<p> CHAPTER 28-REVIEW SHEET ANSWERS 1. Stalin gained power through ruthless measures -joined the Bolsheviks & worked his way up the rankings -became general secretary of the party-used position to build loyal following -Lenin dies->struggle for power btw. Trotsky & Stalin -Trotsky was stripped of party membership & isolated by Stalin & his supporters he fled the country and was later murdered in Mexico -Stalin gained absolute power by *launching the Great Purge *acts of terror *censorship *use of propaganda *secret police 2. Lenin promised the people Peace, land, and bread 3. The November Revolution is also known as the Bolshevik Revolution 4. After the November Revolution a civil war broke out between the Reds=Communists & Whites=counterrevolutionaries (want czar back in power) 5. The purpose of the Comintern was -to aid revolutionary groups around the world -urge colonies to rise up against their imperial rulers 6. The purpose of the Great Purge was -for Stalin to eliminate all opposition to the state -get rid of anyone he considered a rival or threat absolute power 7. command economy government makes all economic decisions 8. kulaks -wealthy peasants opposed to collectivization 9. collective large farms owned & operated by peasants as a group 10. cheka Stalin’s secret police 11. Bolshevik -means MAJORITY -revolutionary party of radical socialists led by Lenin -later renamed Communists 12. Lenin’s economic program was called the NEP-New Economic Policy 13. Lenin’s NEP allowed for limited capitalism but this was only temporary 14. Totalitarian state government in which a one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of life 15. Supreme Soviet -the elected legislature which was part of the 1922 constitution -possessed no real power -in reality all political power/control was in the hands of the Communist party 16. Goals of Stalin’s Five-Year plans -build up industry -improve transportation -increase farm output/food production 17. Peasants resisted collectivization by -killed farm animals -destroyed tools -burned crops 18. Benefits of Communist rule under Stalin -free education -free medical care -free day care -inexpensive housing -public transportation -public recreation 19. Drawbacks of Communist rule under Stalin -low wages/standard of living -scarce housing -censorship -secret police -use of terror/violence -shortage of many foods 20. The Bolsheviks renamed themselves the Communists 21. What happened to Trotsky? He was stripped of his membership in the Communist party & isolated by Stalin & his supporters -fled the country-later murdered in Mexico 22. Karl Marx wanted the proletariat (industrial working class) to unite and overthrow capitalism. 23a. Marxism would fail in Russia because it did not have a large urban proletariat (working class) 23b.Russia did not have a large urban proletariat because the country had only just started to industrialize. 24. Lenin changed Marxist ideas to fit conditions in Russia by -using his elite revolutionary party the Bolsheviks to lead the revolution -would set up a dictatorship of the proletariat 25. After the civil war Russia became known as the -USSR-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or Soviet Union 26. & 27. Last czar/czarina of Russia -Nicholas II and Alexandra 28. Last dynasty to rule Russia was the Romanov dynasty 29. Results of collectivization -angry peasants only grew enough food for themselvesgovernment seized everything leaving the peasants to starve -poor harvests also helped lead to famine & death -it DID NOT improve farm output -it DID increase Stalin’s power/control 30. Western nations were suspicious of the Soviet Union because -the formation of the Communist International or Comintern *used propaganda to put down capitalism *pledged to aid revolutionary groups around the world *urged colonies to revolt against their imperial rulers 31. A totalitarian state ensures power & obedience by using -propaganda -secret police -censorship -terror -violent purges -fear 32. The official religious policy of the Soviet Union was -atheism 33. socialist realism -artists/writers were forced to conform their work to show Soviet life in a positive light in order to boost support for socialism -had to promote hope in the communist future </p>