<p>CHAPTER 27</p><p>The Reproductive Systems</p><p>CHAPTER SUMMARY</p><p>This chapter begins with a brief general introduction to the reproductive systems. The male reproductive system is considered separately from the female reproductive system. In the male reproductive system, the important characteristics of the scrotum, testes, ducts, accessory sex glands, semen, and penis are described. In the female reproductive system, the important characteristics of the ovaries, uterine (Fallopian) tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, perineum, mammary glands, and the uterine and ovarian cycles are described. Birth control methods are explained. The development of the reproductive systems is portrayed. The effects of aging on the reproductive systems are described. A glossary of key medical terms associated with the reproductive systems is provided. This chapter concludes with a thorough study outline, an excellent self-quiz, critical thinking questions, and answers to questions that accompany chapter figures. </p><p>STUDENT OBJECTIVES</p><p>1. Explain why, although they are very different from each other, both male and female reproductive systems produce gametes. 2. Describe the location, structure, and functions of the scrotum and testes. 3. Explain the principal events of spermatogenesis. 4. Describe the location, structure, and functions of the seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, rete testis, ductus epididymis (within the epididymis), ductus (vas) deferens (as a component of the spermatic cord), ejaculatory duct, and urethra as ducts of the male reproductive system. 5. Describe the location, structure, and functions of the accessory sex glands: seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands and explain the characteristics of semen. 6. Explain the structure and functions of the penis. 7. Describe the location, structure, and functions of the ovaries. 8. Explain the principal events of oogenesis. 9. Explain the location, structure, and functions of the uterine (Fallopian) tubes, uterus and vagina. 10. Describe the components of the vulva and explain their functions. 11. Explain the structure and functions of the mammary glands. 12. Describe the principal events of the ovarian and uterine cycles. 13. Compare the various kinds of birth control methods and their effectiveness. 14. Describe the development of the male and female reproductive systems. 15. Describe the effects of aging on the reproductive systems.</p>