<p> Chapter 2 Book Work: Early River Valley Civilizations</p><p>As you read, make sure that you can answer the following questions:</p><p>Section 1: City-States in Mesopotamia</p><p>1. Where is the Fertile Crescent?</p><p>2. What does “Mesopotamia” mean (in Greek)?</p><p>3. What rivers provided natural irrigation in the Fertile Crescent?</p><p>4. What 3 environmental challenges did the Sumerians face in Mesopotamia?</p><p>5. How did the Sumerians solve these challenges (3 ways)?</p><p>6. What is a city-state?</p><p>7. How did Sumerian priests and rulers share control?</p><p>8. What is polytheism?</p><p>9. How did the Sumerians view their many gods? Include both in life and in death.</p><p>10. Label the following showing the Sumerian social structure:</p><p>11. Provide notes on the following Sumerian achievements:</p><p> a. Math: b. Architecture: c. Cuneiform:</p><p>12. Who built the first empire in history (2350 BCE)?</p><p>13. Who was Hammurabi? 14. What is the significance of Hammurabi’s Code?</p><p>Section 2: Pyramids of the Nile</p><p>1. Describe the geography of Egypt.</p><p>2. Why is Egypt called the “gift of the Nile?”</p><p>3. What 3 risks did the Egyptians face (even though the Nile flooded MORE REGULARLY than the Tigris/Euphrates Rivers)?</p><p>4. Where are the following (be able to locate them on a map):</p><p> a. Upper Egypt – b. Lower Egypt – </p><p>5. How and when did Narmer unify Egypt (Upper and Lower)?</p><p>6. How did the pharaohs rule as a theocracy?</p><p>7. What is the purpose of an Egyptian pyramid?</p><p>8. Describe Egyptian religion:</p><p>9. How did the Egyptians’ views about the afterlife differ from Mesopotamia?</p><p>10. What is mummification?</p><p>11. What is the Book of the Dead?</p><p>12. Illustrate Egyptian society on the pyramid provided:</p><p>13. What are hieroglyphics?</p><p>14. What “paper” did Egyptians write on (much more practical than stone!)? 15. Describe Egyptian achievements in:</p><p> a. Calendars – b. Numerical systems – c. Medicine –</p><p>16. When were the Old and Middle Kingdoms?</p><p>17. What group invaded Egypt and ended the prosperous Middle Kingdom?</p>