<p> Intelligence Tests</p><p>Binet-Simon Scale - first intelligence test, developed by Alfred Binet (and Simon).</p><p>Individually administered comprehensive tests (Stanford, Wechsler (3), KABC): 1. One on one administration takes about 60 - 90 min. Therefore, expensive. Actually consist of sets of "subtests" grouped into theory based "areas."</p><p>2. Training and practice are necessary. Strict protocols such as no "hints" or "coaching." Some subtests require "timing" with a stopwatch. </p><p>3. While a licensed psychologist must interpret and write the report, administration can be done by others.</p><p>4. Very reliable, in the .90 range.</p><p>5. Most often used with school age children.</p><p>6. Often paired with an achievement test to form a "test battery."</p><p>7. Use some type of "adaptive format" to avoid administering unnecessary items.</p><p>8. Deviation IQ - used in modern tests (in place of Terman's IQ "formula") and credited to David Wechsler. IQ is based on "normative data tables" and provides a more accurate measure. l. Stanford Binet - developed by Lewis Terman at Stanford Univ. Subtests reflect Raymond Cattell's "fluid vs. crystallized" intelligence theory plus short term memory. Ages 2 - adult.</p><p>1. Most widely used until surpassed by the Wechsler tests in mid-1900s. </p><p>2. Comprehensive behavioral checklist.</p><p>3. Fifteen subtests total (combination varies by age).</p><p>4. Vocabulary is used as the "routing" test which determines "starting levels" for remaining subtests (levels are lettered A, B, C, etc.).</p><p>5. basal level (age) - level at which 3 of 4 consecutive items are passed (starting point).</p><p>6. Ceiling level (age) - level at which 3 of 4 consecutive items are missed (stopping point). 7. Raw scores are converted to "Standard Age Scores" (SASs). Subtests are summed to yield 4 "area" scores: 1. verbal reasoning, 2. abstract/visual reasoning, 3. quantitative reasoning, 4. short-term memory, and finally a test composite (IQ) mean = 100, SD = 16 (most tests are 15).</p><p>8. Large number of subtests and complex "basal-ceiling-lettering" system make it difficult to administer.</p><p>II. The Wechsler Tests (3) - David Wechsler saw need for 1. a test designed for adults and 2. a test less "verbally dependent" than the Stanford. Theory wise, Wechsler distinguishes only two areas, "verbal and performance" (though short term memory is clearly represented). There are three tests:</p><p>- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) - for adults - Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) - for older children and adolescents. - Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) - for young children.</p><p>1. Each test contains only the subtests needed and all subtests are used.</p><p>2. Starting points are based on age. Subtest is stopped when a specified number of consecutive items are missed.</p><p>3. Rather than being keyed to "age" the items use a simpler "point" system (items vary in point value). "Time" (rapid completion) is also worth points). </p><p>4. Raw scores are converted to standard scores with a mean of 10 and SD of 3.</p><p>5. Raw scores are also added to yield two area scores ("Verbal" and "Performance") and an overall IQ. All have a mean of 100 and SD of 15.</p><p>6. Currently, the most popular intelligence tests.</p><p>III. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC) - contains both "mental processing" (IQ) AND "achievement" scales. Theory involves a novel distinction, "Sequential" vs. "Simultaneous" processing.</p><p>1. It yields four "Global Scores": 1, sequential processing, 2. simultaneous processing, 3. mental processing composite (IQ), and 4. achievement.</p><p>2. Like the Wechsler, the scales have a mean of 100 and SD of 15.</p><p>3. Makes extensive use of "confidence intervals" in reporting scores. 4. Reports "significant differences" in the global scores.</p><p>5. A "non-verbal" set of scales make it ideal for use with hearing or speech impaired children.</p>