<p> CHAPTER: "Atomic and Condensed Matter Physics"</p><p> of the NuPECC report devoted to</p><p>"Impact and Applications of Nuclear Science in Europe"</p><p>L. H. Andersen1, E. Balanzat2, H. Bernas3, J. Burgdörfer4, C. Cohen (Convener)5, J. G. Correia6, M. Deicher7, D. Jacquet8, S. Klaumünzer9, J. Klüge10, F. Mezei11, R. Morgenstern12, F. Priolo13, R. Schuch14, L. Simons15, T. Stöhlker16, J. Ullrich17, D. Vernhet5</p><p>1Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus, Denmark 2CIRIL, Caen, France 3CSNSM, Orsay, France 4Institut für Theoretische Physik, Vienna, Autriche 5Groupe de Physique des Solides, Paris, France 6CERN, ISOLDE, Geneva, Switzerland 7Fakultät für Physik, Konstanz, Germany 8Groupe NIM, IPN, Orsay, France 9Department of Structural Research, Hahn Meitner Institut, Berlin, Germany 10GSI-Atomic Physics Group, Darmstadt, Germany 11Department of Structural Research, Hahn Meitner Institut, Berlin, Germany 12KVI / RUG, Groningen, The Netherlands 13INFM and Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università, Catania, Italy 14Manne Siegbahn Institut, Stockholm, Sweden 15Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland 16GSI – Atomic Physics Group, Darmstadt, Germany 17Fakultät für Physik, Freiburg, Germany</p><p>Contributions and critical advice have been provided by:</p><p>M. B. H. Breese (Univ Surrey, UK), T. Butz (Univ. Leipzig, Germany), J.-F. Chemin (CENBG- Bordeaux, France), C. Dauwe (Univ. Gent, Belgium), G. Dollinger (Tech. Univ. München, Germany), M. Fallavier (IPN-Lyon, France), D. Gardès (IPN-Orsay, France), D. H. H. Hoffmann (GSI-Darmstadt, Germany), P. Indelicato (LKB-Paris, France), D. Lunney (CSNSM- Orsay, France), M. Morjean (GANIL-Caen, France), C. Niedermayer (Univ. Konstanz, Germany), I. C. Vickridge (GPS-Paris, France), U. Wahl (IKS-Leuven, Belgium), K. Wohrer (GPS-Paris, France) and members of the CIRIL (Caen, France).</p><p>.</p>