<p> Subtitles</p><p>Associated Teachers’ TV programme Primary Special Needs: Tackling Challenging Behaviour 1</p><p>0001 10:00:00:04 10:00:04:01</p><p>(woman) So that's a massive ten smiley faces.</p><p>0002 10:00:04:01 10:00:06:14</p><p>Well done, Aya. That's brilliant.</p><p>0003 10:00:07:14 10:00:11:13</p><p>One, two, three, four... five stars already!</p><p>0004 10:00:11:13 10:00:14:09</p><p>I think we might get a record of ten today.</p><p>0005 10:00:14:09 10:00:16:11</p><p>(narrator) With the focus on inclusion,</p><p>0006 10:00:16:11 10:00:20:06 and bearing in mind a big difference in teacher-to-pupil ratio,</p><p>0007 10:00:20:06 10:00:22:01 can special schools' strategies</p><p>0008 10:00:22:01 10:00:25:10 for teaching pupils with emotional and behavioural difficulties</p><p>0009 10:00:25:10 10:00:28:06 be transferred to mainstream schools?</p><p>0010 10:00:28:06 10:00:33:00</p><p>Penny Nice, the SENCO for mainstream primary, St Leonards, near Hastings,</p><p>0011 10:00:33:00 10:00:36:18 has come to special school, Gibbs Green, in West London to find out.</p><p>0012 10:00:36:18 10:00:40:08</p><p>Her day begins with an observation of the pupil-referral unit class,</p><p>0013 10:00:40:08 10:00:43:03</p><p>- taught by Joe Porter. - Ashley, show us our target.</p><p>0014 10:00:43:03 10:00:45:10</p><p>Can you read through your targets, please?</p><p>0015 10:00:45:10 10:00:51:01</p><p>To accept not to always be first or second.</p><p>0016 10:00:51:01 10:00:53:24</p><p>On Monday when you were here, three or four times you said:</p><p>0017 10:00:53:24 10:00:58:08</p><p>"OK, Joe, I'm gonna go third in the line," didn't you?</p><p>0018 10:00:58:08 10:01:01:14</p><p>How was it when you went back to mainstream? 0019 10:01:01:14 10:01:07:07</p><p>It was all right, cos sometimes I got in front, got there first,</p><p>0020 10:01:07:07 10:01:11:02 and sometimes never, and I didn't get angry or anything.</p><p>0021 10:01:11:02 10:01:14:20</p><p>Well done. So you were controlling your emotions as well. Excellent.</p><p>0022 10:01:14:20 10:01:18:00</p><p>It was Wednesday yesterday. What face would you give yourself?</p><p>0023 10:01:18:00 10:01:19:18</p><p>You decide.</p><p>0024 10:01:19:18 10:01:23:13</p><p>Using targets is an integral part of the way we work at Gibbs Green.</p><p>0025 10:01:23:13 10:01:27:02</p><p>We have targets, which the child will be given.</p><p>0026 10:01:27:02 10:01:29:20</p><p>We will refer to that target at the end of each session,</p><p>0027 10:01:29:20 10:01:33:12 and review and discuss what we need to do if we've not met it.</p><p>0028 10:01:33:12 10:01:37:07</p><p>The children respond really well to this, and it's very visual.</p><p>0029 10:01:41:13 10:01:44:13</p><p>OK. I really like some of the things he was doing</p><p>0030 10:01:44:13 10:01:46:22 at the beginning of the lesson.</p><p>0031 10:01:46:22 10:01:51:06</p><p>He was going over yesterday, how yesterday had been for the children,</p><p>0032 10:01:51:06 10:01:53:06 and getting them to reflect on that.</p><p>0033 10:01:53:06 10:01:55:06</p><p>So a smiley face in the morning?</p><p>0034 10:01:55:06 10:01:58:19</p><p>(Penny) The children were then giving themselves smiley faces</p><p>0035 10:01:58:19 10:02:00:22 and having to evaluate.</p><p>0036 10:02:00:22 10:02:04:02</p><p>I think, from what he was saying, that they come quite a long way</p><p>0037 10:02:04:02 10:02:06:20 in their process of not just saying, "I did really well" -</p><p>0038 10:02:06:20 10:02:10:01 they were being a bit more honest in their reflections. 0039 10:02:10:01 10:02:13:07</p><p>In that process, he was reminding them of their targets,</p><p>0040 10:02:13:07 10:02:15:05 reinforcing it. It was great.</p><p>0041 10:02:15:05 10:02:19:14</p><p>- Nearly achieved target. - OK, good boy. That's very honest.</p><p>0042 10:02:19:14 10:02:24:00</p><p>You nearly achieved the target, so not quite a smile, but not unhappy.</p><p>0043 10:02:24:00 10:02:27:20</p><p>Obviously, a class teacher in a mainstream school would not be able</p><p>0044 10:02:27:20 10:02:32:01 to go through each child's individual targets in that same way.</p><p>0045 10:02:32:01 10:02:36:13</p><p>But it could be that certain children within the class</p><p>0046 10:02:36:13 10:02:38:19 could have, with perhaps a teaching assistant</p><p>0047 10:02:38:19 10:02:41:20 or even with the teacher before the lesson starts,</p><p>0048 10:02:41:20 10:02:45:24 just a quick reflection on how they did yesterday, 0049 10:02:45:24 10:02:49:23 to reinforce and remind them of their targets for that day.</p><p>0050 10:02:51:18 10:02:55:08</p><p>(narrator) At Gibbs Green primary learning achievement centre, PLAC,</p><p>0051 10:02:55:08 10:02:58:22</p><p>Penny observes a class learning massage skills.</p><p>0052 10:02:58:22 10:03:01:11</p><p>Expert Isabelle Natali leads the session</p><p>0053 10:03:01:11 10:03:04:11 and demonstrates on learning mentor Richard Baux.</p><p>0054 10:03:04:11 10:03:07:20</p><p>Making space for lots of things to come into your head.</p><p>0055 10:03:07:20 10:03:12:19</p><p>- Is the pressure OK, Richard? - Fine.</p><p>0056 10:03:12:19 10:03:15:13</p><p>- Perfect! - (Isabelle) Squeeze the shoulders.</p><p>0057 10:03:15:13 10:03:16:12</p><p>Lovely.</p><p>0058 10:03:16:12 10:03:20:04</p><p>It's a very new kind of idea, so as a teacher,</p><p>0059 10:03:20:04 10:03:23:14</p><p>I was kind of, "What is the value of this?"</p><p>0060 10:03:23:14 10:03:25:20</p><p>But it's amazing for these kids,</p><p>0061 10:03:25:20 10:03:30:01 because they really learn to bond in a really positive way.</p><p>0062 10:03:30:01 10:03:33:01</p><p>And the care and concern that they show for each other</p><p>0063 10:03:33:01 10:03:35:09 in that time every week</p><p>0064 10:03:35:09 10:03:37:23 has made that time of the week my favourite time.</p><p>0065 10:03:37:23 10:03:41:23</p><p>And it really teaches them to respect each other's bodies as well.</p><p>0066 10:03:41:23 10:03:47:06</p><p>If you think it's too hard, you could ask Aya to do it much softer.</p><p>0067 10:03:47:06 10:03:49:01</p><p>That's too hard!</p><p>0068 10:03:49:01 10:03:56:20</p><p>So ask him really assertively, "Can you do that softer, please?" 0069 10:03:56:20 10:03:59:10</p><p>I know that Aya will,</p><p>0070 10:03:59:10 10:04:04:08 because Aya wants to give you a really nice massage.</p><p>0071 10:04:04:08 10:04:07:03</p><p>- That's beautiful. - Is that good?</p><p>0072 10:04:07:03 10:04:11:24</p><p>A lot of students are really tactile and they want to touch,</p><p>0073 10:04:11:24 10:04:16:05 but boys in particular don't know how to do it appropriately.</p><p>0074 10:04:16:05 10:04:19:10</p><p>They were being very gentle and very respective, weren't they,</p><p>0075 10:04:19:10 10:04:21:03 of each other's feelings.</p><p>0076 10:04:21:03 10:04:28:09</p><p>And you were using lots of good words, like "ask assertively".</p><p>0077 10:04:28:09 10:04:31:16</p><p>For us in a mainstream school, I can really see the benefits.</p><p>0078 10:04:31:16 10:04:36:05</p><p>I could use it in my nurture groups, on a smaller group level, 0079 10:04:36:05 10:04:38:23 where I could see that working quite well.</p><p>0080 10:04:38:23 10:04:42:23</p><p>And maybe class teachers might be interested in incorporating it</p><p>0081 10:04:42:23 10:04:45:04 into their daily routine,</p><p>0082 10:04:45:04 10:04:48:07 as a session where they might want to calm children down a bit</p><p>0083 10:04:48:07 10:04:51:11 after a lively lunchtime or playtime.</p><p>0084 10:04:51:11 10:04:54:20</p><p>I'm really, really impressed, boys, with that massage.</p><p>0085 10:04:54:20 10:04:58:10</p><p>I'm thinking in my head of the smiley faces.</p><p>0086 10:04:58:10 10:05:02:12</p><p>Before we do that, we need to set the classroom up.</p><p>0087 10:05:02:12 10:05:07:05</p><p>I'm looking for our learning target this week, which is:</p><p>0088 10:05:07:05 10:05:10:00 who can work cooperatively. 0089 10:05:10:00 10:05:12:11</p><p>(narrator) In a relaxed state,</p><p>0090 10:05:12:11 10:05:15:22 the PLAC class moves on to a literacy lesson.</p><p>0091 10:05:15:22 10:05:18:08</p><p>What is that? That's a...?</p><p>0092 10:05:18:08 10:05:19:22</p><p>- Hands. - Hand.</p><p>0093 10:05:19:22 10:05:22:17</p><p>So h-an-d.</p><p>0094 10:05:22:17 10:05:25:01</p><p>Carl, so what have you got to do on this sheet?</p><p>0095 10:05:25:01 10:05:26:23</p><p>What you've got to do is,</p><p>0096 10:05:26:23 10:05:30:05 you've got to guess what it is and then circle the word.</p><p>0097 10:05:30:05 10:05:33:19</p><p>- What's that word you're writing? - "Display."</p><p>0098 10:05:33:19 10:05:37:04</p><p>The key thing I noticed there was that the children were confident</p><p>0099 10:05:37:04 10:05:39:09 and were straight away on their task.</p><p>0100 10:05:39:09 10:05:42:14</p><p>They knew what they had to do, and they were able to do it.</p><p>0101 10:05:42:14 10:05:47:14</p><p>(Sally) Students get so frustrated because they cannot read a worksheet</p><p>0102 10:05:47:14 10:05:51:05 that it's a lot easier to push the worksheet away, throw a chair,</p><p>0103 10:05:51:05 10:05:56:10 be kicked out, and have a reputation for being bad rather than dumb.</p><p>0104 10:05:56:10 10:06:00:05</p><p>- Nathan, I want to see you working. - (indistinct)</p><p>0105 10:06:00:05 10:06:03:09</p><p>So what do you do when you've done your work?</p><p>0106 10:06:03:09 10:06:08:04</p><p>(Penny) I think it's really for mainstream teachers to feel happy</p><p>0107 10:06:08:04 10:06:10:08 that the work they give children like that</p><p>0108 10:06:10:08 10:06:12:19 may be very attainable for them. 0109 10:06:12:19 10:06:14:22</p><p>It may be slightly below their level,</p><p>0110 10:06:14:22 10:06:18:04 but you've got to then build on that success</p><p>0111 10:06:18:04 10:06:21:00 in being able to do something they can do straight away -</p><p>0112 10:06:21:00 10:06:25:07 you're gradually feeding in bits of work that become more difficult.</p><p>0113 10:06:25:07 10:06:30:03</p><p>This is our major reward system we have across the whole school.</p><p>0114 10:06:30:03 10:06:34:14</p><p>Basically, you work towards getting towards your gold award.</p><p>0115 10:06:34:14 10:06:40:04</p><p>What they do is, on a daily basis they earn smiley-face stickers,</p><p>0116 10:06:40:04 10:06:43:07 and they need to get to 200 to come into the bronze.</p><p>0117 10:06:43:07 10:06:47:08</p><p>It's very visual, and they're able to see exactly where they are,</p><p>0118 10:06:47:08 10:06:51:05 and they will refer to it and talk to each other about where they are,</p><p>0119 10:06:51:05 10:06:54:02 why they're there. The feeling of getting into gold is...</p><p>0120 10:06:54:02 10:06:56:23</p><p>The two that have managed it were really, really happy.</p><p>0121 10:06:56:23 10:07:00:06</p><p>Smiley faces can be given by any member of staff,</p><p>0122 10:07:00:06 10:07:02:10 from the caretaker to head teacher,</p><p>0123 10:07:02:10 10:07:04:12 and it's for behaviour around the school -</p><p>0124 10:07:04:12 10:07:06:18 in the playground, in the classroom -</p><p>0125 10:07:06:18 10:07:09:10 cooperating with others, encouraging others.</p><p>0126 10:07:09:10 10:07:13:05</p><p>They will give it to the child. The child will come back to the class</p><p>0127 10:07:13:05 10:07:17:14 with a certificate, saying, "I've got five. Can you add them?"</p><p>0128 10:07:17:14 10:07:21:23 Slowly, slowly, you work up to 200 for bronze,</p><p>0129 10:07:21:23 10:07:24:12</p><p>400 for silver, 600 for gold.</p><p>0130 10:07:26:07 10:07:29:04</p><p>(narrator) Penny observes awards being given to the pupils</p><p>0131 10:07:29:04 10:07:31:23 during circle time.</p><p>0132 10:07:31:23 10:07:36:08</p><p>This morning, before we start, I'm gonna give a few stickers out.</p><p>0133 10:07:36:08 10:07:39:17</p><p>I'm gonna give the first one to Aya.</p><p>0134 10:07:39:17 10:07:42:01</p><p>And that's because you've come to the circle</p><p>0135 10:07:42:01 10:07:44:05 and done exactly what I've asked,</p><p>0136 10:07:44:05 10:07:46:24 which was to sit down really sensibly.</p><p>0137 10:07:46:24 10:07:50:09</p><p>You haven't called out, you haven't disrupted in any way,</p><p>0138 10:07:50:09 10:07:52:18 and you've been a perfect role model. 0139 10:07:52:18 10:07:54:18</p><p>So well done.</p><p>0140 10:07:59:15 10:08:02:05</p><p>Richard, I want to say that I'm really impressed</p><p>0141 10:08:02:05 10:08:05:20 with how Rio and Nathan both followed an instruction.</p><p>0142 10:08:05:20 10:08:08:13</p><p>They're now sitting in the right place.</p><p>0143 10:08:08:13 10:08:11:10</p><p>I saw Nathan was a little bit upset before,</p><p>0144 10:08:11:10 10:08:14:24 but he's turned himself around and is ready to have a good circle time.</p><p>0145 10:08:14:24 10:08:19:20</p><p>So I'm thinking that, if they can keep that behaviour up,</p><p>0146 10:08:19:20 10:08:21:24 they're definitely gonna get a sticker.</p><p>0147 10:08:21:24 10:08:24:00</p><p>(Penny) I noticed in Sally's class</p><p>0148 10:08:24:00 10:08:26:07 that she was using her teaching assistant, 0149 10:08:26:07 10:08:30:00 having a conversation about a child and a child's choices -</p><p>0150 10:08:30:00 10:08:32:13 not actually directly confronting the child.</p><p>0151 10:08:32:13 10:08:35:07</p><p>That worked really well - they did it several times.</p><p>0152 10:08:35:07 10:08:40:16</p><p>I noticed that it was a good way... a nonconfrontational way of...</p><p>0153 10:08:40:16 10:08:44:23</p><p>Redirecting, without having conflict. That's the key.</p><p>0154 10:08:44:23 10:08:49:12</p><p>And that's something that I can take back to my staff -</p><p>0155 10:08:49:12 10:08:53:12 talk to them about the way they use teaching assistants.</p><p>0156 10:08:53:12 10:08:55:22</p><p>That's a different approach, isn't it?</p><p>0157 10:08:55:22 10:08:56:21</p><p>(indistinct)</p><p>0158 10:08:56:21 10:08:59:17</p><p>We could do, cos you weren't in on the last round.</p><p>0159 10:08:59:17 10:09:03:13</p><p>Yeah. This time, go that way. That way.</p><p>0160 10:09:03:13 10:09:07:16</p><p>Before I do the round I'm gonna give a sticker to Carl,</p><p>0161 10:09:07:16 10:09:13:13 because Carl has been really mature, really sensible,</p><p>0162 10:09:13:13 10:09:18:21 and hasn't been drawn into any of the distractions. So well done.</p><p>0163 10:09:19:24 10:09:22:21</p><p>I'm gonna give you a warning. If I need to speak to you again,</p><p>0164 10:09:22:21 10:09:25:15 you'll have time out. Thank you.</p><p>0165 10:09:25:15 10:09:29:13</p><p>..who are happy to help me. I'm really thankful for that.</p><p>0166 10:09:29:13 10:09:33:15</p><p>I've noticed that it's very calm in the school as well.</p><p>0167 10:09:33:15 10:09:36:16</p><p>And all the adults are using the same language</p><p>0168 10:09:36:16 10:09:39:04 and approaching children in the same way.</p><p>0169 10:09:39:04 10:09:42:02</p><p>I think that's the key, really,</p><p>0170 10:09:42:02 10:09:45:17 to how perhaps we can develop things in a mainstream school.</p><p>0171 10:09:45:17 10:09:47:13</p><p>It's that consistency of approach.</p><p>0172 10:09:47:13 10:09:52:01</p><p>It's that real calm way of dealing with some difficulties.</p><p>0173 10:09:52:01 10:09:54:03</p><p>In the two years I've been here,</p><p>0174 10:09:54:03 10:09:57:06</p><p>I haven't raised my voice above talking level.</p><p>0175 10:09:57:06 10:10:01:18</p><p>There'd be no point. When I was a year 6 teacher, I did it often.</p><p>0176 10:10:01:18 10:10:05:16</p><p>(Carl) Thank you for help me.</p><p>0177 10:10:05:16 10:10:08:10</p><p>I feel...</p><p>0178 10:10:08:10 10:10:11:12</p><p>Because you're moving around, it's hard to concentrate. 0179 10:10:11:12 10:10:15:11</p><p>I've given you a warning. Can you take time out for one minute?</p><p>0180 10:10:15:11 10:10:19:09</p><p>The one-minute timer is on the top shelf there.</p><p>0181 10:10:19:09 10:10:21:09</p><p>OK? Off you go.</p><p>0182 10:10:24:04 10:10:26:07</p><p>We have two time-out areas.</p><p>0183 10:10:26:07 10:10:28:17</p><p>We try to make that as much as possible</p><p>0184 10:10:28:17 10:10:32:14 an opportunity for kids to reflect on their behaviour and to chill,</p><p>0185 10:10:32:14 10:10:36:21 rather than a punitive consequence, as such.</p><p>0186 10:10:36:21 10:10:40:06</p><p>And kids will tell us when they need to take time out often.</p><p>0187 10:10:40:06 10:10:45:06</p><p>When they first come, we talk about situations as being like fires.</p><p>0188 10:10:45:06 10:10:49:06</p><p>You can add a bucket to that fire, to help calm down that situation, 0189 10:10:49:06 10:10:53:20 or you can add a log to that fire, to help excite that situation.</p><p>0190 10:10:53:20 10:10:57:18</p><p>So all the time kids are trying to understand the choice</p><p>0191 10:10:57:18 10:11:01:18 between making a situation better or making a situation worse.</p><p>0192 10:11:01:18 10:11:04:04</p><p>(Penny) You might say, "Time out for five minutes."</p><p>0193 10:11:04:04 10:11:08:14</p><p>It's very hard for them to gauge, I guess, how long five minutes is.</p><p>0194 10:11:08:14 10:11:12:00</p><p>An egg timer gives them a specific time.</p><p>0195 10:11:14:06 10:11:16:09</p><p>- (aggressive moan) - What?</p><p>0196 10:11:16:09 10:11:19:11</p><p>- You stepped on my leg. - I don't care.</p><p>0197 10:11:19:11 10:11:22:11</p><p>Hm, I care.</p><p>0198 10:11:22:11 10:11:24:12</p><p>Go away, dumb boy! 0199 10:11:24:12 10:11:29:03</p><p>How did these boys put a log on it? Anyone got ideas?</p><p>0200 10:11:29:03 10:11:32:13</p><p>Aya said, "You stepped on my foot."</p><p>0201 10:11:32:13 10:11:35:18</p><p>Nathan said, "I don't care" - that's putting a log on it.</p><p>0202 10:11:35:18 10:11:40:21</p><p>Then Aya pushed Nathan and said, "Go away, you dumb..."</p><p>0203 10:11:40:21 10:11:42:22</p><p>Mm-hm. That's right.</p><p>0204 10:11:42:22 10:11:47:16</p><p>So by saying, "I don't care," that was putting a log on it, wasn't it?</p><p>0205 10:11:47:16 10:11:50:09</p><p>Richard, I'm really impressed with Nathan,</p><p>0206 10:11:50:09 10:11:52:20 because at the start of the lesson</p><p>0207 10:11:52:20 10:11:55:19 he was feeling a little bit sad.</p><p>0208 10:11:55:19 10:11:59:15</p><p>But he was able to really turn it around and join in.</p><p>0209 10:11:59:15 10:12:03:05 - I'm very impressed with Nathan. - (Richard) Well done, Nathan.</p><p>0210 10:12:03:05 10:12:07:18</p><p>We have a huge focus on reflection here at the school,</p><p>0211 10:12:07:18 10:12:10:14 after incidents, at the end of the day,</p><p>0212 10:12:10:14 10:12:12:10 and also at the end of the week.</p><p>0213 10:12:12:10 10:12:17:04</p><p>So "Let's Reflect" is a solution-based approach that we have</p><p>0214 10:12:17:04 10:12:19:18 to get the students to rate their week out of ten -</p><p>0215 10:12:19:18 10:12:23:21 things they've done well, things they might need to improve on -</p><p>0216 10:12:23:21 10:12:26:06 and to set targets for the next week.</p><p>0217 10:12:26:06 10:12:30:08</p><p>(Joe) Close your eyes. Think back to the beginning of the day.</p><p>0218 10:12:30:08 10:12:34:05</p><p>I want you to reflect on your day and feel how well you've done.</p><p>0219 10:12:34:05 10:12:37:02 I'm gonna give out your sheets. Give yourself a score.</p><p>0220 10:12:37:02 10:12:39:03</p><p>Think about it and do it honestly.</p><p>0221 10:12:39:03 10:12:41:09</p><p>Here you are.</p><p>0222 10:12:41:09 10:12:45:04</p><p>- What are you gonna give yourself? - I think a seven.</p><p>0223 10:12:45:04 10:12:47:17</p><p>(Joe) Do you? I think that's quite honest.</p><p>0224 10:12:47:17 10:12:49:23</p><p>That is. I'd have gone a bit higher.</p><p>0225 10:12:49:23 10:12:52:03</p><p>I'm pleased with how he's done his 30 seconds.</p><p>0226 10:12:52:03 10:12:55:15</p><p>When you ask him something, within 30 seconds he does it now.</p><p>0227 10:12:56:23 10:12:59:01</p><p>We have a very great team here.</p><p>0228 10:12:59:01 10:13:01:19</p><p>After school, we always have a review of the day,</p><p>0229 10:13:01:19 10:13:06:01 which I've found vital as a way of talking about what's happening</p><p>0230 10:13:06:01 10:13:11:03 and leaving what can be quite an emotional time behind.</p><p>0231 10:13:11:03 10:13:13:11</p><p>(Penny) It was very interesting</p><p>0232 10:13:13:11 10:13:15:24 just to sit back and listen in their staff meeting.</p><p>0233 10:13:15:24 10:13:19:06</p><p>Although there were some difficult things that had happened -</p><p>0234 10:13:19:06 10:13:22:02 some children had had some quite difficult times -</p><p>0235 10:13:22:02 10:13:25:20 there was a plan already about what was gonna happen tomorrow for them.</p><p>0236 10:13:25:20 10:13:28:10</p><p>So everybody knew exactly what was gonna happen</p><p>0237 10:13:28:10 10:13:31:00 the next day for that child.</p><p>0238 10:13:32:00 10:13:37:05</p><p>I found today's experience very useful for my own personal practice,</p><p>0239 10:13:37:05 10:13:40:04 exciting because I could see children's behaviour</p><p>0240 10:13:40:04 10:13:44:11 being turned around, even just in one day,</p><p>0241 10:13:44:11 10:13:47:06 and I could see children's confidence being raised -</p><p>0242 10:13:47:06 10:13:49:24 and that is very, very important.</p><p>0243 10:13:54:15 10:13:59:20</p><p>Visiontext Subtitles: Steph Donohue www.visiontext.co.uk</p>