(Trust and Cooperat*):Title Journal Article:Document Type

Search for:(trust AND cooperat*):Title Journal Article:Document TypeResult(s):54Database(s):AllAbstract1. This paper examines the effect of relational factors on knowledge transfer within strategic buyer–supplier exchange. Prior research examining inter-firm knowledge transfer has focused almost exclusively on horizontal forms of governance such as strategic alliances and joint ventures, whilst research on vertical forms, such as buyer–supplier relationships, is limited. We test the effect of four important relational properties: cooperation, trust, relationship duration and supplier performance. Quantitative data, gathered from 104 UK manufacturing firms in eight industry sectors, are used to analyse the hypothesized relationships through a moderated hierarchical regression model. Our study provides support for the importance of considering relational factors in the transfer of knowledge at the interorganizational level. In particular, the results indicate that knowledge transfer is positively influenced by the extent of cooperation, but that this relationship is moderated by the level of trust and the performance of the supplier firm. Managerial implications for these findings and future directions for research are then offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2009-24305-005 Title Cooperation and knowledge transfer within buyer-supplier relationships: The moderating properties of trust, relationship duration and supplier performance. Publication Date Dec 2009 Language English Author Squire, Brian; Cousins, Paul D.; Brown, Steve Email Squire, Brian: [email protected] Correspondence Address Brian Squire, Decision Sciences and Operations Group, Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester, United Kingdom, M15 6PB, [email protected] Affiliation Squire, Decision Sciences and Operations Group, Manchester Business Brian School, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom Cousins, Decision Sciences and Operations Group, Manchester Business Paul D. School, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom Brown, School of Business and Economics, University of Exeter, Steve Streatham Court, Exeter, United Kingdom Source British Journal of Management. Vol 20(4), Dec 2009, 461-477. ISSN 1045-3172 (Print); 1467-8551 (Electronic) Publisher United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Other Publishers Blackwell Publishing, United Kingdom Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1111/j.1467-8551.2008.00595.x Keywords cooperation; knowledge transfer; buyer supplier relationships; trust Index Terms *Cooperation; *Knowledge Transfer; *Organizational Behavior; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3660 Organizational Behavior Population Group Human Location United Kingdom Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Grant Sponsorship This research was partly funded by a grant from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, number GR/R26559/01. Release Date 20100322 (PsycINFO)Links  Full text from publisherAbstract1. In the standard trust game the surplus is increased by the risk taking first mover while cooperation by the second mover is a one-to-one transfer. This paper reports results from experiments in which the reverse holds; the first mover's risky trust is not productive and the second mover's cooperation is productive. This subtle difference significantly lowers the likelihood of trust but increases the likelihood of cooperation conditional on trust. Evidence is presented that the change in trust is consistent with first movers failing to anticipate the later result. Drawing upon the analogy that the trust game represents a model of exchange, the results suggest that markets should be organized so that the buyer moves first and not the seller as in the original trust game. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2009-04106-001 Title An experimental analysis of cooperation and productivity in the trust game. Publication Date Mar 2009 Language English Author Deck, Cary Email Deck, Cary: [email protected] Correspondence Address Cary Deck, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, US, [email protected] Affiliation Deck, Cary University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, US Source Experimental Economics. Vol 12(1), Mar 2009, 1-11. ISSN 1386-4157 (Print); 1573-6938 (Electronic) Publisher Germany: Springer Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1007/s10683-007-9186-9 Keywords cooperation; productivity; trust game; risk taking; surplus Index Terms *Cooperation; *Games; *Productivity; *Risk Taking; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20090525 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher Abstract1. Trust and cooperation are essential features of human interpersonal transactions. Recent evidence suggests that these processes are related to brain areas implicated in social decision-making. These novel data provide a unique opportunity to characterize psychopathological conditions in which trust and cooperation are potentially impaired. Using economic games, independent investigations revealed that trust and cooperation are disrupted in patients with borderline personality disorder who have severe difficulties in their personal relationships and exhibit abnormal emotion regulation. Data from functional neuroimaging indicated that the abnormal activation of the anterior insula might be a key factor during these processes, together with the cingulate cortex and the amygdala. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2009-02732-008 Title The broken trust and cooperation in borderline personality disorder. Publication Date Mar 2009 Language English Author Seres, Imola; Unoka, Zsolt; Kéri, Szabolcs Email Kéri, Szabolcs: [email protected] Correspondence Address Szabolcs Kéri, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa u. 6, Budapest, Hungary, H1083, [email protected] szeged.hu Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis Seres, Imola University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis Unoka, Zsolt University, Budapest, Hungary Kéri, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis Szabolcs University, Budapest, Hungary Source NeuroReport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research. Vol 20(4), Mar 2009, 388-392. ISSN 0959-4965 (Print); 1473-558X (Electronic) Other Serial Titles Neuroreport: An International Journal for the Rapid Communication of Research in Neuroscience Publisher US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328324eb4d Keywords trust; cooperation; borderline personality disorder; decision making; neuroimaging; anterior insula Index Terms *Borderline Personality Disorder; *Cooperation; *Trust (Social Behavior); *Insula; Decision Making; Neuroimaging Classification Codes 3217 Personality Disorders Population Group Human Release Date 20090831 (PsycINFO) Links Full text from publisherAbstract1. The authors present an interdependence theoretical framework and advance the argument that generosity serves the important purpose of communicating trust, which is assumed to be of utmost importance to coping with incidents of negative noise (i.e., when the other every now and then behaves less cooperatively than intended). Using a new social dilemma task (the parcel delivery paradigm), it was hypothesized that incidents of negative noise would exert detrimental effects on trust and trust-related judgments and experiences, as well as cooperation, and that relative to tit for tat and self-regarding strategies (stingy or unconditionally cooperative strategies), other-regarding strategies (i.e., unconditional cooperation and generosity) would be more effective at reducing such as detrimental effects. Results from 2 studies provided strong support for these hypotheses, suggesting that the power of generosity is underestimated in the extant literature, especially in its ability to maintain or build trust, which is essential for coping with noise. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2008-18683-018 Title Promoting cooperation and trust in "noisy" situations: The power of generosity. Publication Date Jan 2009 Publication History Accepted: Apr 26, 2008  Revised: Apr 14, 2008  First Submitted: Sep 7, 2007Language English Author Klapwijk, Anthon; Van Lange, Paul A. M. Email Klapwijk, Anthon: [email protected]; Van Lange, Paul A. M.: [email protected] Correspondence Address Anthon Klapwijk, Department of Social Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1081 BT, [email protected] Affiliation Department of Social Psychology, VU University Klapwijk, Anthon Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Van Lange, Paul Department of Social Psychology, VU University A. M. Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Source Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol 96(1), Jan 2009, 83-103. ISSN 0022-3514 (Print); 1939-1315 (Electronic) Publisher US: American Psychological Association Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1037/a0012823 Keywords cooperation; noise; generosity; reciprocity; trust Index Terms *Altruism; *Cooperation; *Judgment; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location Netherlands Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Grant Sponsorship The present research was supported by VU University Amsterdam-funded star-project "Work." Copyright Holder American Psychological Association Year 2009 Release Date 20090105 (PsycINFO); 20090105 (PsycINFO)Links  Full text o HTML o PDF  Full text from publisherAbstract1. The pressures on firms to improve their environmental performance have caused them to look outside their boundaries towards their supply chains. In such approaches, firms work with vendors to develop the environmental profile of supplied materials (for example) by reducing materials' toxicity or the amount of packaging used. While large firms can mandate that their suppliers comply with such initiatives, more cooperative approaches are generally likely to be more fruitful. This article presents the results from an exploratory, two phase study of the conditions under which firms engage in cooperative supply-chain environmental management. First, the authors conducted interviews with 14 leading-edge firms. In the second phase, the authors conducted a theoretical-sample survey to examine a model of the antecedents of cooperative supply-chain environmental management. The results suggest that inter-firm trust, uncertainty and pro-active environmental management most directly affect the extent to which firms engage in cooperative supply-chain environmental management. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2009-00392-001 Title The road to cooperative supply-chain environmental management: Trust and uncertainty among pro-active firms. Publication Date Jan 2009 Publication History First Posting: Apr 25, 2007  Accepted: Mar 9, 2007  Revised: Mar 8, 2007  First Submitted: Nov 3, 2006Language English Author Sharfman, Mark P.; Shaft, Teresa M.; Anex Jr., Robert P. Email Sharfman, Mark P.: [email protected] Correspondence Address Mark P. Sharfman, Division of Management, Michael F. Price College of Business, University of Oklahoma, 307 W. Brooks - Room 206, Norman, OK, US, 73019-0450, [email protected] Affiliation Sharfman, Division of Management, Michael F. Price College of Business, Mark P. University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, US Shaft, Teresa Division of Management Information Systems, Michael F. Price M. College of Business, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, US Anex Jr., Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, College Robert P. of Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, US Source Business Strategy and the Environment. Vol 18(1), Jan 2009, 1-13. ISSN 0964-4733 (Print); 1099-0836 (Electronic) Publisher US: John Wiley & Sons Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1002/bse.580 Keywords supply-chain environmental management; trust; pro-active firms; environmental performance Index Terms *Environment; *Management; *Performance; *Supply Chains; *Trust (Social Behavior); Cooperation; Uncertainty Classification Codes 3660 Organizational Behavior Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Tests and Measures Cooperative Supply-Chain Environmental Management Scale Grant Sponsorship The project the authors report on in this article was supported by National Science Foundation Grant 9976530 'Integrating suppliers and customers into environmental management efforts' as well as Michael F. Price College of Business Alley Rayonier and Summer Research Fellowships. Conference Annual meeting of the Academy of Management, 2001; Portions of this article were presented at the aforementioned conference and at the 2004 annual meetings of the Academy of Management. Copyright Holder John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment Year 2007 Release Date 20091221 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 1Abstract1. In this article we examine the repercussions that lying has in the workplace. The effects of the type of lie and the objectives for lying are explored through the measure of acceptability, graveness, and perception of the consequences based on evaluations made by professionals working there. The main results show that the objective behind the lying is the one which had a greater repercussion on social appraisal for the behaviour and on the perception of the consequences on the work environment, where the effects varied according to the type of objective. Lies that look for benefiting others are considered as more acceptable, less grave and harm both trust and collaboration to a lesser extent. On the contrary, lies that look for personal gain while causing harm to others are valued as more unacceptable and deteriorate those work processes requiring collaboration and trust. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2009-13210-003 Title Incidencia de la mentira en la confianza y la cooperación en el ámbito laboral. / The incidence of lies on trust and cooperation in the workplace. Publication Date 2009 Language Spanish Author Suárez, Tatiana; Caballero, Amparo; Sánchez, Flor Email Caballero, Amparo: [email protected]; Sánchez, Flor: [email protected] Correspondence Address Amparo Caballero, Dpto. Psicologia Social y Metodologia, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 28049, [email protected] Affiliation Suárez, Tatiana Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Caballero, Amparo Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Sánchez, Flor Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Source Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología. Vol 41(2),2009, 213-224. ISSN 0120-0534 (Print) Publisher Colombia: Fundación para el Avance de la Psicologia Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords trust; cooperation; lying; workplace effect; deceptive behaviors; consequences Index Terms *Cooperation; *Deception; *Organizational Climate; *Trust (Social Behavior); *Working Conditions Classification Codes 3650 Personnel Attitudes & Job Satisfaction Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20100301 (PsycINFO) Abstract1. Trust at the interpersonal level in organizational settings has been researched extensively, yet little has been learned about the process through which trust affects cooperation and of the role of the social context in this process. Further, the models most often cited are complex and difficult to operationalize. This study investigates the effects of trust, subjective norms, and intent to cooperate on cooperative behavior using a simplified model. The findings demonstrate that the simplified model is useful for understanding the link between trust and cooperation and underscore the importance of perceived norms in the process. Implications for management are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2008-17281-005 Title Trust, norms, and cooperation: Development and test of a simplified model. Publication Date May 2008 Language English Author Jeffries, Francis L.; Becker, Thomas E. Affiliation Jeffries, Francis L. University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK, US Becker, Thomas E. University of Delaware, Newark, DE, US Source Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management. Vol 9(3), May 2008, 316- 338. ISSN 1930-0158 (Print) Publisher US: Institute of Behavioral and Applied Management Format Availability Electronic Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords organizational settings; cooperation; simplified model; cooperative behavior; trust Index Terms *Cooperation; *Models; *Organizational Behavior; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3600 Industrial & Organizational Psychology Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location US Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Copyright Statement All Rights Reserved. Holder Institute of Behavioral and Applied Management Year 2008 Release Date 20091207 (PsycINFO) Abstract1. Although laboratory experiments document cooperative behavior in humans, little is known about the extent to which individual differences in cooperativeness result from genetic and environmental variation. In this article, we report the results of two independently conceived and executed studies of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, one in Sweden and one in the United States. The results from these studies suggest that humans are endowed with genetic variation that influences the decision to invest, and to reciprocate investment, in the classic trust game. Based on these findings, we urge social scientists to take seriously the idea that differences in peer and parental socialization are not the only forces that influence variation in cooperative behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2008-03197-002 Title Heritability of cooperative behavior in the trust game. Publication Date Mar 2008 Language English Author Cesarini, David; Dawes, Christopher T.; Fowler, James H.; Johannesson, Magnus; Lichtenstein, Paul; Wallace, Björn Email Fowler, James H.: [email protected] Correspondence Address James H. Fowler, Political Science Department, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0521, La Jolla, CA, US, 92093-0521, [email protected] Affiliation Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Cesarini, David Technology, Cambridge, MA, US Dawes, Political Science Department, University of California at Christopher T. San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US Political Science Department, University of California at Fowler, James H. San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US Johannesson, Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Magnus Economics, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lichtenstein, Paul Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Wallace, Björn Economics, Stockholm, Sweden Source PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Vol 105(10), Mar 2008, 3721-3726. ISSN 0027-8424 (Print) Publisher US: National Academy of Sciences Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1073/pnas.0710069105 Keywords heritability; cooperative behavior; trust game; monozygotic twins; dizygotic twins Index Terms *Cooperation; *Heritability; *Heterozygotic Twins; *Monozygotic Twins; *Trust (Social Behavior); Genetics Classification Codes 2510 Genetics Population Group Human; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location US Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Grant Sponsorship The Swedish study was funded by the Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation and the Swedish Research Council. Release Date 20090119 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher   Cited by 6Abstract1. Drawing on the diverse literatures of game theory, negotiation, interpersonal trust, and interorganizational relationships, the authors develop a theoretical model of the relationships among trust, monitoring, and cooperation in interpersonal and intergroup interactions. They use the concept of isomorphism as a basis for developing this theory, observing that although the constructs may differ in structure across levels, they may still have similar functions. They also argue that a more explicit distinction between own and other's trust, own and other's monitoring, and own and other's cooperation is critical for better understanding the relationships among trust, monitoring, and cooperation. By making this distinction between own and other and by drawing on four distinct literatures, the authors provide greater precision in how trust, monitoring, and cooperation are defined, and they provide a more comprehensive and variegated view of the relationships among the constructs through the development of specific research propositions. They conclude with potential contributions of the model for future research and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2007-12281-005 Title Can I trust you to trust me?: A theory of trust, monitoring, and cooperation in interpersonal and intergroup relationships. Publication Date Aug 2007 Language English Author Ferrin, Donald L.; Bligh, Michelle C.; Kohles, Jeffrey C. Affiliation Ferrin, Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management Donald L. University, Singapore Bligh, School of Behavioral and Organizational Sciences, Claremont Michelle C. Graduate University, Claremont, CA, US Kohles, Center for Leadership Innovation and Mentorship Building Jeffrey C. (CLIMB), California State University, San Marcos, CA, US Source Group & Organization Management. Vol 32(4), Aug 2007, 465-499. Special Issue Title Special Issue: New perspectives on the trust-control nexus in organizational relations. ISSN 1059-6011 (Print) Other Serial Titles Group & Organization Studies Publisher US: Sage Publications Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1177/1059601106293960 Keywords trust; monitoring; cooperation; interpersonal relationships; intergroup relationships Index Terms *Cooperation; *Monitoring; *Negotiation; *Trust (Social Behavior); *Interpersonal Relationships; Intergroup Dynamics Classification Codes 3660 Organizational Behavior Population Group Human Grant Sponsorship This study was supported in part by a research grant from the School of Management of the State University of New York at Buffalo. Release Date 20070903 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 12Abstract1. Even when there is a potential danger of opportunism, economic agents often initiate contracts or engage in trust. Considering a world with two types of agents, opportunists and non-opportunists, interacting under incomplete information, this article develops a simple two-stage game theoretic model to show how trust and cooperation can emerge in a one-shot interaction, even in the absence of a supporting incentive mechanism. Two classic paradigms are considered: the prisoner's dilemma and the game of chicken. In the context of the prisoner's dilemma, trust depends on the exogenous probability of having a non-opportunist partner, while in the game of chicken trust is purely a function of the payoffs. Contrary to intuition, a high ratio of non-opportunistic agents in the population does not favor contract initiation in the game of chicken and a strong presence of opportunists does not act as an impediment to respecting commitments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2007-08109-003 Title Opportunism, trust and cooperation: A game theoretic approach with heterogeneous agents. Publication Date May 2007 Language English Author Cabon-Dhersin, Marie-Laure; Ramani, Shyama V. Email Cabon-Dhersin, Marie-Laure: [email protected]; Ramani, Shyama V.: [email protected] Correspondence Address Marie-Laure Cabon-Dhersin, Groupe de Recherche sur le Risque, l'Information et la Decision (GRID), UMR 8534 CNRS/ENSAM-Paris, Maison de la Recherche de l'ESTP, 30 Avenue du President Wilson, Cachan, France, 94230, [email protected] Affiliation Cabon-Dhersin, Social Sciences Department, Ecole Normale Superieure Marie-Laure de Cachan, Cachan, France Ramani, Shyama V. University of Delhi, New Delhi, India Source Rationality and Society. Vol 19(2), May 2007, 203-228. ISSN 1043-4631 (Print); 1461-7358 (Electronic) Publisher US: Sage Publications Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1177/1043463107077391 Keywords opportunism; trust; cooperation; game theoretic approach; heterogeneous agents; prisoners dilemma; game of chicken Index Terms *Cooperation; *Game Theory; *Incentives; *Prisoners Dilemma Game; *Trust (Social Behavior); Economics; Equity (Social); Intuition Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Release Date 20070611 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisherAbstract1. The present research examined the effect of procedural fairness and trust in an authority on people's willingness to cooperate with the authority across a wide range of social situations. Prior research has shown that the presence of information about whether an authority can be trusted moderates the effect of procedural fairness. If no trust information is available, procedural fairness influences people's reactions. This is not the case when information about the trustworthiness of the authority is present. In the present article, it is argued that information about whether the authority can or cannot be trusted may also moderate the effect of procedural fairness in predicting levels of cooperation. Assuming that the use of fair procedures by authorities that cannot be trusted is less influential than is the enactment of procedures by trustworthy authorities, it is predicted that trust in authority moderates the influence of procedural fairness on cooperation in such a way that procedural fairness has a positive effect on cooperation primarily when trust in authority is high. Results from 4 studies (2 experimental studies and 2 field studies) provide supportive evidence for this interaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2007-06438-004 Title The effects of trust in authority and procedural fairness on cooperation. Publication Date May 2007 Publication History Accepted: Jul 13, 2006  Revised: Jul 11, 2006  First Submitted: Oct 21, 2005Language English Author De Cremer, David; Tyler, Tom R. Email De Cremer, David: [email protected] Correspondence Address David De Cremer, Department of Economic and Social Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, Tilburg, Netherlands, 5000-LE, [email protected] Affiliation De Cremer, Department of Economic and Social Psychology, Tilburg David University, Tilburg, Netherlands Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, Tyler, Tom R. NY, US Source Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol 92(3), May 2007, 639-649. ISSN 0021-9010 (Print); 1939-1854 (Electronic) Publisher US: American Psychological Association Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1037/0021-9010.92.3.639 Keywords procedural justice; trust; cooperation; sincerity Index Terms *Authority; *Cooperation; *Procedural Justice; *Sincerity; *Trust (Social Behavior); Interpersonal Interaction Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study; Field Study; Quantitative Study Copyright Holder American Psychological Association Year 2007 Release Date 20070507 (PsycINFO); 20070507 (PsycINFO)Links Full text o HTML o PDF  Full text from publisher  Cited by 9Abstract1. Questionnaires were used to study the effects of trust and relationship commitment among supply chain partners on cooperative performance. Our results showed that both organizational and individual trust were positively correlated with cooperative performance. The indirect effect of organizational trust on cooperative performance through relationship commitment was significantly greater than its direct effect. However, the indirect effect of individual trust on cooperative performance through relationship commitment was significantly less than its direct effect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2007-01036-054 Publication Date Nov 2006 Language Chinese Author Wenan, Pan; Hong, Zhang Email Wenan, Pan: [email protected] Correspondence Address Pan Wenan, College of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310035, [email protected] Affiliation Wenan, Pan College of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Hong, Zhang College of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Source Psychological Science (China). Vol 29(6), Nov 2006, 1502-1506. ISSN 1671-6981 (Print) Other Serial Titles Information on Psychological Sciences Publisher China: Editorial Board of Psychological Science Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords trust; relationship commitment; supply chain partners; cooperative performance Index Terms *Commitment; *Cooperation; *Supply Chain Management; *Trust (Social Behavior); *Interpersonal Relationships Classification Codes 3640 Management & Management Training Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20080721 (PsycINFO) Abstract1. Coercive strategy is an influential conflict resolution technique in interfirm cooperation. This paper examines how the use of coercive strategy is affected by partner and relationship characteristics (specifically firm similarity, partner reputation, and asset specificity), and how these relationships are mediated by trust. We test our hypotheses with a cross-sectional sample of 228 cooperative relationships between architects and contractors in Hong Kong. Measures of both interpersonal and interorganizational trust are included. The findings highlight the critical role played by trust as a full mediator in the relationships of firm similarity and partner reputation with coercive strategy. Asset specificity, in contrast, has a direct and positive effect on coercive strategy that is unrelated to the level of interpersonal trust. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2006-02890-005 Title Coercive strategy in interfirm cooperation: Mediating roles of interpersonal and interorganizational trust. Publication Date Apr 2006 Language English Author Lui, Steven S.; Ngo, Hang-yue; Hon, Alice H. Y. Email Lui, Steven S.: [email protected]; Ngo, Hang-yue: [email protected]; Hon, Alice H. Y.: [email protected] Correspondence Address Steven S. Lui, [email protected] Affiliation Department of Management, City University of Hong Kong, Lui, Steven S. Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Ngo, Hang- Department of Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, yue Shatin, Hong Kong Hon, Alice H. Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Y. Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Source Journal of Business Research. Vol 59(4), Apr 2006, 466-474. ISSN 0148-2963 (Print) Publisher Netherlands: Elsevier Science Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.09.001 Keywords coercive strategy; interfirm cooperation; relationship characteristics; partner characteristics; interpersonal trust Index Terms *Conflict Resolution; *Cooperation; *Relationship Quality; *Strategies; *Trust (Social Behavior); Coercion; Organizations Classification Codes 3660 Organizational Behavior Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location Hong Kong Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20060710 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 4Abstract1. This paper examines driver trust during cooperation with an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), an Intelligent Driver Support System that can replace drivers for the longitudinal control of a vehicle. We present a theoretical framework based on the construct of trust in the cooperation between the operator and the automated control. An experiment was carried out using a mini-driving-simulator and an ACC with a preset reference speed and time headway of 130 km/h and 1.5 s, respectively. Questionnaires were used to analyse drivers trust. The main finding of the study is that the distinction between trust in ACC and trust in the cooperation with the device seems to be relevant. Trust in the cooperation with ACC seems to result from a combination of self- confidence and trust in ACC. The results are discussed in terms of the weaknesses in the methodology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2006-08091-002 Title Study of driver trust during cooperation with adaptive cruise control. Publication Date Apr 2006 Language English Author Rajaonah, B.; Anceaux, F.; Vienne, F. Email Rajaonah, B.: [email protected]; Anceaux, F.: [email protected]; Vienne, F.: [email protected] Correspondence Address B. Rajaonah, CNRS-LAMIH PERCOTEC, Le Mont Houy, Valenciennes, France, 59313, Cedex 9, [email protected] Affiliation Rajaonah, B. CNRS-LAMIH, PERCOTEC, Valenciennes, France Anceaux, F. CNRS-LAMIH, PERCOTEC, Valenciennes, France Vienne, F. INRETS-CIR-MSIS, Arcueil, France Source Le Travail Humain: A Bilingual and Multi-Disciplinary Journal in Human Factors. Vol 69(2), Apr 2006, 99-127. Special Issue Title Special Issue: Car-driving assistance for safety. ISSN 0041-1868 (Print) Publisher France: Presses Universitaires de France Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.3917/th.692.0099 Keywords driver trust; cooperation; adaptive cruise control; driving simulator; vehicles Index Terms *Cooperation; *Drivers; *Driving Behavior; *Motor Vehicles; *Simulation Classification Codes 4090 Transportation Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs); Thirties (30-39 yrs); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) Location France Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20061226 (PsycINFO) Correction Date 20100222 (PsycINFO)Links  Full text from publisherAbstract1. Sanctioning systems in social dilemmas are often meant to increase trust in others and to increase cooperation. We argue, however, that sanctioning systems may also give people the idea that others act in their own self-interest and undermine the belief that others are internally motivated to cooperate. We developed the "Removing The Sanction" paradigm and a new trust manipulation, and showed in three experiments that when there is a sanction on defection, trust in others being internally motivated to cooperate is undermined: Participants who had experienced the presence of a sanctioning system trusted fellow group members less than participants who had not. In a similar vein, the sanction undermined cooperation when trust was initially high. The implications of these paradoxical findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2006-02027-003 Title Undermining trust and cooperation: The paradox of sanctioning systems in social dilemmas. Publication Date Mar 2006 Language English Author Mulder, Laetitia B.; van Dijk, Eric; De Cremer, David; Wilke, Henk A. M. Email Mulder, Laetitia B.: [email protected] Correspondence Address Laetitia B. Mulder, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, Netherlands, 2300 RB, [email protected] Affiliation Mulder, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden Laetitia B. University, Leiden, Netherlands Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden van Dijk, Eric University, Leiden, Netherlands De Cremer, Department of Economic and Social Psychology, Tilburg David University, Tilburg, Netherlands Wilke, Henk Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden A. M. University, Leiden, Netherlands Source Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol 42(2), Mar 2006, 147-162. ISSN 0022-1031 (Print) Publisher Netherlands: Elsevier Science Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1016/j.jesp.2005.03.002 Keywords trust; cooperation; social dilemmas; sanctioning systems Index Terms *Cooperation; *Social Dilemma; *Trust (Social Behavior); Group Dynamics; Social Issues Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location Netherlands Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20060306 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 19Abstract1. Through a rich empirical study of forms of collective action in Ghana, this paper examines how groups sustain co-operation in the absence of strong legal institutions and mechanisms (such as legal contracts or regulated loan finance) that are often taken for granted in most 'western' economies. It presents evidence from case studies of micro- saving groups, palm oil processing groups and transport associations, which indicate that co-operation is based on trust and power, both of which are based on culturally specific norms. Decisions to co-operate are shaped by a combination of conscious calculations, habitual actions and unquestioning compliance or obedience. The way that trust and power are articulated also varies according to local context, and attempts to facilitate and support co-operative activities have to build on the existing co-operative structures that are embedded in the local, culturally specific, social relations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2007-02493-001 Title Managing Co-operation: Trust and Power in Ghanaian Associations. Publication Date Jan 2006 Language English Author Lyon, Fergus Email Lyon, Fergus: [email protected] Correspondence Address Fergus Lyon, Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research, Middlesex University Business School, Burroughs, London, United Kingdom, NW4 4BT, [email protected] Affiliation Lyon, Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research, Fergus Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom Source Organization Studies. Vol 27(1), Jan 2006, 31-52. ISSN 0170-8406 (Print); 1741-3044 (Electronic) Publisher US: Sage Publications Other Publishers Walter de Gruyter, Germany Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1177/0170840605056392 Keywords cooperation; trust; power; Ghanian associations; collective action; social norms Index Terms *Collective Behavior; *Cooperation; *Organizations; *Power; *Trust (Social Behavior); Calculus; Compliance; Economy; Obedience; Social Norms Classification Codes 3660 Organizational Behavior Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location Ghana Methodology Empirical Study; Nonclinical Case Study; Qualitative Study Grant Sponsorship The fieldwork was funded by the British Department for International Development (R7149). Release Date 20070521 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisherAbstract1. Purpose: This paper seeks to explore the role of ombuds processes on commitment and trust to the organization. Design/methodology/approach: This research is framed by and builds on theories about cooperation-competition, procedural justice, and third party intervention (ombudsman processes) in managing organizational relationships. Data for this study come from semi- structured longitudinal interviews with 45 participants (138 interviews total) during active pursuit of a grievance through the ombuds process. Findings: Organizational commitment and trust are fluid processes created through symbolic interaction with organizational actors. Interaction with these actors, over time, influences commitment to the organization. Research limitations/implications: This study reports on the perspective of the person pursuing the grievance through one ombuds office. Future research should explore perspectives of both parties and in different organizational contexts. Practical implications: The use of ombuds processes to manage conflicts may restore trust and commitment in the organization. Key to this is the use of processes that demonstrate fair procedures and effective communication by high status organizations actors. Originality/value: This paper provides new insight into the effects of conflict and conflict management in organizations and is of value to organizational leaders, managers, ombudspersons, and other conflict management specialists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2008-00979-004 Title Competitive and cooperative conflict communication climates: The influence of ombuds processes on trust and commitment to the organization. Publication Date 2006 Language English Author Harrison, Tyler R.; Doerfel, Marya L. Email Harrison, Tyler R.: [email protected] Correspondence Address Tyler R. Harrison, [email protected] Affiliation Harrison, Department of Communication, Purdue University, West Tyler R. Lafayette, IN, US Doerfel, Department of Communication, School of Information and Marya L. Library Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, US Source International Journal of Conflict Management. Vol 17(2),2006, 129-153. ISSN 1044-4068 (Print) Publisher United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Other Publishers Ctr for Advanced Studies in Management, US Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1108/10444060610736611 Keywords competitive conflicts; cooperative conflicts; communication climate; organization; organizational trust; organizational commitment Index Terms *Competition; *Conflict; *Cooperation; *Organizational Behavior; *Organizational Commitment; Communication; Organizations Classification Codes 3660 Organizational Behavior Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location US Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Conference Annual meetings of the National Communication Association, 2004; An earlier version of this paper was presented at the aformentioned conference. Release Date 20080211 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisherAbstract1. Purpose: In this introduction of the special issue "Trust, conflict and cooperative behaviour" the focus of the special issue is introduced: because a lot of attitudinal and behavioural employees' outcomes are based on reciprocity, they should be examined as a characteristic of relationships instead of a characteristic of employees. Design/methodology approach: On a theoretical level reciprocity within organizations is considered by means of the social embeddedness approach and by means of leader member exchange. Findings: Although reciprocity in relationships is well recognised in the academic literature seemingly little empirical work has been conducted on reciprocity in manager-subordinate and subordinate- subordinate relationships. Originality/value: In this special issue, we try to fill in this gap and focus on the reciprocity within relationships to explain trust, conflict and cooperative behaviour within organisations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2006-12052-001 Title Trust, conflict and cooperative behaviour: Considering reciprocity within organizations. Publication Date 2006 Language English Author Sanders, Karin; Schyns, Birgit Email Sanders, Karin: [email protected] Correspondence Address Karin Sanders, [email protected] Affiliation Sanders, University of New South Wales, School of Industrial Relations Karin and Organisational Behaviour, Sydney, Australia Schyns, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands Birgit Source Personnel Review. Vol 35(5),2006, 508-518. ISSN 0048-3486 (Print) Publisher United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1108/00483480610682262 Keywords cooperative behaviour; trust; conflict; reciprocity; organizations; relationships; attitudinal outcomes; behavioural outcomes; employees Index Terms *Conflict; *Cooperation; *Organizations; *Reciprocity; *Trust (Social Behavior); Employee Characteristics; Organizational Behavior; Work (Attitudes Toward); Working Conditions Classification Codes 3660 Organizational Behavior Population Group Human Conference International Conference Innovating HRM?, Nov, 2003, University of Twente, Netherlands; This paper was presented at the aforementioned conference. Release Date 20061010 (PsycINFO) Links Full text from publisherAbstract1. In this article we introduce a new experimental game called Prisoner's Dilemma with Variable Dependence (PD/D), which allows players to separate their trust in their exchange partners from their cooperation with them in an ongoing relationship. The game allows researchers to observe the emergence of trust and cooperation separately, and ascertain the causal relationship between them. In six studies that use the PD/D design, we find that the players of PD/D consistently achieve very high cooperation rates, sometimes mean cooperation rates of about 95%, which are higher than in standard PD games sharing similar design features. These findings demonstrate that separating trust from cooperation is critical for building trust relations. They also show that the GRIT (Graduated Reciprocation In Tension reduction) strategy helps build such relations in the absence of mutual trust. Our results suggest that it is cooperation which leads to trust, not the other way around. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2005-10435-001 Title Separating trust from cooperation in a dynamic relationship: Prisoner's Dilemma with variable dependence. Publication Date Aug 2005 Language English Author Yamagishi, Toshio; Kanazawa, Satoshi; Mashima, Rie; Terai, Shigeru Email Yamagishi, Toshio: [email protected] Correspondence Address Toshio Yamagishi, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, N10 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan, 060-0810, [email protected] Affiliation Yamagishi, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Toshio Japan Kanazawa, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Satoshi Kingdom Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Mashima, Rie Japan Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Terai, Shigeru Japan Source Rationality and Society. Vol 17(3), Aug 2005, 275-308. ISSN 1043-4631 (Print); 1461-7358 (Electronic) Publisher US: Sage Publications Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1177/1043463105055463 Keywords prisoners dilemma; cooperation; trust; game; group dynamics; variable dependence Index Terms *Cooperation; *Group Dynamics; *Prisoners Dilemma Game; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Methodology Mathematical Model Release Date 20051024 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher   Cited by 9Abstract1. Two experiments used a 3-choice variation of the prisoner's dilemma game to explore the paradoxical implications of expected cooperation of other groups and individuals for competitiveness and cooperativeness. Experiment 1 found that an experimental manipulation of opponent trustworthiness influenced the tendency of both groups and individuals to cooperate but had no significant effect on the tendency of groups and individuals to compete-possibly because of the perceived unfairness of competing with a trustworthy other. Experiment 2 found that an experimental manipulation of categorization increased the tendency of same-category groups and individuals to cooperate (as in Experiment 1) and also increased the tendency of same-category groups, but not individuals, to compete (unlike in Experiment 1). It was further found that the tendency of same-category groups to compete more than same-category individuals was relatively stronger for participants high in guilt proneness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2005-00652-009 Title Interindividual-Intergroup Discontinuity as a Function of Trust and Categorization: The Paradox of Expected Cooperation. Publication Date Feb 2005 Publication History Accepted: Sep 6, 2004  Revised: Aug 23, 2004  First Submitted: Sep 8, 2003Language English Author Insko, Chester A.; Kirchner, Jeffrey L.; Pinter, Brad; Efaw, Jamie; Wildschut, Tim Correspondence Address Chester A. Insko, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, US, 27599-3270 Affiliation Insko, Chester Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at A. Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, US Kirchner, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Jeffrey L. Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, US Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State Pinter, Brad University, Altoona College, Altoona, PA, US United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, Efaw, Jamie NY, US Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Wildschut, Tim Southampton, United Kingdom Source Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol 88(2), Feb 2005, 365-385. ISSN 0022-3514 (Print); 1939-1315 (Electronic) Publisher US: American Psychological Association Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1037/0022-3514.88.2.365 Keywords prisoners dilemma game; expected cooperation; competitiveness; interindividual-intergroup discontinuity; trust; categorization Index Terms *Classification (Cognitive Process); *Cooperation; *Intergroup Dynamics; *Interpersonal Interaction; *Trust (Social Behavior); Competition; Prisoners Dilemma Game Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location US Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Tests and Measures Dimensions of Conscience Questionnaire; Abrasiveness and Agreeableness scales Copyright Holder American Psychological Association Year 2005 Release Date 20060710 (PsycINFO); 20050124 (PsycINFO) Correction Date 20080825 (PsycINFO)Links Full text o HTML o PDF  Full text from publisher   Cited by 20Abstract1. Purpose: To examine the psychological processes underlying the effect of leaders' self-sacrifice on follower cooperation, that is, trust and collective identification. Design/methodology/approach: The main effect of leader self-sacrifice was tested on people's willingness to cooperate. In addition, people's perceptions of trust and collective identification were assessed. These effects were tested using a public good experiment, and a cross-sectional survey in a German multinational company. Findings: The findings from both the experimental study and the cross-sectional survey showed that leader self-sacrifice has a positive effect on cooperation (measured by contributions in a public good dilemma and organizational citizenship behavior in the survey). Moreover, perceptions of trust in the leader and feelings of collective identification mediated this effect of self- sacrifice. Practical implications: The present finding indicates that organizations need to focus on and implement leadership styles based on self-sacrifice. It is suggested that one possible way to do this is to train managers more effectively in how they can clearly communicate the goals that they personally value and for the achievement of which they are willing to engage in sacrificial behavior. Originality/value: This research identifies important mediators of a leadership style considered to be effective in organizations. In addition, the findings of this research also show the usefulness of both experimental paradigms and survey studies to examine the issue of leader self-sacrifice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2007-01411-002 Title Cooperation as a function of leader self-sacrifice, trust, and identification. Publication Date 2005 Language English Author De Cremer, David; van Knippenberg, Daan Affiliation Department of Economic and Social Psychology, Tilburg De Cremer, David University, Tilburg, Netherlands van Knippenberg, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Daan Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands Source Leadership & Organization Development Journal. Vol 26(5),2005, 355-369. ISSN 0143-7739 (Print) Publisher United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1108/01437730510607853 Keywords cooperation; leader self sacrifice; trust; identification; organizational behavior Index Terms *Cooperation; *Leadership Style; *Organizational Behavior; *Trust (Social Behavior); Leadership Classification Codes 3600 Industrial & Organizational Psychology Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location Netherlands Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Grant Sponsorship This research was supported by a fellowship of The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, Grant No. 016.005.019), awarded to the first author. Release Date 20070212 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 1Abstract 1. We conduct experiments in urban slums to measure trust and cooperation and to see how behavior varies with demographic factors and associational measures of social capital. Overall, we find high contribution rates among Thai and Vietnamese participants in a voluntary contribution game, and we see that many participants are willing to signal their disapproval of free riding despite it being costly to do so. At the individual level, we find that behavior varies with many demographic factors and with many associational factors. However, these correlations often differ significantly between our two locations, indicating the role of culture, defined broadly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2004-20926-006 Title Cooperation, trust, and social capital in Southeast Asian urban slums. Publication Date Dec 2004 Language English Author Carpenter, Jeffrey P.; Daniere, Amrita G.; Takahashi, Lois M. Email Carpenter, Jeffrey P.: [email protected]; Daniere, Amrita G.: [email protected]; Takahashi, Lois M.: [email protected] Correspondence Address Jeffrey P. Carpenter, [email protected] Affiliation Carpenter, Jeffrey Department of Economics, Middlebury College, P. Middlebury, VT, US Daniere, Amrita Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, G. ON, Canada Takahashi, Lois Department of Urban Planning, University of California, Los M. Angeles, CA, US Source Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Vol 55(4), Dec 2004, 505-531. ISSN 0167-2681 (Print) Publisher Netherlands: Elsevier Science Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1016/j.jebo.2003.11.006 Keywords cooperation; trust; social capital; southeast Asian urban slums; demographic factors; social capital; behavior variation Index Terms *Cooperation; *Demographic Characteristics; *Poverty Areas; *Social Capital; *Southeast Asian Cultural Groups; Behavioral Assessment; Urban Environments Classification Codes 3040 Social Perception & Cognition Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location Thailand; Vietnam Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20050321 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisherAbstract1. We report survey and experimental evidence on trust and voluntary cooperation from more than 630 non-student and student participants in rural and urban Russia. Our subjects have a diverse socioeconomic background that we relate to the answers of a survey on trust attitudes and to contribution behavior in a one-shot public goods game. We find that the socio-economic background affects trust attitudes, but we find no separate influence of socio-economic variables on cooperative behavior in a one-shot public goods experiment. However, cooperation is significantly positively correlated to trust toward strangers and beliefs about the fairness and helpfulness of others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2004-20926-005 Title Trust, voluntary cooperation, and socio-economic background: Survey and experimental evidence. Publication Date Dec 2004 Language English Author Gächter, Simon; Herrmann, Benedikt; Thöni, Christian Email Gächter, Simon: [email protected]; Herrmann, Benedikt: [email protected]; Thöni, Christian: [email protected] Correspondence Address Simon Gächter, University of St. Gallen, FEW-HSG, Vambuelstrasse 14, St. Gallen, Switzerland, CH-9000, [email protected] Affiliation University of St. Gallen, FEW-HSG, St. Gallen, Gächter, Simon Switzerland Herrmann, Institut für Agrarökonomie, Göttingen, Germany Benedikt University of St. Gallen, FEW-HSG, St. Gallen, Thöni, Christian Switzerland Source Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Vol 55(4), Dec 2004, 505-531. ISSN 0167-2681 (Print) Publisher Netherlands: Elsevier Science Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1016/j.jebo.2003.11.006 Keywords trust; voluntary cooperation; socio-economic background Index Terms *Cooperation; *Socioeconomic Status; *Trust (Social Behavior); Surveys Classification Codes 3040 Social Perception & Cognition Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adolescence (13-17 yrs); Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young Adulthood (18- 29 yrs); Thirties (30-39 yrs) Location Russia Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20050321 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 1Abstract1. Three types of trusting have been distinguished conceptually and empirically. In cooperative trusting the trust giver explicitly expects a reaction from the trust recipient that fits with the equality norm. In pure trusting, no explicit expectation is expressed by the giver. In selfish trusting the giver explicitly expects a reaction that benefits himself or herself at the expense of the recipient. We asked whether the three types of trust elicit distinctive reactions from trust recipients. Each participant was paired with a fictitious player who ostensibly enabled him or her to divide money between them. As hypothesized, both cooperative and pure trusting elicited more equal allocations than did selfish trusting. A second hypothesis, that cooperative trust would yield more equal allocations than pure trust, was not supported. Results are discussed in terms of equality norm, self-interest norm, reciprocity norm, reactance theory, social sanctioning, and the need to comply with others' expectations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2004-21029-006 Title Cooperative, pure, and selfish trusting: Their distinctive effects on the reaction of trust recipients. Publication Date Nov-Dec 2004 Language English Author Eilam, Oren; Suleiman, Ramzi Email Eilam, Oren: [email protected] Correspondence Address Oren Eilam, Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978, [email protected] Affiliation Eilam, Oren Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Suleiman, Ramzi University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel Source European Journal of Social Psychology. Vol 34(6), Nov-Dec 2004, 729-738. ISSN 0046-2772 (Print); 1099-0992 (Electronic) Publisher US: John Wiley & Sons Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1002/ejsp.227 Keywords cooperative trusting; selfish trusting; trust recipient; trust; social interaction Index Terms *Resource Allocation; *Social Interaction; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location Israel Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20041220 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 2Abstract1. American and Japanese students, 44 and 38, respectively, participated in an experiment, and played a game together in seven- or eight-person groups. The game was a repeated version of bilateral trust game: Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) with choice of dependence. In no- information condition, participants were not told that some of the group members were from another country. In information condition, they were told that about half of the members were Japanese and the rest were Americans. We examined whether or not people trusted ingroup members (those from the same country) more than outgroup members, and whether or not they cooperated with ingroup members more than outgroup members. We found no evidence of ingroup bias in terms of trust and cooperation, and we did not find significant differences in the levels of trust or cooperation between those found among Americans and those among Japanese. On the other hand, it was found that American participants were more sensitive than Japanese counterparts, to information regarding the past trust behavior of other players when they were deciding whom they trust and whether or not they reciprocate another's trust. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2004-21602-002 Publication Date Oct 2004 Language Japanese Author Mashima, Rie; Yamagishi, Toshio; Macy, Michael Correspondence Address Rie Mashima, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan, 060-0810 Affiliation Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Mashima, Rie Japan Yamagishi, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Toshio Japan Department of Sociology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, Macy, Michael US Source Japanese Journal of Psychology. Vol 75(4), Oct 2004, 308-315. ISSN 0021-5236 (Print) Publisher Japan: Japanese Psychological Assn Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords trust; cooperation; group behavior; ingroup preference; cross cultural differences Index Terms *Cooperation; *Cross Cultural Differences; *Group Dynamics; *Ingroup Outgroup; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20050103 (PsycINFO) Abstract1. The game theoretical approach to R&D cooperation does not investigate the role of trust in the initiation and success of R&D cooperation: it either assumes that firms are non-opportunists or that the R&D cooperation is supported by an incentive mechanism that eliminates opportunism. In contrast, the present paper focuses on these issues by introducing incomplete information and two types of firms: opportunist and non-opportunist. Defining trust as the belief of each firm that its potential collaborator will respect the contract, it identifies the trust conditions under which firms initiate R&D alliances and contribute to their success. The higher the spillovers, the higher the level of trust required to initiate R&D cooperation for non- opportunists, while the inverse holds for opportunists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2005-03378-003 Title Does Trust Matter for R&D Cooperation? A Game Theoretic Examination. Publication Date Sep 2004 Language English Author Cabon-Dhersin, Marie-Laure; Ramani, Shyama V. Email Cabon-Dhersin, Marie-Laure: [email protected]; Ramani, Shyama V.: [email protected] Correspondence Address Marie-Laure Cabon-Dhersin, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Arts et Metiers, Groupe de Recherche sur le Risque, l'Information et la Decision (GRID), Maison de la Recherche de l'ESTP, 30 Avenue du President Wilson, Cachan, France, 94230, [email protected] Affiliation Cabon- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Métiers, Groupe de Dhersin, Recherche sur le Risque, l'Information et la Décision (GRID), Marie-Laure Maison de la Recherche de l'ESTP, Cachan, France Ramani, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Shyama V. Université Pierre Mendès, Grenoble, France Source Theory and Decision. Vol 57(2), Sep 2004, 143-180. ISSN 0040-5833 (Print); 1573-7187 (Electronic) Publisher Germany: Springer Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Electronic Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1007/s11238-004-3673-7 Keywords research and development; cooperation; trust; game theoretical approach; firms Index Terms *Business Organizations; *Cooperation; *Experimentation; *Game Theory; *Trust (Social Behavior); Research and Development Classification Codes 3660 Organizational Behavior; 3000 Social Psychology Population Group Human Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20050516 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 1Abstract1. This article examines the antecedents of the general trust that participants in cooperative organizations have for managers of the cooperative. We argue that what we term general trust evolves from a pattern of careful, rational thinking (cognitive-based) coupled with an examination of one's feelings, instincts and intuition (affect-based). Based on a sample of 683 members of a farmers' marketing cooperative, we found that general trust is best represented by these two distinct, yet related, constructs and that general trust has a positive effect on members' performance from their co-op membership. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2004-12886-003 Title The Cognitive and Effective Antecedents of General Trust Within Cooperative Organizations. Publication Date Spr 2004 Language English Author Morrow Jr., J. L.; Hansen, Mark H.; Pearson, Allison W. Affiliation Morrow Jr., J. L. Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, US Hansen, Mark H. Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, US Pearson, Allison W. Mississippi State University, Mississippi City, MS, US Source Journal of Managerial Issues. Vol 16(1), Spr 2004, 48-64. ISSN 1045-3695 (Print) Publisher US: Journal of Managerial Issues Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords cognitive antecedents; effective antecedents; general trust; cooperative organizations Index Terms *Business Organizations; *Management; *Organizational Behavior; *Trust (Social Behavior); Organizations Classification Codes 3600 Industrial & Organizational Psychology Population Group Human Methodology Literature Review Release Date 20050314 (PsycINFO)Links  Cited by 11Abstract1. Because partners may behave opportunistically in alliances, contractual safeguards or trust between partners are necessary for successful outcomes. However, it remains controversial whether safeguards and trust substitute or complement each other. Drawing on transaction cost theory, this study conceptualizes both contractual safeguards and trust as important control mechanisms in non-equity alliances, and develops a model that relates contractual safeguards and trust to cooperative outcomes. The hypothesis is tested with data collected from 233 architect-contractor partnerships in Hong Kong. Results show that the relationship between contractual safeguards and cooperative outcomes depends on both the level and type of trust. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2004-14569-003 Title The Role of Trust and Contractual Safeguards on Cooperation in Non-equity Alliances. Publication Date 2004 Language English Author Lui, Steven S.; Ngo, Hang-yue Email Lui, Steven S.: [email protected] Correspondence Address Steven S. Lui, Department of Management, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, [email protected] Affiliation City U Hong Kong, Dept of Management, Kowloon Tong, Lui, Steven S. Hong Kong Ngo, Hang- Chinese U Hong Kong, Dept of Management, Shatin, Hong yue Kong Source Journal of Management. Vol 30(4),2004, 471-485. ISSN 0149-2063 (Print); 1557-1211 (Electronic) Publisher US: Sage Publications Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1016/j.jm.2004.02.002 Keywords non-equity alliances; trust; contractual safeguards; business partners; architects; contractors; cooperation Index Terms *Architects; *Business; *Cooperation; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3600 Industrial & Organizational Psychology Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location Hong Kong Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20050110 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 14Abstract1. On the basis of goal/expectation theory, it was predicted that just as in interpersonal relationships, cooperation in social dilemma groups would increase only if both trust was high and group members had a common goal of cooperation. Introducing new measures of both these two processes to the social dilemma arena, the goal of mutual cooperation was assessed by the process of self-other merging (the IOS scale), and trust by assessing the extent to which one trusted others and one believed one was perceived as trustworthy by the others. Ss were 76 undergraduates. The results showed that when both self-other merging and trust was high, cooperation was indeed highest. Implications for the specific functions of trust and self-other merging in social dilemmas are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2003-00001-003 Title When do people find cooperation most justified? The effect of trust and self- other merging in social dilemmas. Publication Date Mar 2003 Language English Author De Cremer, David; Stouten, Jeroen Email De Cremer, David: [email protected] Correspondence Address David De Cremer, Dept of Experimental Psychology, Maastricht U, PO Box 616, Maastricht, Netherlands, 6200MD, [email protected] Affiliation De Cremer, Maastricht U, Dept of Experimental Psychology, Maastricht, David Netherlands Maastricht U, Dept of Experimental Psychology, Maastricht, Stouten, Jeroen Netherlands Source Social Justice Research. Vol 16(1), Mar 2003, 41-52. ISSN 0885-7466 (Print); 1573-6725 (Electronic) Publisher Germany: Springer Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1023/A:1022974027023 Keywords social dilemma; interpersonal relationships; self-other merging; mutual cooperation; trust Index Terms *Cooperation; *Interpersonal Interaction; *Social Interaction; *Social Perception; *Trust (Social Behavior); Equity (Social); Expectations; Social Behavior; Social Structure Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study Auxiliary Materials Data Sets (Internet Available) Release Date 20030616 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 7Abstract1. Two experiments using the "Prisoner's Dilemma with Variable Dependence" with a total of 70 subjects are reported. The cooperation rate was extremely high (95.1%) while the game was being repeated, but only half of the subjects cooperated in the final game. This suggests that cooperation in ongoing relations is supported by the "shadow of the future" (Axelrod, 1984). Nonetheless, most subjects trusted a partner who had behaved cooperatively toward them in the repeated games (i.e., under an incentive structure that encouraged such behavior), even in the final game, in which such an incentive basis was absent. This result indicates that the subjects failed to distinguish the two bases of expecting benign behavior from interaction partners--trust based on the inferred personal traits of the partner and assurance of cooperation based on the nature of the incentive structure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2003-00892-003 Publication Date Mar 2003 Language Japanese Author Terai, Shigeru; Morita, Yasuhiro; Yamagishi, Toshio Source The Japanese Journal of Social Psychology. Vol 18(3), Mar 2003, 172-179. ISSN 0916-1503 (Print) Publisher Japan: Japanese Society of Social Psychology Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords trust; cooperation; prisoner dilemma; variable dependence Index Terms *Cooperation; *Prisoners Dilemma Game; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Methodology Empirical Study; Quantitative Study Release Date 20040301 (PsycINFO) Correction Date 20090907 (PsycINFO) Abstract1. The present study attempts to connect cooperative behavior in the repeated play prisoner's dilemma (RPPD) with "trusting" and "reciprocal" behavior. The authors' goal is to see if people with different propensities to cooperate exhibit differing degrees of trust and reciprocity. The authors find the Ss who choose to cooperate in a RPPD game exhibit higher levels of trust. However when it comes to reciprocal behavior, cooperating subjects do not behave differently than subjects who choose to defect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2002-13429-004 Title Cooperation in social dilemmas, trust and reciprocity. Publication Date Apr 2002 Language English Author Chaudhuri, Ananish; Sopher, Barry; Strand, Paul Email Chaudhuri, Ananish: [email protected] Correspondence Address Ananish Chaudhuri, Wellesley Coll, Dept of Economics, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA, US, 02481, [email protected] Affiliation Chaudhuri, AnanishWellesley Coll, Dept of Economics, Wellesley, MA, US Sopher, Barry Rutgers U, Dept of Economics, New Brunswick, NJ, US Washington State U, Dept of Psychology, Richland, WA, Strand, Paul US Source Journal of Economic Psychology. Vol 23(2), Apr 2002, 231-250. ISSN 0167-4870 (Print) Publisher Netherlands: Elsevier Science Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1016/S0167-4870(02)00065-X Keywords cooperation; social dilemmas; trust; reciprocity; repeated play prisoner's dilemma game Index Terms *Cooperation; *Prisoners Dilemma Game; *Reciprocity; *Social Interaction; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 20020529 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher   Cited by 8Abstract1. Examined the relationship between cooperation and trust in interpersonal trust formation. Ss were 87 male and 63 female undergraduates in Sapporo, Japan, divided into 2 groups. One group (98 Ss) was administered Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) games with choice of dependence (PD/D; R. Kakiuchi et al, 1997 and 2000), and the other group (52 Ss) was administered PD in June and October, 1999. All explanations about PD/D and PD were conducted using individual PCs. Each group was administered 60 trials (6–8 Ss in each trial) of PD/D or PD. Ss were asked to exchange 10 coins with a partner. After 24 trials, Ss' partners were switched according to their cooperation rate. Ss' formations of trust relations in PD and PD/D were compared. Ss' strategies used to build trustful relationship were analyzed. The results show: (1) that a higher level of cooperation appeared in PD/D than in PD; (2) that the 2 partners trusted each other and reciprocated the other's trusting behavior; and (3) that Ss in PD/D adopted a "cautious and unconditional cooperation strategy" rather than a "tit for tat" strategy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2002-00274-006 Publication Date Dec 2001 Language Japanese Author Matsuda, Masafumi; Yamagishi, Toshio Affiliation Matsuda, Masafumi Hokkaido U, Graduate School of Letters, Sapporo, Japan Yamagishi, Toshio Hokkaido U, Graduate School of Letters, Sapporo, Japan Source Japanese Journal of Psychology. Vol 72(5), Dec 2001, 413-421. ISSN 0021-5236 (Print) Publisher Japan: Japanese Psychological Assn Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords cooperation; trust; prisoner's dilemma; choice of dependence Index Terms *Cooperation; *Prisoners Dilemma Game; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location Japan Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 20020327 (PsycINFO) Abstract1. Discusses the relationship between democracy and trust, noting the current lack of an integrative theory of trust. Existing literature is united in its recognition that the preferable democratic order should be rooted in trust relations. This assertion that democracy and trust are connected is based on the assumption that either civil society or institutional frameworks are prerequisite for achieving a healthy and stable democracy. It is argued that the communitarian and republican solutions to the deficit of trust should supplement each other. Only joint implementation of these two strategies for recovering trust can activate formal and informal mechanisms of trust production. A society that achieves an appropriate balance between the informality and formality of interactional practices is the one able to create conditions for cooperation and engagement in the public sphere. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2002-00454-001 Title Trust and cooperation: The democratic public sphere. Publication Date Dec 2001 Language English Author Misztal, Barbara A. Affiliation Griffith U, School of Humanities, Brisbane, QLD, Misztal, Barbara A. Australia Source Journal of Sociology. Vol 37(4), Dec 2001, 371-386. ISSN 1440-7833 (Print); 1741-2978 (Electronic) Other Serial Titles Australian & New Zealand Journal of Sociology Publisher US: Sage Publications Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1177/144078301128756409 Keywords democracy; trust; cooperation Index Terms *Cooperation; *Democracy; *Theories; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 2910 Social Structure & Organization Release Date 20020313 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 1Abstract1. This article discusses comparative data on social play behavior to broaden the array of species in which researchers attempt to study animal morality. The author is particularly concerned with the notion of behaving fairly, the notion that animals often have social expectations when they engage in various sorts of social encounters. The violation of those expectations constitutes being treated unfairly because of a lapse in social etiquette. The author cautions against being a cognitive or moral speciesist because we do not have sufficient data to limit cognitive skills and emotional capacities necessary for empathy or behavior fairly to particular species. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2001-00024-005 Title Social play behaviour: Cooperation, fairness, trust and the evolution of morality. Publication Date Feb 2001 Language English Author Bekoff, Mark Affiliation Bekoff, U Colorado, Dept of Environment, Population & Organismic Mark Biology, Boulder, CO, US Source Journal of Consciousness Studies. Vol 8(2), Feb 2001, 81-90. ISSN 1355-8250 (Print) Publisher US: Imprint Academic Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords social play behavior & empathy & morality & fairness, animals Index Terms *Animal Play; *Animal Social Behavior; *Empathy; *Morality Classification Codes 2400 Animal Experimental & Comparative Psychology Population Group Animal Release Date 20010425 (PsycINFO)Links  Cited by 27Abstract1. Based on a model about the origin of trust among persons, who are meeting for the first time, the influence of video-mediated communication on confidence building was tested. Two groups were compared, one carrying out a cooperative task face-to-face, the other using a video-conferencing system. Ss were aged 21–36 yrs. Three measurements were taken. Measurement 1 registered the effects of anticipation. One group was instructed to get to know somebody face- to-face, the other group should meet their partner by videoconference. Measurement 2 registered the amount of trust the subjects had developed in their partner during the session. Measurement 3 was the analysis of the interpersonal interaction processes during the conversation. The results were that Ss who anticipated a videoconference showed no difference in mean, but a highly reduced variability in their assessment of their counterpart compared to those subjects who anticipated a meeting face-to-face. A similar pattern was observed for measurement 2. However, no systematically meaningful difference in the behavioral categories of measurement 3 could be found. The results are similar to experiments mostly carried out in the 1970s and 1980s, which focused on comparisons between face-to-face and mediated communication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1999-01113-004 Title Teams without trust? Investigations in the influence of video-mediated communication on the origin of trust among cooperating persons. Publication Date Sep-Oct 1999 Language English Author Mühlfelder, M.; Klein, U.; Simon, S.; Luczak, H. Affiliation Mühlfelder, Aachen U of Technology, Inst of Industrial Engineering & M. Ergonomics, Aachen, Germany Source Behaviour & Information Technology. Vol 18(5), Sep-Oct 1999, 349-360. ISSN 0144-929X (Print); 1362-3001 (Electronic) Publisher United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1080/014492999118931 Keywords face-to-face vs video-mediated team communication & origins of trust in cooperative activity, 21–36 yr olds Index Terms *Audiovisual Communications Media; *Cooperation; *Interpersonal Interaction; *Teams; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs); Thirties (30-39 yrs) Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 20000201 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 2Abstract1. Through a study of male greetings among olive baboons, this paper illustrates how ritual in R. A. Rappaport's (1979) sense may indeed intensify cooperation in socially complex but nonlinguistic contexts by establishing a behaviorally transparent means of certifying otherwise opaque individual intentions. Thus, not only may ritual sanctify symbolic communication, but it also may have played a crucial role in its evolution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2000-00826-001 Title Explaining religion without explaining it away: Trust, truth, and the evolution of cooperation in Roy A. Rappaport's "The Obvious Aspects of Ritual". Publication Date Mar 1999 Language English Author Watanabe, John M.; Smuts, Barbara B. Affiliation Watanabe, John M. Dartmouth Coll, Dept of Anthropology, Hanover, NH, US Source American Anthropologist. Vol 101(1), Mar 1999, 98-112. ISSN 0002-7294 (Print) Publisher US: Univ of California Press Other Publishers Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1525/aa.1999.101.1.98 Keywords greetings & social cooperation & ritual, male baboons Index Terms *Animal Communication; *Animal Social Behavior; *Cooperation; *Rites (Nonreligious); Baboons; Male Animals Classification Codes 2440 Social & Instinctive Behavior Population Group Animal; Male Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 20001101 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher   Cited by 16Abstract1. Social and economic exchanges often occur between strangers who cannot rely on past behavior or the prospect of future interactions to establish mutual trust. Game theorists formalize this problem as a "one-shot prisoner's dilemma" and predict mutual noncooperation. Recent studies, however, challenge this conclusion. If the game provides an option to exit (or to refuse to play), strategies based on projection (of a player's intentions) and detection (of the intentions of a stranger) can confer a cooperator's advantage. Yet previous research has not found a way for these strategies to evolve from a random start or to recover from invasion by aggressive strategies that feign trustworthiness. We use computer simulation to show how trust and cooperation between strangers can evolve without formal or informal social controls. The outcome decisively depends, however, on 2 structural conditions: the payoff for refusing to play, and the embeddedness of interaction. Effective norms for trusting strangers emerge locally, in exchanges between neighbors, and then diffuse through "weak ties" to outsiders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1998-12763-002 Title The evolution of trust and cooperation between strangers: A computational model. Publication Date Oct 1998 Language English Author Macy, Michael W.; Skvoretz, John Affiliation Macy, Michael W. Cornell U, Dept of Sociology, Ithaca, NY, US Source American Sociological Review. Vol 63(5), Oct 1998, 638-660. ISSN 0003-1224 (Print) Publisher US: American Sociological Assn Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.2307/2657332 Keywords computer simulation of evolution of trust & cooperation between strangers Index Terms *Computer Simulation; *Cooperation; *Trust (Social Behavior); Stranger Reactions Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 19981201 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher   Cited by 49Abstract1. Strategic alliances have been recognized as arenas with potential for opportunistic behavior by partners. Hence, a firm needs to have an adequate level of confidence in its partner's cooperative behavior. In this article we examine the notion of confidence in partner cooperation in alliances and suggest that it comes from two distinct sources: trust and control. We make the argument that trust and control are parallel concepts and that their relationship is of a supplementary character in generating confidence. In addition, we suggest that control mechanisms have an impact on trust level and that the trust level moderates the effect of control mechanisms in determining the control level. Finally, we discuss various ways to build trust within strategic alliances and important alliance control mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1998-11714-010 Title Between trust and control: Developing confidence in partner cooperation in alliances. Publication Date Jul 1998 Language English Author Das, T. K.; Teng, Bing-Sheng Affiliation Das, T. City U of New York, Baruch Coll, Zicklin School of Business, New K. York, NY, US Source Academy of Management Review. Vol 23(3), Jul 1998, 491-512. ISSN 0363-7425 (Print); 1930-3807 (Electronic) Publisher US: Academy of Management Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.2307/259291 Keywords trust & control in confidence of partner cooperation in strategic alliances, firms Index Terms *Business Organizations; *Cooperation; *Organizational Behavior; *Social Control; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3660 Organizational Behavior Population Group Human Release Date 19990101 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 174Abstract 1. In this article we analyze the way that trust evolves in organizations and how it influences cooperation and teamwork. We propose that the experience of trust is determined by the interplay of people's values, attitudes, and moods and emotions. Then, using the perspective of symbolic interactionism, we examine how trust evolves and changes over time by describing two distinct states or forms of trust: conditional and unconditional. We look, too, at the factors involved in the dissolution of trust. Finally, we explore the relationship between trust and an important component of organizational performance and competitive advantage: interpersonal cooperation and teamwork. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1998-11714-012 Title The experience and evolution of trust: Implications for cooperation and teamwork. Publication Date Jul 1998 Language English Author Jones, Gareth R.; George, Jennifer M. Affiliation Texas A&M University, Graduate School of Business, TX, Jones, Gareth R. US Source Academy of Management Review. Vol 23(3), Jul 1998, 531-546. ISSN 0363-7425 (Print); 1930-3807 (Electronic) Publisher US: Academy of Management Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.2307/259293 Keywords symbolic interactionism perspective on forms & evolution of trust & influence on cooperation & teamwork in organizational settings Index Terms *Cooperation; *Organizational Behavior; *Symbolic Interactionism; *Teams; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3660 Organizational Behavior Population Group Human Release Date 19990101 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 187Abstract1. According to Self-Categorization Theory, people may define their self- concept in terms of collective identity when engaged in intergroup comparisons and in terms of personal identity when engaged in interpersonal comparisons. This difference in level of categorization (collective versus personal identity) is believed to affect the extent people identify with their group and subsequently their behavior in social dilemma situations. The present study investigated whether people contribute more in a public goods dilemma when collective identity is made salient than when personal identity is made salient, and further which processes may underlie this behavioral effect. Ss were 93 undergraduates. Results reveal that people identified more strongly with the collective and contributed more when collective identity was made salient compared to when personal identity was made salient. Furthermore, this behavioral effect seemed to be mediated by perceptions of self-efficacy rather than by perceptions of the trustworthiness of people's fellow group members. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 2001-03250-001 Title Collective identity and cooperation in a public goods dilemma: A matter of trust or self-efficacy?. Publication Date Apr 1998 Language English Author De Cremer, David; van Vugt, Mark Email De Cremer, David: [email protected] Affiliation De Cremer, U Southampton, Dept of Psychology, Southampton, United David Kingdom Source Current Research in Social Psychology. Vol 3(1), Apr 1998, 1-11. ISSN 1088-7423 (Electronic) Publisher US: Univ of Iowa Format Availability Electronic Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords self-categorization theory; self concept; collective identity; intergroup comparisons; personal identity; behavior in social dilemma situations; college students Index Terms *Self Concept; *Self Perception; *Social Comparison; *Social Identity; *Social Issues; Intergroup Dynamics; Social Behavior Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Location United Kingdom Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 20010808 (PsycINFO)Links  Cited by 9Abstract1. Considers the most basic sequential game (i.e., the game of trust), in which the 1st mover starts by deciding between cooperation and noncooperation, whereas the 2nd mover can only react in case of cooperation by either exploiting the other player or by dividing the rewards equally. The unique subgame perfect equilibrium predicts noncooperation, although this is payoff-dominated by fair cooperation. Experiments were conducted with economics students to assess whether there was trust in the other player's fairness, and, if so, whether it enabled mutually beneficial cooperation. When positions were auctioned, there was no trust. When positions were allocated randomly, the considerably often occurring trust was rarely rewarded. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1997-07740-002 Title Cooperation based on trust. An experimental investigation. Publication Date Feb 1997 Language English Author Güth, Werner; Ockenfels, Peter; Wendel, Markus Affiliation Güth, Humboldt-U zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Inst Werner für Wirschaftstheorie, Germany Source Journal of Economic Psychology. Vol 18(1), Feb 1997, 15-43. ISSN 0167-4870 (Print) Publisher Netherlands: Elsevier Science Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1016/S0167-4870(96)00045-1 Keywords random allocation vs auction of 1st vs 2nd player position, cooperation based on trust vs noncooperation & game payoff parameters, college economics students Index Terms *Economics; *Experimental Design; *Games; *Rewards; *Trust (Social Behavior); Cooperation; Game Theory Classification Codes 2900 Social Processes & Social Issues Population Group Human; Male; Female Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 19970101 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 11Abstract1. Explored the effects of 2 types of interpersonal trust: general trust and specific trust, on cooperative choices n 2-person prisoner's dilemma game, and examined the role of pre-experimental communication in development of trust. 80 college students were given 10 points at the beginning of every trial and then made the decision to contribute all the points to the benefit of the pair (i.e., cooperate) or not (i.e., defect). Results reveal (1) the effects of 2 types of trust were contingent upon opportunity for communication, (2) communication type strongly affected specific trust towards the partner with whom communication had taken place, and (3) uncooperative communication contributed to the cooperation rates indirectly through specific trust towards the communicated partner, whereas cooperative communication explained the cooperation rates directly. The possibility of specific trust becoming generalized toward general trust is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1996-04255-008 Title Effects of trust and communication on cooperative choice in a two-person prisoner's dilemma game. Publication Date Mar 1996 Language English Author Mori, Kumiko Affiliation Mori, Kumiko Nagoya U, Dept of Educational Psychology, Nagoya, Japan Source Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol 35(3), Mar 1996, 324-336. ISSN 0387-7973 (Print) Publisher Japan: Japanese Group Dynamics Assn Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords general vs specific trust, cooperative choice in 2-person prisoner's dilemma game, college students, conference presentation Index Terms *Cooperation; *Prisoners Dilemma Game; *Social Psychology; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3040 Social Perception & Cognition Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 19960101 (PsycINFO) Abstract1. Conducted a computer study of the emergence of cooperation in 1-shot prisoner's dilemma by applying the selective play paradigm, which includes the option of not playing a prisoner's dilemma game. A computer simulation of 100 actor groups was performed. At the beginning of each replication, each simulated actor was assigned randomly to 1 of 11 levels of trust, which indicated the actor's estimate of the groups' overall cooperation rate. Each simulated actor decided whether or not to interact with the previous partner based on the calculated expected gains from interacting with 1 of the other partners. The cooperator's advantage was analyzed. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1996-86391-001 Publication Date Aug 1995 Language Japanese Author Hayashi, Naoko Affiliation Hayashi, Naoko Hokkaido U, Faculty of Letters, Sapporo, Japan Source Japanese Journal of Psychology. Vol 66(3), Aug 1995, 184-190. ISSN 0021-5236 (Print) Publisher Japan: Japanese Psychological Assn Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords emergence of cooperation in 1-shot prisoner's dilemma, computer simulated actors Index Terms *Cooperation; *Prisoners Dilemma Game; Computer Simulation Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Release Date 19960801 (PsycINFO) Abstract1. Assesses a theoretical framework for studying interpersonal trust in organizations, factors influencing the development of trust relationships, and the mechanisms by which trust influences behavior and performance. An initial test of the proposed theoretical framework was conducted in a field setting with 194 managers and professionals who reported on cross-functional relationships with peers at work. Findings indicate that the beliefs of managers about the trustworthiness of peers can be measured along 2 dimensions: extent of affect-based and cognition-based trust. In general, levels of cognition-based trust were higher than levels of affect-based trust, a finding consistent with the understanding that some level of cognition-based trust is necessary for affect-based trust to develop. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1995-35207-001 Title Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Publication Date Feb 1995 Language English Author McAllister, Daniel J. Affiliation McAllister, Daniel Georgetown U, School of Business Administration, J. Washington, DC, US Source Academy of Management Journal. Vol 38(1), Feb 1995, 24-59. Special Issue Title Special Issue: Intra- and Interorganizational Cooperation ISSN 0001-4273 (Print) Publisher US: Academy of Management Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.2307/256727 Keywords affect & cognitions in development of interpersonal trust & cooperation in organizations, managers & professionals Index Terms *Cooperation; *Employee Interaction; *Trust (Social Behavior); Cognitions; Emotions; Employee Attitudes; Management Personnel; Organizational Behavior; Professional Personnel Classification Codes 3660 Organizational Behavior Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 19950901 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 403Abstract1. Investigated the effects of 2 components of group singing (music and activity) on trust and cooperation, using 96 adult Israeli males (aged 22–41 yrs). Relationships between (a) music and trust and (b) activity and cooperation were predicted. Group singing was expected to yield the highest trust and cooperation scores. Ss participated in a single session of one of the following activities: group singing (music/activity), listening to music (music/no activity), poetry reading (no music/activity), and film viewing (no music/no activity). Ss also played a prisoner's dilemma game and completed a trust differential questionnaire. Results confirm the predictions for the effects of music on trust and of activity on cooperation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1989-22318-001 Title The influence of group singing on trust and cooperation. Publication Date Fal 1988 Language English Author Anshel, Anat; Kipper, David A. Affiliation Anshel, Anat Bar-Ilan U, Ramat Gan, Israel Source Journal of Music Therapy. Vol 25(3), Fal 1988, 145-155. ISSN 0022-2917 (Print) Publisher US: American Music Therapy Assn Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords group singing, trust & cooperation, 22–41 yr old males, Israel Index Terms *Cooperation; *Group Participation; *Music; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 19890701 (PsycINFO)Links  Cited by 7Abstract1. Studied bargaining and coalition formation in a cooperative normal- form game. Human subjects: Nine normal male and female Germans. The Ss were sophisticated bargainers who met each other more than once in successive experimental games. The Ss' use of the various possibilities of coalition formation was compared with that of naive Ss who participated in an earlier experiment by Henss and A. Ostmann (1985). (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1989-70022-001 Title Kooperation, Stabilität und Vertrauen in einem kooperativen Normalformspiel. / Cooperation, stability, and trust in a cooperative normal- form game. Publication Date 1986 Language German Author Henss, Ronald Affiliation Henss, Ronald U Saarlandes, Psychologisches Inst, Saarbrücken, Germany Source Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie. Vol 17(1),1986, 31-39. ISSN 0044-3514 (Print) Other Serial Titles Social Psychology Publisher Switzerland: Verlag Hans Huber Other Publishers Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, Germany Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords bargaining & coalition formation & trust in cooperative normal form game, sophisticated bargainers, Germany Index Terms *Bargaining; *Coalition Formation; *Cooperation; *Games; *Trust (Social Behavior); Experience Level Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 19890101 (PsycINFO) Abstract1. Tested the hypothesis that when situational cues are ambiguous, Ss will rely heavily on 1st impressions of strangers. 80 male undergraduates participated in a message-modified prisoner's dilemma game, in which the 1st impressions of a source of noncontingent promises (each S's imaginary partner) were manipulated to be either good–impotent (harmless) or bad–potent (harmful). The source was either 100 or 0% reliable in fulfilling his promises, and the instructions were either individualistic or competitive. Results show that initial trust by Ss was affected by both 1st impressions and the source's reliability. However, Ss displayed the most overall trust when they perceived the promiser as good and impotent. On nonmessage trials, Ss were more cooperative when a good–impotent impression conflicted with competitive instructions. Overall, when Ss had blatant contradictory information they discounted all but their impressions of their opponent, but when cues were consistent with one another, Ss based their nonmessage trial responses on some algebraic summing of the information available to them. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1986-03713-001 Title Effects of first impressions and reliability of promises on trust and cooperation. Publication Date Feb 1985 Language English Author Quigley-Fernandez, Barbara; Malkis, Farrell S.; Tedeschi, James T. Affiliation Quigley-Fernandez, Barbara Montana State U, Boteman Source British Journal of Social Psychology. Vol 24(1), Feb 1985, 29-36. ISSN 0144-6665 (Print) Publisher United Kingdom: British Psychological Society Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Keywords reliability of promises & 1st impressions, trust & cooperation, college students Index Terms *Cooperation; *Impression Formation; *Trust (Social Behavior); Prisoners Dilemma Game Classification Codes 3040 Social Perception & Cognition Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 19860201 (PsycINFO)Links  Cited by 2Abstract1. Tested 2 related processes that were hypothesized to mediate the effect of cooperative orientation on cooperative behavior in a conflict situation: development of trust and development of positive reciprocity. Each experiment used a 2-person game situation with 1- way feedback. Undergraduates served as Ss in Exp I, and 77 men and women were Ss in Exp II. Independent variables were orientation (to group vs individual outcomes); level of cooperative feedback (high vs low); gender (male vs female dyads); and, in Exp I, risk (dilemma vs no-risk goal structure); and, in Exp II, order (behavior occurring early in the experiment vs behavior occurring later). Dependent variables were choices and guesses about other's next choice. Results show a significant main effect of orientation, feedback, and risk on choices and correlation between guesses and choices in some but not all conditions. In Exp I, hypotheses about interaction effects derived from the trust model were supported while in Exp II no interaction effects appeared. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1984-20455-001 Title Cooperative orientation, trust, and reciprocity. Publication Date Mar 1984 Language English Author Meeker, Barbara F. Affiliation Meeker, Barbara F. U Maryland, College Park Source Human Relations. Vol 37(3), Mar 1984, 225-243. ISSN 0018-7267 (Print); 1741-282X (Electronic) Publisher US: Sage Publications Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1177/001872678403700304 Keywords cooperative orientation & high vs low feedback & male vs female dyads, cooperative behavior in conflict situation, college students Index Terms *Cooperation; *Feedback; *Human Sex Differences; *Interpersonal Influences Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 19840801 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher  Cited by 4Abstract1. Examined the role of potential inequity at the outset of a 2-person exchange on the S's production of equity and the development and expansion of trusting behavior in which trusting is a combination of 2 effects: equity at end of session and expansion of within-session inequity. Trustful behavior was defined in terms of the consecutive numbers of matching-to-sample problems worth money that each S worked during sessions that ended in an equitable distribution. Two stages of acquisition are inherent in this definition; the 1st stage requires acquisition of an equitable method of distributing reinforcers (cooperation) to show that the within-session deviations (trust) from equity that develop during the 2nd stage are temporary and are not part of an inequitable method of distributing reinforcers. Previous research has indicated that a contingency to trust is necessary to override the aversiveness of the inequity inherent in trusting and to produce consistent and maximal trust (half of the problems worked consecutively by each S). The present experiment with 16 undergraduates examined such a contingency. The trust contingency was an increased requirement for changing the direction of problem allocation. Only the S who had been allocated a problem could change that allocation. No separate responses were required to allow the S who worked the last problem to also work the next one (passive trust). Hence, giving a problem was the only way to increase the distribution of problems to the other S and hence prevent oneself from receiving all of the reinforcers. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) Unique Identifier 1984-15016-001 Title Fast acquisition of cooperation and trust: A two-stage view of trusting behavior. Publication Date Sep 1983 Language English Author Schmid, Tom L.; Hake, Don F. Affiliation Schmid, Tom L. American U in Cairo, Egypt Source Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Vol 40(2), Sep 1983, 179- 192. ISSN 0022-5002 (Print) Publisher US: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Format Availability Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1901/jeab.1983.40-179 Keywords role of potential inequity at outset of 2-person exchange, production of equity & development & expansion of trusting behavior, college students Index Terms *Cooperation; *Equity (Payment); *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3040 Social Perception & Cognition Population Group Human Age Group Adulthood (18 yrs & older) Methodology Empirical Study Release Date 19840601 (PsycINFO)Links Full text from publisher Abstract1. Related the points in C. E. Osgood's (1974) graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction (GRIT) proposal for reducing conflict through a program of conciliatory initiatives to theory and concepts concerned with developing trust and the attribution of trustworthiness. A framework for organizing and making meaningful the results of experimental game studies of conciliatory approaches to conflict management is provided. In general, support for the steps in the GRIT proposal was provided by these studies. The steps may be viewed as effective means for inducing attributions of trustworthiness and, because trust is essential to the resolution of mixed-motive conflict, for bringing about cooperation. It is suggested that some ambiguity remains concerning the requirements that the initiator precisely match the conciliatory and escalatory actions of the target. (4 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Unique Identifier 1979-23571-001 Title Trust development, the GRIT proposal, and the effects of conciliatory acts on conflict and cooperation. Publication Date Jul 1978 Language English Author Lindskold, Svenn Affiliation Lindskold, Svenn Ohio U Source Psychological Bulletin. Vol 85(4), Jul 1978, 772-793. ISSN 0033-2909 (Print); 1939-1455 (Electronic) Publisher US: American Psychological Association Other Publishers Psychological Review Company, US; The Macmillan Company, US; The Review Publishing Company, US Format Availability Electronic; Print Format Covered Print Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type Journal Article Digital Object Identifier 10.1037/0033-2909.85.4.772 Keywords trust development & conciliatory acts, cooperation & conflict management Index Terms *Conflict; *Cooperation; *Negotiation; *Trust (Social Behavior) Classification Codes 3020 Group & Interpersonal Processes Population Group Human Copyright Holder American Psychological Association Year 1978 Release Date 20060329 (PsycINFO); 19790101 (PsycINFO)

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