<p> Understanding Sizes Memory and Logic</p><p>The start of the computer was a simple calculator. But how does it communicate?</p><p>Historically we count with out fingers. We have 10 fingers (including our thumbs) this is the basis for our number system. We count by tens. For example: For the number 9,605,872.145673…..</p><p>But how can represent numbers with electricity?</p><p>This is done by using the voltage of the input signal. A voltage of 0 to 0.2V gives us a “0” (zero) and a voltage of 4.4V - 5V gives us a “1” (one).</p><p>If we have one “digit” or a bit we can represent whether that something is there or it is not. This is somewhat similar to a light bulb….. </p><p>How many ways can you combine two objects with an “on” state (represent this with a 1) and an off state (represented with a 0). Answer: 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1</p><p>Now try combining three objects with both an ON state and an OFF state. Answer: 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Simply put, computers store data, send instructions to their CPU and stream data as a sequence of 1s and 0s. </p><p>This how numbers are stored and instructions are sent. It is the sequence and grouping of the numbers that determine what the numbers actually mean.</p><p>To represent numbers in binary (or machine) code:</p><p>With one bit……. 0 a zero With two bits….. 00 zero 1 one 01 one 10 two 11 three</p><p>In fact: To convert binary to decimal To convert to binary from decimal:</p><p>OR</p><p>If we put 8 bits together we get a byte. This is the size of the original bus system in computers. 8 lines of data transmitted / transported information between the hardware components in the computer at a time synchronously.</p>