<p> Weathering and Erosion Study Guide--KEY</p><p>Define the following terms:</p><p>1. Abrasion—mechanical weathering where rocks are worn away by contact with other rocks.</p><p>2. Weathering (forms sediment)—process in which rocks break down. There are 2 types: mechanical (where the rock is broken into smaller pieces) chemical (where the rock is broken down by chemical reaction)</p><p>3. Erosion (moves sediment)—the movement of sediment by wind, ice, gravity, water</p><p>4. Deposition—where the eroded sediment is placed</p><p>5. Fertile Soil—a soil that is rich in nutrients that allows for plants to grow. Sometimes called loam (where humus would definitely be)</p><p>6. Humus—organic material formed in soil formed from the decayed remains of plants and animals. The remains are broken down by decomposers</p><p>7. Hot and wet climate causes chemical weathering to occur a. More rapidly </p><p>8. What 3 farming methods would be used for soil conservation?</p><p>Terracing, crop rotation, contour plowing, no-till farming</p><p>10. What are the most important factors in determining the rate of weathering?</p><p>Elevation, climate, make-up of the rock</p><p>11. What is the first step in soil formation? Weathering of the parent rock</p><p>12. What are the three layers of soil? What order are they arranged in?</p><p>Horizon A—topsoil Horizon B—subsoil Horizon C—weathering rock Bedrock—solid rock</p><p>13. Which is the largest soil particle? Smallest?</p><p>Largest--sand smallest--clay</p><p>14. What type of soil is best for growing crops? </p><p>Loam</p><p>13. What layer of soil contains the most organic layer needed for plant growth?</p><p>Topsoil—it has humus</p><p>14. What is the organism called that chemically weathers away rock?</p><p> lichens</p><p>15. What are three different types of abrasion?</p><p>Wind, gravity, water</p><p>16. What is it called when water freezes and splits rock apart?</p><p>Ice wedging</p><p>17. What type of mechanical erosion causes a slump:</p><p>Gravity</p><p>18. What 2 elements, when combined, cause rust?</p><p>Iron and oxygen</p><p>19. Know the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources.</p><p>Non renewable resources take millions of years for the earth to make again, for example: natural gas, coal</p><p>***Be able to answer the MYP unit question “How does land change?” **</p>