<p> NOUNS </p><p>Nouns are persons, places, things, and ideas. Units of time are nouns. Many words ending in –ment, </p><p>-ness, -tion are noun forms of words. VERBS (actions) are NOT NOUNS. Describing words are NOT NOUNS.</p><p>Plural Rules:</p><p>Consonant + y change the Y to I and and ES baby becomes babies</p><p>Vowel + Y simply add S toy becomes toys</p><p>Words with S, CH, SH, X, Z – add ES fox becomes foxes, boss becomes bosses</p><p>Many words with F or FE change the F to a V before making plural</p><p>Consonant + O most add ES but there are a few exceptions such as solo become solos</p><p>Possessive Nouns SHOW OWNERSHIP of something</p><p>The toy of the boy = the boy’s toy</p><p>The dishes belonged to the cats = the cats’ dishes</p><p>TO FORM – singular possessives add ‘s after the word even when it ends in S</p><p>Examples: </p><p>Boss = boss’s teacher = teacher’s story = story’s</p><p>TO FORM – plural possessive (Two or more things owning something) add ‘ after the S</p><p>Examples</p><p>Bosses = bosses’ teachers = teachers’ stories = stories’ TO FORM – plural possessives which DO NOT end in S add ‘s</p><p>Examples</p><p>Children = children’s geese = geese’s men = men’s</p><p>When deciding whether a noun should be plural or possessive, look to see if something is being owned. If there is nothing being owned only use the plural form of the word.</p><p>The dogs played in the backyard. (nothing owned) The dog’s bone was by the house. (the dog owns the bone)</p><p>Appostives – noun or noun phrase that gives more detail to a noun. It will be set off by commas.</p><p>Example – Buddy, my cocker spaniel, is going to dog obedience school. (my cocker spaniel is the appositive which is referring back to Buddy. </p><p>Diagramming – Refer to the study sheet for examples. </p>