Rev. Chilena Ent. 2012, 37: 47-60 REVISION OF THE CHILEAN GENUS PTYOPHIS (SCARABAEIDAE: MOLOLONTHINAE: MACRODACTYLINI) REVISIÓN DEL GÉNERO CHILENO PTYOPHIS (SCARABAEIDAE: MOLOLONTHINAE: MACRODACTYLINI) José Mondaca1 and Federico Ocampo2 ABSTRACT The genus Ptyophis Redtenbacher, endemic to central Chile, is revised and now includes two species: P. paulseni (Philippi) and P. eiderae Mondaca and Ocampo, nov. sp. Redescrip- tion of the genus, diagnosis, key to species, illustrations and distribution map are provided. Based on morphological examination, we transfer Ptyophis from Tanyproctini to Macro- dactylini, and hypothesized relationships with other Chilean macrodactylines. To preserve nomenclatural stability, a lectotype is designated for Ptyophis macrophylla Redtenbacher and a neotype is designated for Tetraphyllus paulseni Philippi. Observations on the habitat, natural history, and distribution of species are given. Key words: Central Chile, junior homonym, Pachydemini, Tanyproctini, Tetraphyllus. RESUMEN El género Ptyophis Redtenbacher, endémico de Chile central, es revisado y ahora incluye dos especies: P. paulseni (Philippi) y P. eiderae Mondaca y Ocampo, nov. sp. Se provee una redescripción del género, diagnosis, clave para las especies, ilustraciones y un mapa de distribución. Basado en un estudio morfológico, transferimos a Ptyophis desde la tribu Tanyproctini a la tribu Macrodactylini, e hipotetizamos las relaciones con otros Macrodac- tylini chilenos. Para preservar la estabilidad nomenclatural, designamos un lectotipo para Ptyophis macrophylla Redtenbacher y un neotipo para Tetraphyllus paulseni Philippi. Se entregan observaciones sobre el hábitat, historia natural, y distribución de las especies. Palabras clave: Chile Central, homónimo menor, Pachydemini, Tanyproctini, Tetraphyllus. INTRODUCTION and, according Lacroix (2007), it belongs to the tribe Tanyproctini (formerly called Pachy- Ptyophis Redtenbacher is a little-known demini, see Bouchard et al., 2011). The original genus of melolonthine scarab with a short and description of P. paulseni was likely based on confusing nomenclatural history that is en- a single male specimen captured in the local- demic to central Chile. It previously included ity of “Cordillera de Santiago”. At the time of Ptyophis paulseni (Philippi) as valid species the original description the species was placed in the monotypic genus Tetraphyllus Philippi, 1 Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Av. Portales 3.396, 1864. However, the name Tetraphyllus was al- Santiago, Chile. E-mail: [email protected] ready used for a different taxon, Tetraphyllus 2 Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Laporte and Brullé, 1831 (Tenebrionidae), thus Áridas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, CCT- CONICET Mendoza. CC 507, 5500. Mendoza, Argentina. E-mail: making Tetraphyllus Philippi a junior homo- [email protected] nym of Tetraphyllus Laporte and Brullé. 48 Rev. Chilena de Ent. 37, 2012 Subsequently, Redtenbacher (1868) de- cisco Ramírez F. Collection, Santiago, Chile scribed and illustrated the genus Ptyophis, (FRFC); Instituto Argentino de Investiga- with P. macrophylla Redtenbacher as a new ciones de las Zonas Áridas, Mendoza, Ar- species from Chile. Coincidentally this spe- gentina (IAZA); José Mondaca E. Collection, cies turned out to be the same species de- Santiago, Chile (JMEC); Lyman Entomologi- scribed four years before by Philippi (1864) cal Museum, McGill University, Ste.-Anne- as Tetraphyllus paulseni. Both species names de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada (LEMQ); Labo- were cited in old catalogs as different species, ratorio de Entomología Ecológica, Universi- synonyms, or as incertae sedis (Harold, 1869; dad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile (LEULS); Reed, 1876; Philippi, 1887; Germain, 1911; Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Dalla Torre, 1913; Blackwelder, 1944). France (MNHN); Museo Nacional de Historia Based on correspondence with the en- Natural, Santiago, Chile (MNNC); Naturhis- tomologist Gilbert Arrow, Gutiérrez (1950) torisches Museum, Vienna, Austria (NMHW); clarified the validity of Ptyophis over Tetra- Museo de Zoología, Universidad de Concep- phyllus, and established Ptyophis paulseni ción, Concepción, Chile (UCCC); University (Philippi) as the valid combination for this of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, Nebras- taxon (see also Martínez, 1975; Evans, 2003; ka, USA (UNSM); Museum für Naturkunde Smith and Evans, 2005; Lacroix, 2007; Evans der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany and Smith, 2009). (ZMHB). Specimens of Ptyophis are rare and poorly Species descriptions are based on analyses represented in collections. Recently, we had of external and internal morphological charac- the opportunity to study some specimens of P. ters. All specimens were examined, dissected, paulseni and numerous specimens of P. eider- and illustrated using a dissecting stereomi- ae belonging to different museums and private croscope (10-60x). The mouthparts and male collections. genitalia were dissected by relaxing the speci- In this paper, we redefine the generic con- mens in hot water and placed in a glycerin- cept, describe a new species, and provide a filled vial pinned under the specimen. modern taxonomic treatment of the genus. Ad- The following definitions and standards ditionally, we provide additional information were used in the descriptions and diagnoses: on the taxonomy of this poorly known genus, Color is based on dried, pinned specimens. and its natural history and distribution. We Body length was measured dorsally along also transfer Ptyophis from Tanyproctini to the midline, from the apex of the mandibles Macrodactylini, and discuss the morphologi- to the elytral apex. Body width was measured cal characters that justify this transfer. at the widest point, typically at the middle of the elytra. Puncture density was defined as MATERIALS AND METHODS dense if punctures are nearly confluent to less than two puncture diameters apart, moderate- One hundred fifteen specimens were ex- ly dense if punctures are between two to six amined from the following institutions and puncture diameters apart, and sparse if punc- private collections: The Natural History Mu- tures are separated by more than six punc- seum of London, London, United Kingdom ture diameters. Puncture size was defined as (BMNH); Canadian Museum of Nature, Ot- small if punctures were 0.02 mm or smaller, tawa, Ontario, Canada (CMNC); Instituto de moderate if 0.02-0.07 mm, and large if 0.07 Entomología, Universidad Metropolitana de mm or larger. Setae were defined as sparse if Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile there were few setae, moderately dense if the (CUMCE); Field Museum of Natural His- surface was visible but with many setae, and tory, Chicago, Illinois, USA (FMNH); Fran- dense if the surface was obscured by setae. Mondaca and Ocampo: Revision of the Chilean genus Ptyophis. 49 Designation of neotype and lectotype taxa studied, according to the Article 72 of the International Code of Zoological Nomencla- A neotype and a lectotype were designated ture (International Commission on Zoological to provide the nomenclatural stability of the Nomenclature, 1999). Figures 1-2. Ptyophis macrophylla Redtenbacher, 1868. 1. Habitus of the male lectotype, 2. La- bels of the lectotype. Taxonomic treatment Type species. Tetraphyllus paulseni Philippi, by monotypy. Genus Ptyophis Redtenbacher, 1868 (Figs. 1-13) Diagnosis. The genus Ptyophis can be rec- ognized from other Chilean Macrodactylini Ptyophis Redtenbacher, 1868: 69. Harold, by the following combination of characters: 1869: 1188; Philippi, 1887: 74 (as synonym of Medium size (9-13 mm), dorsal and ventral Tetraphyllus); Dalla Torre, 1913: 303; Black- surface moderately setose, color light brown, welder, 1944: 227; Gutiérrez, 1950: 64; Mar- reddish-brown, or dark brown. Clypeus well- tínez, 1958: 100; Martínez, 1972: 86; Martín- developed, with margins reflexed (Figs. 14, ez, 1975: 229, 243 (as Ptiophys); Evans, 2003: 15, 16, 17). Labrum flattened, not visible be- 223; Smith and Evans, 2005: 53; Lacroix, yond clypeal margin (Figs. 18, 19). Antenna 2007: 377; Evans and Smith, 2009: 190. with 9 antennomeres, club with 3–5 antenno- meres, 2x longer than the pedicel in male and Type species. Ptyophis macrophylla Redten- subequal or slightly longer in female (Figs. 3, bacher, by monotypy. 5, 14, 15). Pronotum wider than long, laterally surrounded with abundant long setae (Figs. 14, Synonymy. Tetraphyllus Philippi, 1864: 449 15, 16, 17). Protibia with two apical teeth on (junior homonym of Tetraphyllus Laporte and outer margin, with series of teeth situated me- Brullé, 1831). Reed, 1872: 194; Reed, 1876: dially and basally (Figs. 11, 14, 15). Mesotib- 287 (as Tetraphylla); Philippi, 1887: 690; iae and metatibiae with incomplete transverse Blackwelder, 1944: 227; Martínez, 1958: 100 carina; apex with 2 contiguous spurs (Fig. 13). (synonym of Ptyophis); Martínez, 1972: 86 All tarsal claws symmetrical, toothed at base (synonym of Ptyophis); Martínez, 1975: 229 and split subapically as Fig. 12. (synonym of Ptyophis), 243; Evans, 2003: 223; Smith and Evans, 2005: 53; Lacroix, Redescription. Male. Form: Body elongate- 2007: 378; Evans and Smith, 2009: 190. oval, dorsally flattened (Figs. 14, 15). Length: 50 Rev. Chilena de Ent. 37, 2012 9.0-13.0 mm. Width: 5.0-7.0 mm. Vestiture: ous spurs (Fig. 13). Tarsi longer than protibiae, Dorsal and ventral surface moderately setose. mesotibiae, and metatibiae (Figs. 14, 15). Tarsal Head: Clypeus rounded, subquadrate or