<p>Standard RI.7.6- Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author distinguishes his or her position from that of others.</p><p>------Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (1884–1962) was the niece of President Theodore Roosevelt and the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Born into a privileged class, she became a successful social activist, party leader, teacher and journalist. By the time she entered the White House, these experiences and the networks she established helped her to transform the role of First Lady. Champion of domestic social reform, economic justice, and human rights, Eleanor believed citizenship demanded participation, saying “We will be the sufferers if we let great wrongs occur without exerting ourselves to correct them.”</p><p>1a. How does the author feel about Eleanor Roosevelt? The author believes she was a great leader/first lady. 1b. Which lines or words from the text reveal the author’s opinion of Eleanor Roosevelt? See highlights</p><p>Did you know that the typical U.S. family spends about $1,900 a year on home utility bills? Unfortunately, a large portion of that energy is wasted. And each year, electricity generated by fossil fuels for a single home puts more carbon dioxide into the air than two average cars. And as for the road, transportation accounts for 67% of all U.S. oil consumption. The good news is that there is a lot you can do to save energy and money at home and in your car. Start making small changes today.</p><p>2a. How does the author feel about wasting energy? The author believes it is unfortunate and wasteful. 2b. Which lines or words from the text reveal the author’s opinions on wasting energy? See highlights</p><p>During the 1930s Depression, many Americans, nearly helpless against forces they didn’t understand, made heroes of outlaws who took what they wanted at gunpoint. Of all the lurid desperadoes, one man, John Herbert Dillinger, came to evoke this Gangster Era and stirred mass emotion to a degree rarely seen in this country. Dillinger, whose name once dominated the headlines, was a notorious and vicious thief. From September 1933 until July 1934, he and his violent gang terrorized the Midwest, killing 10 men, wounding 7 others, robbing banks and police arsenals, and staging 3 jail breaks—killing a sheriff during one and wounding 2 guards in another.</p><p>3a. How does the author feel about John Herbert Dillinger? The author feels John Dillinger was notorious and vicious. 3b. Which lines or words from the text reveal the author’s opinion of John Herbert Dillinger? See highlights</p><p>RI.7.5- Analyze the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the major sections contribute to the whole and to the development of the ideas. </p><p>------Many people think that they can get sick by going into cold weather improperly dressed; however, illnesses are not caused by temperature- they are caused by germs. So while shivering outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your immune system, you’re more likely to contract an illness indoors because you will have a greater exposure to germs.</p><p>4. Which type of text structure is used? Cause and Effect</p><p>Students are not allowed to chew gum in my class. While some students think that I am just being mean, there are many good reasons for this rule. First, some irresponsible students make messes with their gum. They may leave it on the bottoms of desks, drop it on the floor, or put it on other people’s property. Another reason why I don’t allow students to chew gum is because it is a distraction. When they are allowed to chew gum, students are more worried about having it, popping it, chewing it, and snapping it then they are in listening, writing, reading, and learning. This is why I don’t allow students to chew gum in my class. 5. Which type of text structure is used? Problem and solution </p><p>The high school drop our rate may be slowly declining but far too many students continue to drop out of school around the country. Students drop out of school for many reason, some of the most important being the communities and schools from which they come. Students who grow in communities that do not value education often enter school with the same set of values. Unfortunately, many of the schools within these communities place low expectations on students. These schools receive less funding and student behaviors often overwhelm new and inexperienced teachers. </p><p>6. Which type of text structure is used? Cause and Effect </p><p>Apples and oranges are both fruits, which means that they have seeds inside of them. Each has a skin, but orange skins are thick and easy to peel. Apple skins are thinner and do not peel easily. Oranges also contain more acid than apples, but both fruits are delicious.</p><p>7. Which type of text structure is used? Compare and Contrast</p><p>RI.7.2- Determine two or more central ideas in a text and analyze their development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the text. ------</p><p>8. People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes, including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious ones. a. Taxes are much too high. b. We pay more taxes than we may realize. c. Inheritance taxes and real estate taxes are unfair. d. Some taxes are hidden.</p><p>9. The fact that electronic computers are now used for data processing has led the general public to believe that it is a mysterious, complicated science and that the computers are giant brains. Both of these ideas are false. A computer is basically just a high-speed adding machine that performs the functions it is told to. If the input data are varied even a little, the computer is unable to operate until it is programmed to accept the variations. The business operations it performs are impressive only because of the extremely high speed of manipulation, but most of these operations have been used for decades. Unlike man, the computer performs repetitive calculations without getting tired or bored. a. A computer is a high-speed adding machine. b. A computer is a mysterious giant brain. c. A computer is impressive because of its high speed. d. A computer is superior to man in many ways.</p><p>10. The Louisiana Purchase proved to be one of the shrewdest business pacts in the entire history of the United States. The purchase doubled in the area of the country and provided territory from which fourteen new states were created either wholly or in part. It also gave us control over the mouth of the Mississippi River and opened up the way to foreign trade. Prior to the purchase, the waterway had been blocked by the Spanish, probably with the approval of Napoleon. The land that was bought was rich in timber, minerals, and natural resources of many kinds. Finally, the cost of the transaction was unbelievably low; the total of $15 million amounted to about four cents an acre. a. The Louisiana Purchase was a very good business deal for the U.S. b. The land bought by the Louisiana Purchase was rich in minerals. c. The land bought by the Louisiana Purchase was very cheap. d. Most Americans were very pleased with the purchase.</p><p>11. There is a common belief that while the dog is man’s best friend, the coyote is his worst enemy. The bad reputation of the coyote traces back to his fondness for small animals; he hunts at night and is particularly destructive to sheep, young pigs, and poultry. Yet it is sometimes wise to encourage coyotes. Provided valuable farm animals are protected, the coyote will often free the property of other animals, like rabbits, which are ruinous to crops and certain trees. He is especially beneficial in keeping down the rodent population. Where coyotes have been allowed to do their work without molestation, ranchers and fruit growers have found them so valuable that they would no more shoot them than they would shoot their dogs. a. Under certain conditions the coyote is helpful to man. b. The coyote is feared because of his fondness for small animals c. Modern ranchers would no sooner shoot coyotes than they would shoot dogs. d. The coyote usually prefers rabbits and other rodents to sheep and poultry.</p><p>RI.7.9: Analyze how two or more authors writing about the same topic shape their presentations of key information by emphasizing different evidence of advancing different interpretations of facts. ------</p><p>Passage 1: Anyone who has ever fallen or been knocked off their bike and cracked their helmet against the tarmac or curb will tell you they are enormously grateful for their helmet. It is difficult thing to be certain about, but the cyclist who was deliberately mown down by a bus driver in Bristol earlier this year said he felt his helmet saved his life, as did James Cracknell, who was struck in the back of the head by a truck’s side mirror travelling at 70mph. On impact, a helmet acts as a shock absorber, reducing the rate at which the head is decelerated by dissipating the shock of the impact into the soft liner as it crushes. An assessment carried out by the Transport Research Laboratory on behalf of the Department for Transport (DfT) of over 100 police forensic reports into cycling fatalities showed that between 10 and 16 per cent of those fatalities would have been avoided had the victim been wearing an “appropriate cycle helmet” - ie: a helmet that is in good condition, of good quality and fits properly.</p><p>Passage 2: Wearing helmets can adversely affect behavior on the roads, and that this may outweigh the medical benefits of wearing one. Studies suggest that drivers are less cautious around cyclists who are wearing helmets and pass closer as they drive past, and some studies suggest cyclists may be given a false sense of security while wearing a helmet and take less care themselves. Ultimately, if a 20-ton truck crushes a cyclist, a bike helmet is unlikely to save their life. A huge number of cyclist fatalities occur from crush injuries to the pelvis, legs and chest, and the forces involved in a collision with a large motor vehicle is often far greater than the force a helmet can bear before splitting, doing little to prevent head injury. Helmets provide excellent protection against bumps, knocks and scrapes, but are far less effective against high-impact smashes.</p><p>12. What position does the author take in passage 1? The author believes bike helmets save lives. 13. What position does the author take in passage 2? The author believes bike helmets encourage cyclists to be less cautious, leading to more accidents and injuries. </p><p>Read the following statement…</p><p>“Let’s not forget that cycling is not an naturally dangerous activity. Cyclist deaths have more than halved since 1990 and, statistically, there is only one death per 32 million kilometers cycled.”</p><p>14a. How would the author of passage 1 feel about the statement? Bike helmets help prevent cyclist’s death. 14b. How would the author of passage 2 feel about the statement? Bike helmets are helpful in some cases but cyclists deaths are still caused by less cautious cyclists. </p>