THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT THE SIXTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Hanoi, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ 4 LIST OF FIGURES & MAPS ...................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION OF 6th NATIONAL REPORT.................................................................... 1 Section I. Information on the targets being pursued at the national level ............................... 2 Section III. Assessment of progress towards each national target ......................................... 27 Section IV. Description of the national contribution to the achievement of each global Aichi Biodiversity Target ...................................................................................................................... 37 Aichi Biodiversity Target 1: Awareness of biodiversity increased ........................................... 37 Aichi Biodiversity Target 2: Biodiversity values integrated ..................................................... 39 Aichi Biodiversity Target 3: Incentives reformed ..................................................................... 44 Aichi Biodiversity Target 4: Sustainable production and consumption ................................... 49 Aichi Biodiversity Target 5: Habitat loss halved or reduced .................................................... 56 Aichi Biodiversity Target 6: Sustainable management of aquatic living resources ................. 70 Aichi Biodiversity Target 7: Sustainable agriculture, aquaculture and forestry ....................... 80 Aichi Biodiversity Target 8: Pollution reduced ........................................................................ 89 Aichi Biodiversity Target 9: Invasive alien species prevented and controlled ......................... 98 Aichi Biodiversity Target 10: Ecosystems vulnerable to climate change ............................... 100 Aichi Biodiversity Target 11: Protected areas ........................................................................ 109 Aichi Biodiversity Target 12: Reducing risk of extinction ..................................................... 122 Aichi Biodiversity Target 13: Safeguarding genetic diversity ................................................ 132 Aichi Biodiversity Target 14: Ecosystem Services ................................................................. 137 Aichi Biodiversity Target 15: Climate resilience .................................................................... 142 Aichi Biodiversity Target 16: The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing ............ 147 Aichi Biodiversity Target 17: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan .................................... 150 Aichi Biodiversity Target 18: Traditional Knowledge ........................................................... 154 Aichi Biodiversity Target 19: Sharing Information and Knowledge ...................................... 156 Aichi Biodiversity Target 20: Mobilize resources from all sources ....................................... 157 Section V. Describe the contribution of the country to achieve the objectives of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (complete this section as an option). ................................. 170 Objective GSPC 1: An online flora of all known plants ......................................................... 176 Objective GSPC 2: An assessment of the conservation status of known plant speciesfor conservation actions ................................................................................................................ 178 Objective GSPC 3: Information, research and associated outputs, and methods necessary to implement the Strategy developed and shared ........................................................................ 178 Objective GSPC 4: At least 15 per cent of each ecological region or vegetation type secured through effective management and/or restoration ................................................................... 179 Objective GSPC 5: At least 75 per cent of the most important areas for plant diversity of each ecological region protected with effective management in place for conserving plants and their genetic diversity ...................................................................................................................... 179 Objective GSPC 6: At least 75 per cent of production lands in each sector managed sustainably, consistent with the conservation of plant diversity ............................................. 181 Objective GSPC 7: At least 75 per cent of known threatened plant species conserved in-situ ................................................................................................................................................. 181 Objective GSPC 8: At least 75 per cent of threatened plant species in ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20 per cent available for recovery and restoration programmes ........................................................................................................... 181 Objective GSPC 9: 70 per cent of the genetic diversity of crops including their wild relatives and other socio-economically valuable plant species conserved, while respecting, preserving and maintaining associated indigenous and local knowledge ................................................. 182 Objective GSPC 10: Effective management plans in place to prevent new biological invasions and to manage important areas for plant diversity that are invaded ........................................ 183 Objective GSPC 11: No species of wild flora endangered by international trade .................. 183 Objective GSPC 12: All wild harvested plant-based products sourced sustainably ............... 183 Objective GSPC 13: Indigenous and local knowledge innovations and practices associated with plant resources maintained or increased, as appropriate, to support customary use, sustainable livelihoods, local food security and health care ................................................... 185 Objective GSPC 14: The importance of plant diversity and the need for its conservation incorporated into communication, education and public awareness programmes .................. 185 Objective GSPC 15: The number of trained people working with appropriate facilities sufficient according to national needs, to achieve the targets of this Strategy ........................ 186 Objective GSPC 16: Institutions, networks and partnerships for plant conservation established or strengthened at national, regional and international levels to achieve the targets of this Strategy .................................................................................................................................... 187 Section VI. Additional information on the contributions of indigenous peoples and local communities (completion of this section is optional) .............................................................. 187 Section VII. Updated national profile on biodiversity ........................................................... 188 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Comparison of relevance between Vietnam NBSAP’s 4 objectives, tasks and measures and Aichi biodiversity targets by corresponding indicators Table 2. Measures and results achieved 21 Table 3. Implementation results of quantitative targets of Viet 28 Nam NBSAP Table 4. Distribution and area of coral reefs in coastal 65 seawaters in Viet Nam Table 5. Fishery production in 2017 72 Table 6. The sampling ratio exceeding the standards of air 91 environment parameters measured from 2012 to 2016 Table 7. Water quality index of urban rivers in Hanoi 92 Table 8. Risks of inundations due to sea level rise caused by 103 climate change to delta and coastal provinces Table 9. Coral growth rate (%) in the South China Sea and CO2 107 emission Table 10. Results of protected areas system review 110 Table 11. Development progress of biodiversity corridors to 121 2020 Table 12. GEF funded biodiversity related projects implemented 162 in Viet Nam from 2000 to 2017 Table 13. Projects and programmes from other development 165 donors for biodiversity Table 14. Estimated annual expenditure of VNFF by objectives 166 during the period of 2011-2015 Table 15. 24 floral genera newly described to science recorded in 178 Viet Nam since 1993 LIST OF FIGURES & MAPS Figure 1. Biodiversity maps of Xuan Thuy National Park and 44 other coastal islands Figure 2. Map on distribution of coral reefs and seagrass beds 44 around the Ly Son island, Quang Ngai province Figure 3. Changes in the area of natural forests and plantation 57 forests from 2010 to 2017 Figure 4. Changes in forest cover from 2010 to 2017 58 Figure 5. Forest cover and forest loss from 200 to 2017 58 Figure 6. Biodiversity Integrity Index 59 Figure 7. Ecological footprint 2009 59 Figure 8. Map of vegetation types 60 Figure 9. Changes in the area of mangrove forests from 2010 to 61 2017 Figure 10. Mangrove Forest Cover for the 21st Century (2014) 62 Figure 11. Distribution of Seagrasses by 2017 64 Figue 12. Distribution of coral reefs by 2010 67 Figure 13. Map of large dams and hypropowers in Viet Nam 75 Figure 14. Fishing zones in Viet Nam’s sea areas 77 Figure 15. High concentration area for juvenile fish (natural nursery 79 grounds) in Vietnamese seas Figure 16. Map