is expelled is made to accumulate on the disc substrate. Substrate Sputter Accurate recording layer thickness ± 1nm Professional Disc for DATA Excellent Overwrite Durability Error rate 1.E-02 1.E-03 Error Correction Criteria 1.E-04 Erase/write/read cycles (times) 1.E-05 ≧10000@23℃50%RH 1.E-06 channel bit error rate 1.E-07 0 1 10 100 1000 10000 bER Overwrite Cycles 1,000回 10,000回 ＲＦ 1st cycle 1000 cycles 10000 cycles signal Professional Disc for DATA Read Cycle Stability Error rate (continuous read) Read cycle acceleration test 1.E-02 1.E+10 1.E+09 1.E-03 Error Correction Criteria 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E-04 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E-05 Read cycle 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E-06 channel-bit error rate 1.E+02 Drive read power 1.E-07 1.E+01 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1/ReadPower Read cycle bER Read cycles (times) ≧1,000,000 Professional Disc for DATA Media Life Acceleration Test Humidity50% Criteria (Symbol 4.2*10-3) Humidity85% 60℃85% 70℃85% C 80℃85% B Estimated life A Error rate A B C Time 80℃ 70℃ 60℃ 23℃ a reciprocal of temperature （room） “end-of-life” Estimated life “end-of life” are measured in three conditions. approximate linear line means “ Arrhenius equation: 1)60℃85%RH Ln(tc) = Ln(A) + (⊿H/k)×(1/T)”. 2)70℃85%RH 3)80℃85%RH Temperature is made a parameter. Professional Disc for DATA Estimated Life Estimated life acceleration test （an interim report ） 1.E+07 Estimated life ≧50years@23℃50%RH 1.E+06 50 years 60℃ me(h) i 1.E+05 23℃ 70℃ 1.E+04 Life End T 80℃ 1.E+03 1.E+02 0.0028 0.0029 0.003 0.0031 0.0032 0.0033 0.0034 1/T(1/K) a reciprocal of humidity ＊This graph is preliminary report.