<p>Supplemental Table 1</p><p>Severe Neurological and Behavioural Sequelae following Cerebral Malaria in Ugandan children</p><p>ID No. Age on Gender Time from Risk factors for Time from Types of sequelae observed Changes on Comments </p><p> exposure, exposure to poor outcome discharge to EEG</p><p> months attending sequelae</p><p> clinic, months 1 24 Male 1 Status Immediate. 1. Quadriparesis with inability N/A Lost to follow up. epilepticus Discharged with to feed self</p><p> multiple deficits. 2. Severe cognitive impairment</p><p>3. Loss of hearing</p><p>4. Loss of speech</p><p>5. Blindness 2 30 Male 18 Severe anaemia Immediate. 1. Loss of speech Sleep EEG Recovered vision. Status Discharged with 2. Severe visual impairment – shows epileptic epilepticus multiple deficits. only able to perceive light discharges </p><p>3. Quadriparesis from both </p><p>4. Severe cognitive impairment temporal lobes.</p><p> with loss of toilet control. Left focus has </p><p>5. Behaviour problems with tendency to </p><p> hyperactivity, aggression generalization</p><p> impulsiveness. </p><p>6. Focal epilepsy initially had </p><p> non convulsive seizures </p><p>(startles) 3 72 Male 7 Status Immediate. 1. Blindness EEG testing Vision improved over 7 epilepticus Discharged with 2. Severe hearing impairment not done. months. Deep and prolonged multiple deficits. 3. Loss of speech Refractory seizures coma 4. Chorea despite anticonvulsants. 1 5. Generalized tonic clonic </p><p> epilepsy </p><p>6. Hyperactivity and short </p><p> attention span 4 23 Female 1 Status Immediate. 1. Quadriparesis N/A No improvement epilepticus Discharged with 2. Loss of speech Deep and prolonged multiple deficits. 3. Impaired hearing coma 4. Severe cognitive </p><p> impairment, loss of social </p><p> skills including independent </p><p> feeding and toilet training 5 30 Male 1 Not reported Immediate. 1. Quadriparesis N/A Later, a diagnosis of </p><p>Discharged with 2. Severe visual impairment ADHD was made. </p><p> multiple deficits. 3. Disordered breathing and </p><p> drooling</p><p>4. Severe hyperactivity 6 17 Female 0.75 Not reported Immediate. 1. Loss of hearing Low amplitude Seizure activity </p><p>Discharged with 2. Blindness activity. No associated with sudden </p><p> multiple deficits. 3. Quadriplegia epileptiform onset of limb movements</p><p>4. Choreoathetosis discharges. followed by deep guttural</p><p>5. Severe cognitive impairment sounds. </p><p>6. Epilepsy 7 46 Female 4 Deep and Immediate. 1. Loss of speech N/A Developed severe prolonged Discharged with 2. Loss of hearing choreoathrtoid movement</p><p> multiple deficits. 3. Blindness disorder with fluctuating </p><p>4. Alternating limb tone and tone 1 month after </p><p> choreoathetosis exposure. </p><p>5. Severe cognitive impairment 8 11 Female 1 Not reported Immediate. 1. Blindness N/A . Blindness resolved.</p><p>Discharged with 2. Loss of hearing</p><p> multiple deficits. 3. Movement disorder 9 5 Male 25 Hypoglycaemia Immediate. 1. Loss of speech Diffuse Only minimal 2 Deep coma Discharged with 2. Quadriparesis epileptiform improvement in motor Status multiple deficits. 3. Epilepsy discharges function epilepticus 10 24 Male 4 years 4 years EEG testing On treatment with Status 1. Epilepsy. Doing very well in epilepticus not done. Phenobarbitone. School (most recent position</p><p> in class, 1st out of 49). 11 40 Male 1 month Status Immediate. 1. Loss of speech Mild diffuse On treatment with epilepticus Discharged with 2. Severe hearing impairment epileptiform Phenobarbitone and has </p><p> multiple deficits 3. Epilepsy activity with no hearing aids. </p><p>4. Severe cognitive impairment focus. 12 17 Male 4 months Severe anaemia Immediate. 1. Blindness N/A Regained sight over 6 Hypoglycaemia Discharged with 2. Hearing loss weeks and had partial Refractory status multiple deficits 3. Loss of speech improvement in hearing epilepticus 4. Left sided hemiplegia (worst over 7 weeks. Difficulty in</p><p> in upper limbs) chewing.</p><p>5. Hyperactive and short </p><p> attention span 13 23 Male 5 months 1. Prolonged Some 1. Epilepsy Mild diffuse Seizures controlled with coma immediate 2. Progressively worsening epileptiform carbamazepine. </p><p> others 2 months behaviour problems activity Aggressiveness and </p><p>(inattentive, hyperactive and hyperactivity are major </p><p> aggressive) problems.</p><p>3. Un-coordinated speech 14 31 Male 4 Status Immediate. 1. Blindness Diffuse slow Initially on Phenobarbital epilepticus mo Discharged with 2. Loss of hearing background but withdrawn after Deep and prolonged multiple deficits. 3. Loss of speech and spike developing hyperactivity. coma 4. Intractable epilepsy wave Seizures failed to </p><p> discharges respond to 5. Behaviour problems similar to EEG carbamazepine and (excessive movements, in Lennox sodium valproate. Both aggression, shouting, Gastaut seizures and removes clothing) epilepsy hyperactivity reduced on 3 clonazepam. 15 30 Male 0.75 (3 weeks) Not reported Immediate. 1. Quadriplegia with N/A Vision improved to </p><p>Discharged with Inability to sit unsupported perceiving light in 2 </p><p> multiple deficits. and had feeding problems months and near normal </p><p>2. Blindness in 6months. He was able </p><p>3. Loss of speech to walk alone within 5 </p><p>4. Impaired hearing months. </p><p>Incomprehensible </p><p> speech 6 months after </p><p> exposure. On regular </p><p> speech therapy. 16 30 Female 12 Status Immediate. 1. Epilepsy, multiple seizure Diffuse slow Poor seizure response to epilepticus Discharged with types, 10-15 seizures a day. waves and Phenobarbital. Improved </p><p> multiple deficits. 2. Quadriparesis focal on sodium valproate. </p><p>3. Severe cognitive impairment discharges </p><p> and regression in milestones over right </p><p> with severe seizures. posterior </p><p> temporal </p><p> region. 17 13 Female 3 Hypoglycaemia Some 1. Quadriparesis with inability N/A Vision started to improve </p><p> immediate to sit in 2 months and motor </p><p> others 1 month 2. Choreoathetoid movements deficits within 3 months.</p><p> later. 3. Blindness 18 24 Female 48 Prolonged Immediate. 1. Loss of speech EEG testing Epileptic seizures coma Discharged with 2. Severe behaviour problems not done. controlled with </p><p> multiple deficits. (destructive, excessive carbamazepine.</p><p> anger, injures self when </p><p> angry, hyperactive and in </p><p> attentive). Has periods when</p><p> she eats rubbish and runs </p><p> away from home. 4 3. Severe cognitive impairment</p><p> and learning disability</p><p>4. Epilepsy 19 25 Female 54 Multiple risk Immediate. 1. Incomprehensible speech N/A Regained vision after 1 factors Discharged with 2. Quadriplegia mo and walked 4 yrs </p><p> multiple deficits. 3. Severe cognitive impairment later. The behaviour </p><p> with loss of toilet control problems progressively </p><p>4. Blindness worsened over the 4 </p><p> years. Given haloperidol 5. Severe behaviour and and methylphenidate. psychiatric problems (biting, Lost only sibling to eats rubbish, chews cerebral malaria. Ten yr clothing, hyperactivity and in old cousin has severe attentiveness) sequelae after cerebral </p><p> malaria. 20 31 Male 78 Status Immediate. 1. Loss of speech EEG testing No family history of epilepticus Discharged with 2. Right sided hemiplegia with not done neurological disorders. </p><p>Prolonged multiple deficits. cranial nerves VI and VII Seizures frequency coma palsies reduced on </p><p>3. Secondarily generalized Phenobarbital but </p><p> epilepsy. behaviour problems </p><p>4. Self injurious behaviour, worsened. Phenobarbital </p><p>(bites himself), shouts and replaced with </p><p> makes noises. Carbamazepine.</p><p>5. Sleep disorder – poor sleep 21 17 Male 48 Status Immediate. 1. Blindness N/A Regained vision and epilepticus Discharged with 2. Loss of speech hearing 3 and ½ months </p><p>Hypoglycemia multiple deficits. 3. Impaired hearing after discharge. </p><p>Prolonged 4. Behaviour problems coma (hyperactive and short </p><p>5 attention span).</p><p>5. Left sided hemiplegia </p><p>6. Feeding difficulties. 22 49 Female 0.5 (2 weeks) Repeated focal One week. 1. Excessive anger and EEG testing Multiple family members seizures after episodes of excessive not done reporting febrile seizures. initial improvement happiness/laughter. Lost to follow up.</p><p>Probable gelastic seizures.</p><p>2. Aggressive behaviour 23 37 Female 12 Refractory Immediate. 1. Left sided hemiplegia and Generalized Seizures controlled and status Discharged with VII palsy. sharp waves patient improved on epilepticus multiple deficits. 2. Slurred speech with diffuse Carbamazepine. Prolonged coma 3. Ataxia epileptiform 4. Epilepsy 1 month after activity. No </p><p> discharge focus </p><p>5. Hyperactivity </p><p>6</p>