<p> Building Macromolecules </p><p>Introduction: The term macromolecule by definition implies "large molecule". In the context of biochemistry, the term may be applied to the four large molecules that make up organisms --- nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. All of these organic molecules contain the element Carbon. Macromolecules are made of smaller subunits called monomers (mono- means one in Latin). When placed together, they make polymers.</p><p>Objective: Students will construct and model the basic components of organic molecular structure. </p><p>NGSS Performance Expectation: HS-LS1-6. Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon- based molecules.</p><p>Materials: -Toothpicks (to represent electron bonds) -Different colors pom-poms /marshmallows</p><p>Task: Construct each of the following molecules and answer the questions. After constructing each monomer, bring your lab sheet & model to the teacher to be approved and then break them down so the next model can be made. </p><p>Hints: 1. Molecules are 3-dimensional so models will NOT ALWAYS BE FLAT! 2. When constructing a functional group (-OH, -COOH, -NH2) PUT BONDS BETWEEN ALL ELEMENTS!! 3. You can use your electronic device to see a 3D picture of the molecule.</p><p>Reflection: Answer the questions below using complete sentences when done with the modeling. 1) If you were given a carbohydrate, how would you rearrange the macromolecule to make a nucleic acid? Describe three changes that would need to take place.</p><p>2) What is the relationship of a monomer and polymer?</p><p>Checklist for Models: Teacher Verification Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6</p><p>Model 1: Construct Glucose (A Carbohydrate)</p><p>1 Correctly NUMBER the carbons on this picture.</p><p>1. What is the chemical formula for glucose?</p><p>2. Glucose is a monomer for what macromolecule?</p><p>3. What other simple sugar(s) has the same chemical formula as glucose?</p><p>4. Simple sugars like glucose are called _M ______S_.</p><p>5. What is the function of carbohydrates for the body?</p><p>Model 2: Construct Glycine (Amino Acid which makes a Protein)</p><p>2 Place a BOX around the amino group on this picture. Circle the carboxyl group on this picture.</p><p>6. Glycine is what type of monomer? (Two words)</p><p>7. Name the 4 things attached to the center carbon in ALL amino acids. A.</p><p>B.</p><p>C.</p><p>D.</p><p>8. How many amino acids exist?</p><p>9. What element is found in amino acid that isn’t found in simple sugars like glucose or fructose?</p><p>10. Amino acids join together to make what type of macromolecule?</p><p>11. What are some of the functions of proteins in the body? (List several)</p><p>Model 3: Construct Glycerol (Monomer of a Lipid)</p><p>Place a CIRCLE around a hydroxyl group.</p><p>3 12. Glycerol is one of two molecules that make up a monomer known as _T______S_.</p><p>13. Besides glycerol, what 3 other molecules make up a triglyceride?</p><p>14. Glycerol and other organic compounds with an –ol ending are called ______.</p><p>15. Triglycerides are the monomers for what type of macromolecule?</p><p>16. Give 3 types of lipids and give their function. A. </p><p>B. </p><p>C. </p><p>Model 4: Construct a Fatty acid (Part of a Lipid)</p><p>Place a BOX around the hydrocarbon chain in these pictures. Circle the carboxyl group in both pictures.</p><p>4 17. Fatty acids are made of long chains of ______atoms with attached ______atoms.</p><p>18. How many bond(s) does each carbon atom have?</p><p>19. How many bond(s) does each hydrogen have?</p><p>20. What 3 elements make up fatty acids? A. </p><p>B. </p><p>C.</p><p>Model 5: Construct Cytosine (Part of a Nucleic Acid)</p><p>5 21. Cytosine is an example of a nitrogen base found on ______acids.</p><p>22. Name the 2 nucleic acids found in organisms.</p><p>23. List the name for the elements making up cytosine.</p><p>24. Name the other 3 nitrogen bases found on DNA.</p><p>25. What nitrogen base is found on RNA but not DNA?</p><p>Model 6: Construct a Complete Macromolecule</p><p>You and your partner can choose which one to model. Find an image online and model!</p><p>6</p>