Environmental Assessment for Restoration of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout to the Las Animas Creek Watershed New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region, USDA Forest Service, Gila National Forest, and Turner Ranch Properties, LP 14 January 2014 Prepared by: Blue Earth Ecological Consultants, Inc. 1345 Pacheco Street Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 14 January 2014 CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT . 1 1.1 Introduction .................................................... 1 1.2 Proposed Action.................................................. 1 1.3 Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout .......................................... 5 1.4 Project Purpose and Need............................................ 7 1.5 Decision to be Made............................................... 9 1.6 Compliance with Laws, Regulations, and Plans . 9 1.6.1 National Regulations........................................... 9 1.6.2 Forest Land Management Plan ................................... 10 1.7 Public Participation............................................... 10 1.8 Issues ....................................................... 10 1.9 Authorizations and Permits Required . 11 2.0 ALTERNATIVES, INCLUDING THE NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE . 12 2.1 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Analysis . 12 2.1.1 Genetic Swamping ........................................... 12 2.1.2 Removal of Nonnative Trout by Electrofishing . 12 2.2 Alternatives Analyzed in Detail....................................... 13 2.2.1 No Action Alternative......................................... 13 2.2.2 Proposed Action............................................. 13 2.2.2.1 Salvage of Native Species................................... 13 2.2.2.2 Removal of Nonnative Fish.................................. 14 2.2.2.3 Stocking Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout and Other Native Species . 16 2.2.2.4 Implementation Schedule ................................... 17 2.2.2.5 Design Criteria ......................................... 17 2.2.2.6 Monitoring and Adaptive Management Actions . 18 2.3 Comparison of Alternatives ......................................... 18 3.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS . 22 3.1 Landscape Setting and Climate ....................................... 22 3.1.1 Existing Conditions........................................... 22 3.1.2 Effects on Landscape Setting and Climate . 24 3.2 Water Quality and Aquatic Biota ...................................... 24 3.2.1 Existing Conditions........................................... 24 3.2.1.1 Water Quality .......................................... 26 3.2.1.2 Aquatic Biota........................................... 26 3.2.2 Effects on Water Quality and Aquatic Biota . 29 3.3 Terrestrial Wildlife............................................... 36 Environmental Assessment for Restoration of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout to the Las Animas Creek Watershed Page i 14 January 2014 3.3.1 Existing Conditions........................................... 36 3.3.2 Effects on Terrestrial Wildlife.................................... 39 3.4 Special Status Species, Management Indicator Species, and Migratory Birds . 43 3.4.1 Existing Conditions........................................... 43 3.4.1.1 Special Status Species ..................................... 43 3.4.1.2 Management Indicator Species . 51 3.4.1.3 Migratory Birds......................................... 52 3.4.2 Effects on Special Status Species, MIS, and Migratory Birds . 53 3.4.2.1 Special Status Species ..................................... 53 3.4.2.2 Management Indicator Species . 56 3.4.2.3 Migratory Birds......................................... 56 3.5 Recreation and Wilderness.......................................... 57 3.5.1 Existing Conditions........................................... 57 3.5.2 Effects on Recreation and Wilderness . 57 3.6 Socioeconomic Factors ............................................ 58 3.6.1 Existing Conditions........................................... 58 3.6.1.1 Land Ownership and People ................................. 58 3.6.1.2 Environmental Justice ..................................... 60 3.6.1.3 Economics ............................................ 60 3.6.2 Effects on Socioeconomic Factors . 60 3.7 Heritage Resources............................................... 61 3.7.1 Existing Conditions........................................... 61 3.7.2 Effects on Heritage Resources.................................... 62 3.8 Livestock Grazing ............................................... 62 3.8.1 Existing Conditions........................................... 62 3.8.2 Effects on Livestock Grazing .................................... 62 4.0 LIST OF PREPARERS............................................... 64 5.0 AGENCY COORDINATION........................................... 65 6.0 LITERATURE CITED............................................... 67 APPENDIX A Prentox®T CFT LegumineM Product Label and MSDS . 76 APPENDIX B Prentox®T PrenfishM Fish Toxicant Powder Product Label and MSDS . 89 APPENDIX C Potentially Affected Special Status Species in the Project Area . 99 Environmental Assessment for Restoration of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout to the Las Animas Creek Watershed Page ii 14 January 2014 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Summary of environmental consequences by alternative . 19 Table 2. Las Animas Creek aquatic invertebrate density, species richness, and dominant taxa . 29 Table 3. Lethal concentrations of rotenone for selected fish species . 32 Table 4. Lethal concentrations of rotenone for selected amphibian species . 32 Table 5. Lethal concentrations of rotenone for selected aquatic invertebrate species . 33 Table 6. Mammals associated with riparian or aquatic habitat in the project area . 37 Table 7. Bird species observed along Las Animas Creek, 1984 to 2009 . 38 Table 8. Estimated daily water and food ingestion rates for selected wildlife species . 40 Table 9. Estimated maximum 24-hr exposure of selected wildlife species to rotenone . 41 Table 10. Special-status species in the project area that may be affected by the proposed action . 45 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location of the Las Animas Creek project-area watershed in west-central Sierra County. 2 Figure 2. Restoration stream segments in the Las Animas Creek project-area watershed . 4 Figure 3. Rio Grande cutthroat trout.......................................... 5 Figure 4. Native cutthroat trout of the southern Rocky Mountain river basins . 6 Figure 5. Current and historic distribution of Rio Grande cutthroat trout . 8 Figure 6. Location of the rotenone deactivation zone below the restoration stream segments . 16 Figure 7. Climate characteristics for the project area . 23 Figure 8. Stream habitat in Holden Prong...................................... 25 Figure 9. Stream habitat in Las Animas Creek near the confluence of Flower Canyon . 25 Figure 10. Silver Fire burn severity in the project-area watershed . 27 Figure 11. Changes in aquatic invertebrate abundance following rotenone treatments . 35 Figure 12. Distribution of Rio Grande chub in the project area . 48 Figure 13. Distribution of Chiricahua leopard frog in the project area . 50 Figure 14. Communities in the vicinity of the project area. 59 Figure 15. Forest Service livestock grazing allotments within the project area watershed . 63 Environmental Assessment for Restoration of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout to the Las Animas Creek Watershed Page iii 14 January 2014 1.0 PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT (NEPA) provisions to analyze potential 1.1 Introduction environmental effects that may result from the proposed action. This EA has been prepared The New Mexico Department of Game and Fish pursuant to the requirements of NEPA as (Game and Fish), in cooperation with the U.S. implemented by the Council on Environmental Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region Quality regulations (40 CFR. 1500, et seq.), (Fish and Wildlife Service), USDA Forest U.S. Department of Interior and U.S. Service (Forest Service), and Turner Ranch Department of Agriculture NEPA procedures, the Properties, L.P. (Ladder Ranch), has prepared U.S. Forest Service NEPA Handbook 1909.15, this environmental assessment (EA) to analyze U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service NEPA Reference potential effects to physical, biological, and Handbook, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife cultural resources and socioeconomic conditions Service NEPA Guidance to States Participating in that may result from restoration of Rio Grande the Federal Aid Program. The EA also cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki virginalis) to incorporates other federal and state streams in the Las Animas Creek watershed in environmental policies and regulations. Sierra County, New Mexico. This EA will be used by Game and Fish, the Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Forest Service to decide whether 1.2 Proposed Action or not the project would be implemented as proposed, if the proposed action requires Game and Fish, the Fish and Wildlife Service, refinement or additional mitigation measures, or the Forest Service, and the Ladder Ranch (the if further analyses are needed through preparation project proponents) propose to use rotenone to of an environmental impact statement. If the remove nonnative trout and longfin dace (Agosia proposed action is selected as described or with chrysogaster), the latter which is not native to the minimal changes and no further environmental Las Animas Creek watershed, from analyses are needed, a decision notice and finding approximately 32 miles