<p> ECONOMIC DISPARITY AND HEALTH OUTCOMES</p><p>PRIMARY CARE CONFERENCE</p><p>Laurel Mark, M.D.</p><p>November 9, 2005</p><p>1. Kennedy BP., Kawachi I., Prothrow-Stith, D. Income distribution and mortality: Cross sectional ecological study of the Robin Hood index in the United States. BMJ 1996 Apr 20;312:1004-7. ---Inequality of income is associated with increased overall mortality.</p><p>2. McCally, M., et al, Poverty and Ill Health. Annals of Internal Medince 1996;129(9):726.</p><p>3. Kaplan, GA. Pamuk ER, Lynch JW, Cohen RD, Balfour JL. Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: Analysis of mortality and potential pathways. BMJ 1996;312:999-1003. ---Health of communities and countries.</p><p>4. Lynch JW, Kaplan GA, and Shema SJ. Cumulative impact of sustained economic hardship on physical cognitive, psychological and social functioning. New Engl J Med 1997;337:1889-95.</p><p>5. Brown AF, Ettner SL, Piette J, Weinberger M, Gregg E, Shapiro MF, Karter AJ, Safford M, Waitzfelder B, Prata PA, Beckles GL. Socioeconomic position and health among persons with diabetic mellitus: A conceptual framework and review of the literature. Epidemiologic Reviews 2004;26:63-77. ---Comprehensive discussion of individual and community factors in diabetic outcomes.</p><p>6. Beebe-Dimmer, J. et al. Childhood and adult socioeconomic conditions and 31-year mortality risk in women. Am J Epidemiol 2004;159(5):481-490. ---Longitudinal study of women. All cause mortality.</p><p>7. Hakim RB, Benedict B, and Merrick NJ. Quality of care for women undergoing a hysterectomy: Effects of insurance & race/ethnicity. Am J Public Health 2004;94(8):1399-1405.</p>