<p> Supplementary Table 1: Selected candidate genes for targeted resequencing based on our previous linkage and association results in the MSTF AA and EA samples</p><p>Gene Gene Name Chromosome Reference Symbol Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 ANKK1 11 [1] Beta-arestin 1 ARRB1 11 [2] Beta-arrestin 2 ARRB2 17 [2] Brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF 11 [3] Cadherin 13 CDH13 16 Catechol-O-methyltransferase COMT 22 [4] Choline acetyltransferase CHAT 10q11 [5] DOPA decarboxylase DDC 7 [6] Dopamine beta-monooxygenase DBH 9q34 [7] Dopamine receptor 1 DRD1 5 [8] Dopamine receptor 2 DRD2 11 [1] Dopamine receptor 3 DRD3 3 [9] Dynamin 1 DNM1 9 [10] GABA-B receptor subunit 2 GABBR2 9 [11] Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A GRIN3A 9 [12] Neurexin 1 NRXN1 2 [13] Neurexin 2 NRXN2 11q13 Neurexin 3 NRXN3 14q31 Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 NTRK2 9 [14] Nicotinic receptor, alpha 1 subunit CHRNA1 2 Nicotinic receptor, alpha 10 subunit CHRNA10 11p15 Nicotinic receptor, alpha 2 subunit CHRNA2 8 Nicotinic receptor, alpha 3 subunit CHRNA3 15 [15] Nicotinic receptor, alpha 4 subunit CHRNA4 20 [16] Nicotinic receptor, alpha 5 subunit CHRNA5 15 [15] Nicotinic receptor, alpha 6 subunit CHRNA6 8 Nicotinic receptor, alpha 7 subunit CHRNA7 15 Nicotinic receptor, alpha 9 subunit CHRNA9 4p14 Nicotinic receptor, beta 1 subunit CHRNB1 17p12 Nicotinic receptor, beta 2 subunit CHRNB2 1q21 [16] Nicotinic receptor, beta 3 subunit CHRNB3 8p11 [17] Nicotinic receptor, beta 4 subunit CHRNB4 15q24 [15] Taste receptor, type 2, member 38 TAS2R38 7 [18]</p><p>References: 1 Huang, W, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ, Beuten, J, Dupont, RT, Inohara, N and Li, MD (2009) Significant association of ANKK1 and detection of a functional polymorphism with nicotine dependence in an African-American sample. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34: 319-330. 2 Sun, D, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ and Li, MD (2007) beta-Arrestins 1 and 2 are associated with nicotine dependence in European American smokers. Mol Psychiatry. 3 Beuten, J, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Dupont, RT, Quezada, P, Huang, W, Crews, KM and Li, MD (2005) Significant association of BDNF haplotypes in European-American male smokers but not in European-American female or African-American smokers. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 139: 73-80. 4 Beuten, J, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ and Li, MD (2006) Significant association of catechol-O- methyltransferase (COMT) haplotypes with nicotine dependence in male and female smokers of two ethnic populations. Neuropsychopharmacology, 31: 675-684. 5 Wei, J, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Cui, W, Ray, R, Mitra, N, Lerman, C and Li, MD (2010) Replication and extension of association of choline acetyltransferase with nicotine dependence in European and African American smokers. Human genetics, 127: 691-698. 6 Ma, JZ, Beuten, J, Payne, TJ, Dupont, RT, Elston, RC and Li, MD (2005) Haplotype analysis indicates an association between the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) gene and nicotine dependence. Human molecular genetics, 14: 1691-1698. 7 Thorgeirsson, TE, Gudbjartsson, DF, Surakka, I, Vink, JM, Amin, N, Geller, F, Sulem, P, Rafnar, T, Esko, T, Walter, S et al. (2010) Sequence variants at CHRNB3-CHRNA6 and CYP2A6 affect smoking behavior. Nature genetics, 42: 448-453. 8 Huang, W, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Beuten, J, Dupont, RT and Li, MD (2008) Significant association of DRD1 with nicotine dependence. Human genetics, 123: 133-140. 9 Huang, W, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ and Li, MD (2008) A functional polymorphism, rs6280, in DRD3 is significantly associated with nicotine dependence in European-American smokers. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 147B: 1109-1115. 10 Xu, Q, Huang, W, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ and Li, MD (2009) Detection of genetic association and a functional polymorphism of dynamin 1 gene with nicotine dependence in European and African Americans. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34: 1351-1359. 11 Beuten, J, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Dupont, RT, Crews, KM, Somes, G, Williams, NJ, Elston, RC and Li, MD (2005) Single- and Multilocus Allelic Variants within the GABAB Receptor Subunit 2 (GABAB2) Gene Are Significantly Associated with Nicotine Dependence. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 76: 859-864. 12 Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ and Li, MD (2010) Significant association of glutamate receptor, ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A (GRIN3A), with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers. Human genetics, 127: 503-512. 13 Nussbaum, J, Xu, Q, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ, Huang, W, Gelernter, J and Li, MD (2008) Significant association of the neurexin-1 gene (NRXN1) with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers. Human molecular genetics, 17: 1569-1577. 14 Beuten, J, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Dupont, RT, Lou, XY, Crews, KM, Elston, RC and Li, MD (2007) Association of Specific Haplotypes of Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor 2 Gene (NTRK2) with Vulnerability to Nicotine Dependence in African-Americans and European- Americans. Biological psychiatry, 61: 48-55. 15 Li, MD, Xu, Q, Lou, XY, Payne, TJ, Niu, T and Ma, JZ (2010) Association and interaction analysis of variants in CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster with nicotine dependence in African and European Americans. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 153B: 745-756. 16 Li, MD, Beuten, J, Ma, JZ, Payne, TJ, Lou, XY, Garcia, V, Duenes, AS, Crews, KM and Elston, RC (2005) Ethnic- and gender-specific association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 subunit gene (CHRNA4) with nicotine dependence. Human molecular genetics, 14: 1211- 1219. 17 Cui, WY, Wang, S, Yang, J, Yi, SG, Yoon, D, Kim, YJ, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ, Park, T and Li, MD (2013) Significant association of CHRNB3 variants with nicotine dependence in multiple ethnic populations. Molecular psychiatry. 18 Mangold, JE, Payne, TJ, Ma, JZ, Chen, G and Li, MD (2008) Bitter taste receptor gene polymorphisms are an important factor in the development of nicotine dependence in African Americans. J Med Genet, 45: 578-582.</p>