<p>Assignment #4 – BIO515</p><p>Zar Chapter 10 – problems 10.1, 10.2, 10.5</p><p>Zar Chapter 11 – problems 11.1a and b, 11.3a and b</p><p>Additional problems: Use the two data sets contained in Assignment 4 data sets.xls. </p><p>1. For the squid abundance data set, conduct an appropriate test to determine if squid abundance differs significantly among reefs. If you find that the reefs differ in the abundance of squids, then conduct a posteriori tests to determine which reefs are different from which others using two different multiple comparison procedures: the Tukey HSD test and the Newman-Keuls test. Indicate whether the results from these tests are in agreement.</p><p>2. For the bird egg length data set, also conduct an appropriate test to determine if bird egg length differs among species. Assume that before you conducted this test you hypothesized about 3 contrasts a priori. These were that (1) Meadow Pipits, Wagtails, and Robins would be different than the other 3 bird species, (2)Hedge Sparrows would differ from Wrens, and (3)Tree Pipits would be different than all other birds. Use the approach we outlined in class to evaluate these a priori contrasts.</p><p>***For problem 10.1 and the squid abundance data set, you should do all of your calculations by hand. This doesn’t mean you can’t use a calculator or use Excel as a calculator, it just means don’t use the shortcuts in Excel. I want to see how you calculated the SS and MS, etc. (you can check your answers using Excel, but you should do the problems by hand first and turn in these efforts).*** </p><p>For the other problems, you are free to use Excel shortcuts to make any of the calculations, but you still need to turn in a written or typed assignment that outlines the steps (e.g., equations you used) that you took for each problem.</p>