<p> Africa Unit Test Study Guide</p><p>1. Where do the majority of Africans live? Along the rivers and the coast.</p><p>2. What is deforestation? The process of cutting down trees for fuel.</p><p>3. What is desertification? The process of land turning to desert.</p><p>4. What are the four causes of desertification? Overgrazing, overpopulation, deforestation, drought.</p><p>5. What is the longest river in Africa? Nile River</p><p>6. What dam is located along the Nile River? Aswan High Dam</p><p>7. What area of Africa is the only place that has large deposits of Oil? Niger River Delta</p><p>8. What is the Sahel? A region of semi-arid land just south of the Sahara Desert.</p><p>9. What region of Africa has the highest concentration of tourism? Savanna</p><p>10. Where is the largest desert in the world? Sahara</p><p>11. What is an ethnic group? Group that shares a common set of traditions, religion, or culture.</p><p>12. What is a religious group? Group that shares a belief in a god or gods with a specific set of literature and rituals.</p><p>13. Who are the Tuareg people? Nomadic people of the Sahara Desert.</p><p>14. Who are the Swahili people? Group that lives on the east coast of Africa that is a mixture of Arab, Persian, and Bantu ethnic groups.</p><p>15. Who are the Ashanti people? A group of people found in the modern country of Ghana.</p><p>16. What ethnic group had the largest migration of people in African history? Bantu</p><p>17. What are antiretroviral drugs? Drugs used to stop the progression of HIV into Aids.</p><p>18. What is famine? Extreme a general scarcity of food.</p><p>19. What type of government does South Africa have? Parliamentary Democracy/Republic</p><p>20. Who is the head of state in a parliamentary democracy? Prime Minister</p><p>21. Describe the government of Kenya and Sudan. Oligarchy/Republic</p><p>22. What is literacy rate? Number of people that can read and write </p><p>23. What is a trade Barrier? Anything that slows down or prevents trade with another country.</p><p>24. What is voluntary trade? Freely agreeing to participate in a transaction.</p><p>25. What is a tariff? Tax on imports</p><p>26. What is a quota? Limit the amount goods coming into a country.</p><p>27. What is an Embargo? Refusal to trade with another country.</p><p>28. What event led to the United States putting an embargo in South Africa? Apartheid 29. What is South Africa’s main export? Diamonds/Gold</p><p>30. What is Nigeria’s main export? Oil</p><p>31. How is Literacy connected to Standard of Living? Generally, the higher the literacy rate, the higher the standard of living.</p><p>32. What is CFA Franc? Currency established after world war II that stabilized African economies and was accepted as currency by many African countries.</p><p>33. What is the African Union? Union of 32 African countries for economic and political purposes.</p><p>34. Why did European countries colonize Africa? Wanted access to Africa’s raw materials and natural resources.</p><p>35. What is the system of Apartheid? Legal separation of races.</p><p>36. Why has there been major conflict between ethnic groups in Africa after the independence movement of Africa? Country boundaries remained what they were during colonial times, which placed groups together that have had conflict which each other for many generations.</p><p>37. Which country in Europe was the first to create a colony in Africa? Portugal</p><p>38. The discovery of what caused many British settlers to immigrate to South Africa? Gold and Diamonds</p><p>39. What is a refugee? Person forced to leave their home because of civil conflict of natural disaster.</p><p>40. Who was the last president of Africa under the apartheid system? F.W. de Klerk</p><p>41. What has led to political instability since African Independence? Government Corruption, poverty, civil war, and revolutions</p><p>42. Which group of people supported the system of Apartheid? Afrikaners</p><p>43. What was the purpose of the Pan-African Movement? To get all people of African descent, no matter where they lived in the world, to view Africa as their homeland and consider themselves African first.</p><p>44. Who was the first black president of South Africa? Nelson Mandela</p><p>45. What is one of the main results of European Colonialism? Atlantic Slave Trade</p><p>46. What is a Civil War? War within a country</p><p>47. Which group of people was the first to support the Pan-African Movement? Africans from around the world.</p><p>48. Why have Nigeria, Kenya, and the Sudan been unable to take advantage of its natural resources? Political corruption and civil war</p><p>49. What is Indirect Rule? The process of the ruling country placing a citizen of the colonized country into power for the purpose of convincing the colonized country they are ruling themselves.</p><p>50. What is Assimilation? Process of a person in a colonized country to reject their own culture and beliefs in favor of the ruling country’s culture and beliefs. </p>