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November 2006TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGELESSON PLANSECTION I. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA 2SECTION II. INTRODUCTION 4 TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4SECTION III. PRESENTATION 4A. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1 4B. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2 12C. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE 3 15SECTION IV. SUMMARY SECTION V. STUDENT EVALUATION APPENDIXESA TRAINING AIDS INDEX A-1B TEST AND TEST SOLUTIONS B-1C PRACTICAL EXERCISES AND SOLUTIONS C-1D STUDENT HANDOUT D-1This LP supersedes all previous versions.1 November 2006SECTION I. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA1. TASKS TAUGHT OR SUPPORTED:TASK NUMBER TASK TITLE03-1402-00-1001 Plan a VFR Flight 03-1402-00-1002 Plan an IFR Flight2. TASK(S) REINFORCED:TASK NUMBER TASK TITLE3. ACADEMIC HOURS: PEACETIME MOBILIZATION HOURS/TYPE HOURS/TYPE 1.5/CO 1.5/CO 0.5/PE2 0.5/PE2 TEST 1.0 0.5 TEST REVIEW 1.0 1.0 TOTAL HOURS 4. LIST THE LESSON NUMBER IN WHICH THE TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE IS TESTED AND THE TEST RESULTS ARE REVIEWED:HOURS LESSON NUMBER TESTING: 1.0 EAO4 REVIEW OF TEST RESULT: 1.05. PREREQUISITE LESSONS:LESSON NUMBER LESSON TITLEN/A N/A6. CLEARANCE AND ACCESS: Unclassified; foreign students may attend this class.7. REFERENCES:ADDITIONAL NUMBER TITLE PAGES INFORMATIONFM 1-230 Meteorology for Army Aviators i thru N/A Index8. STUDENT STUDY ASSIGNMENTS: None.9. INSTRUCTOR REQUIREMENTS: One primary instructor.10. ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS: None.11. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR THE INSTRUCTION: One LCD projector, one screen, one computer.2 12. MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR THE INSTRUCTION:INSTRUCTOR MATERIALS: Lesson PlanSTUDENT MATERIALS: Student Handout13. CLASSROOM, TRAINING AREA, AND/OR RANGE REQUIREMENTS: One 40 person standard classroom.14. AMMUNITION REQUIREMENTS: None.15. INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDANCE: None.16. LESSON PLAN WRITTEN BY:NAME RANK POSITION DATE______PATRICK D. CUNNINGHAM CIV ACADEMIC INSTRUCTOR NOV 0617. LESSON PLAN REVIEWED BY:NAME RANK POSITION DATE______STEPHEN G. CROUCH CIV DIRECTOR OF ACADEMICS NOV 0618. PROPONENT RESIDENT LESSON PLAN APPROVAL:NAME RANK POSITION DATE______DONALD R. ROBERTS CIV COR NOV 0619. BRANCH SAFETY OFFICER APPROVAL: N/A.ANNUAL REVIEW______PRINTED NAME RANK POSITION DATE REVIEWED______PRINTED NAME RANK POSITION DATE REVIEWED______PRINTED NAME RANK POSITION DATE REVIEWED______PRINTED NAME RANK POSITION DATE REVIEWED______PRINTED NAME RANK POSITION DATE REVIEWED3 SECTION II. INTRODUCTIONMethod of Instruction: CO. Instructor to student ratio is: 1:40.Time of Instruction: MOTIVATOR: Use it, paraphrase it, or develop one of your own. Ensure the motivator gains attention, states the need for the training, and explains the Terminal Learning Objective (TLO).“Weather has an effect on Army aviation operations on a daily basis. In order to properly employ his/her aircraft, the aviator must understand weather.”NOTE: Inform the students of the following Terminal Learning Objective requirements.NOTE: Read, or have one of the students read, the TLO requirements.TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE (TLO): At the completion of this lesson, the student will:ACTION: Plan a flight mission IFR or VFR in accordance with weather conditions stated in FM 1-230 and AR 95-1.CONDITION: In a classroom environment.STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230.SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: None.RISK ASSESSMENT LEVEL: Low.ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: None.NOTE: Use it, paraphrase it, or develop one of your own. Ensure you include how, when, where, and length of test.EVALUATION: A written test will be given on training day 10. It will be administered in classroom #4, bldg 5301. It will last for one hour.NOTE: Use it, paraphrase it, or develop one of your own.INSTRUCTIONAL LEAD-IN: “Aviators must know how to interpret weather charts in order to plan aviation operations.”SECTION III. PRESENTATIONNOTE: Read, or have one of the students read, the Enabling Learning Objective requirements.A. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #1:ACTION: The student will interpret the information contained in a surface analysis chart.CONDITION: In a classroom environment and given a student handout.4 STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230.Learning Step/Activity 1 - Provide instruction to interpret information contained in a surface analysis chart.Method of Instruction: CO. Instructor to student ratio is: 1:40.Time of Instruction: 0020 minutes.Media: PowerPoint Slides 1 thru 28. a. Purpose.(1) Shows the location of pressure systems and fronts.(2) Provides overview of winds, temp, dew point, and pressure changes. b. Collection of data.(1) Approximately 350,000 reports of existing weather are issued daily.(2) Information is received and compiled at the National Meteorological Center (NMC) outside Washington, DC.(3) Surface analysis charts are transmitted by facsimile machine and computer printout. c. Construction.(1) Observations for surface weather charts are made eight times daily: 00, 03, 06, 09, 12, 15, 18, and 21 Coordinated Universal Time, referred to as Zulu time.NOTE: Time of observation is in the lower left-hand corner of the chart.(2) Charts are transmitted every 3 hours.(3) Transmission is normally completed 1½ to 2 hours after observation.(4) Data is normally 2 to 6 hours old when used by an aviator in a weather station.(5) Information on weather charts is updated from METAR reports. d. Station model (page 6).(1) Sky cover, shown inside station circle. When international symbols are used, sky cover is indicated by the amount of the circle blackened in.5 (2) Wind direction and speed.(a) Indicate true direction from which the wind is blowing.(b) Speed is indicated by barbs with 1 full barb indicating 10 knots and ½ barb indicating 5 knots.(c) Calm wind conditions are indicated by a circle around the station circle.(d) Pennant indicates 50 knots.(e) Wind velocity.6 (3) Temperature on the station model. This temperature is located on the upper left and in degrees Celsius.(4) Present weather and obstructions to visibility. Present weather and obstructions to visibility symbols appear under temperature.7 (5) The most common weather symbols used on the surface weather chart are shown below.(6) Dew point temperature.(a) In the lower left corner of the station model.(b) Measured in degrees Celsius.(7) Station pressure corrected to mean sea level (MSL) pressure in hectoPascals (millibars).(a) In the upper right corner of the station model.(b) Indicated in tenths of hectoPascals (millibars) or to the nearest hectoPascal (millibar).8 (8) Pressure tendency--NOTE: See legend below.(a) Is indicated to the right of the station circle and below pressure.(b) Changes over the past 3 hours.(c) Amount of change is indicated in 10ths of hectoPascals (millibars).(d) Symbol indicates pattern of change.9 d. Weather chart analysis.(1) Isobars.(a) Isobars are lines connecting points of equal pressure corrected to sea level pressure.(b) Isobar spacing is usually 4 hectoPascals (millibars).(c) Isobars are labeled in hectoPascals (millibars).EXAMPLE: 04, 08--1, 004 and 1,008.(2) Isobaric patterns.(a) Centers of highs and lows are labeled.(b) Surface winds flow across isobars at an angle of 30 to the left.(c) Closely spaced isobars indicate a strong wind.(d) Widely spaced isobars indicate a weak wind.(e) Fronts are associated with lows and lie in troughs.(f) Ridges are associated with highs.(g) Buys Ballot’s Law.(3) Frontal symbols.(a) Facsimile weather charts use symbolized lines and are locally colored.(b) A coded analysis of the front is plotted within brackets along the front on facsimile surface weather charts.10 e. Facsimile station model.11 f. Weather charts in flight planning (course of action for planning a flight).(1) Analyze trends in temperature and dew point to estimate possible fog areas.(2) Determine position and estimated movements of any low pressure center within 500 miles of the proposed flight track.(3) Read station model symbols and compare with current weather reports to see if conditions are getting better or worse.(4) Become familiar with hazardous areas along proposed route and obtain a thorough briefing from the forecaster on those areas.(5) Check the upwind weather conditions for the effects of advection on the flight area.(6) Ask duty personnel at the weather station to clarify anything not understood.NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning step activity.B. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #2:ACTION: The student will interpret data contained in a weather depiction chart.CONDITION: In a classroom environment and given a student handout.STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230.Learning Step/Activity 1 - Provide instruction to interpret data contained in a weather depiction chart.Method of Instruction: CO. Instructor to student ratio is: 1:40.Time of Instruction: 0020 minutes.Media: PowerPoint Slides 29 thru 43. a. Purpose--to portray areas of instrument flight rules (IFR), marginal visual flight rules (MVFR), and VFR weather. b. Frequency--every 3 hours. c. Station model (page 14). Data taken from METAR reports and plotted on station circle.(1) Total sky cover--Sky clear1/8 - 2/8 (FEW)3/8 thru 4/8 (SCT)12 5/8 thru 7/8 (BKN)8/8 (OVC)Sky obscured or partially obscured(2) Visibility--left side of circle if 6 statute miles or less.(3) Weather and obstruction to vision--to the right of visibility. Only precipitation is shown when visibility is greater than 6 statute miles.(4) Cloud base--plotted below station circle. If a circle exists the height will be a ceiling height.(5) Weather depiction guide.13 NOTES: If total sky cover is scattered or less, the height is the base of the lowest layer.If total sky coverage is broken or greater, the height is a ceiling.14 d. Areas depicted.(1) IFR. (a) Ceiling less than 1000 feet AND/OR visibility less than 3 miles. (b) Hatched areas enclosed by solid lines on facsimile charts.(c) Locally outlined in “red” by weather station personnel.(2) Marginal VFR.(a) Ceiling greater than or equal to 1000 feet or less than or equal to 3000 feet AND/OR visibility greater than or equal to 3 miles to less than or equal to 5 miles.(b) Nonhatched areas enclosed by solid lines on facsimile charts.(c) Locally outlined in “blue” by weather station personnel.(3) VFR.(a) Ceiling greater than 3000 feet AND visibility greater than 5 miles.(b) Areas not outlined by weather station personnel. e. Position of fronts and pressure areas. Positions are shown in standard symbol form.NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning step activity.C. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #3:ACTION: The student will interpret data contained on a radar summary chart.CONDITION: In a classroom environment and given a student handout.STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230.Learning Step/Activity 1 - Provide instruction to interpret data from a radar summary chart.Method of Instruction: CO. Instructor to student ratio is: 1:40.Time of Instruction: 0020 minutes.Media: PowerPoint slides 44 thru 50. a. These charts display type of precipitation echoes and indicate their intensity, intensity trend, configuration, coverage, echo tops and bases, and movement. Severe weather watches are also plotted. b. Frequency--issued every hour. c. Intensity level (6). d. Configuration.15 e. Symbols. f. Tops of echoes. g. Severe weather watch areas.16 h. Radar summary chart. LEGEND.17 i. Radar summary chart.18

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