<p> OUTLINE FOR TREE ISLAND CHAPTER</p><p>Title: Paleoecology and Geochemistry of Two Tree Islands from the Everglades, Water Conservation Area 3 Authors: Holmes, Orem, Willard, others – order up in the air</p><p>Abstract Introduction Definition of tree island Role of tree islands in the Everglades ecosystem Recent threat to tree islands Need for paleoecological studies Need for understanding geochemistry of tree islands Previous studies (not much out there) Sampling Area General discussion of tree islands in WCA 3 (Fig. 1 - Map of WCA 3 showing tree islands) Description of Nuthouse Tree Island (Fig. 2 - Map showing coring sites; Table 1 – description/coordinates) Description of Gumbo Limbo Tree Island (Fig. 2 - Map showing coring sites; Table 1 – description/coordinates) Sampling Methods Coring methods Sediment sectioning and handling Porewater extraction Analytical Methods (Table 2 – description and analytical reproducibility of methods) Dating methods 210Pb Radiocarbon Dry Bulk Density Pollen Analysis Sediment Geochemistry mineral matter carbonate C,H,N,O,S Total P Porewater Geochemistry pH, alkalinity nutrients sulfide conductivity, salinity, TDS Age Dating and Sediment Accumulation on Study Tree islands 210Pb downcore profiles and radiometric modeling for age dating ( Figs. 3 & 4 – 210 Pb profiles from Nuthohuse and Gumbo Limbo, respectively) Radiocarbon dating of sediments (Table 3 – radiocarbon ages from Nuthouse and Gumbo Limbo) Paleoecology of Study Tree islands Downcore pollen assemblages from Gumbo Limbo and Nuthouse Tree Islands (Figs. 5 & 6) Interpretation of vegetational history of Gumbo Limbo and Nuthouse Tree Islands; head vs. marsh vs. tail Geochemistry of Study Tree islands Sediment Geochemistry Downcore profiles of chemical constituents at Nuthouse and Gumbo Limbo (Figs. 7 & 8) Accumulation Rates of Chemical constiuents (Fig. 9) Comparison of concentrations, profiles, accumulation rates: head vs marsh vs tail Porewater Geochemistry (Nuthouse Island only) Downcore profiles (Fig. 10) Comparison of concentrations and profiles: head vs. marsh Discussion of results with respect to geochemistry of marsh areas Conclusions Integration of paleoecological, geochemical, and geochronological data into model of tree island formation and history Results in context of whole Everglades ecosystem Results in context of previous work on tree islands Suggestions for future work Acknowledgments Need to thank Fred Sklar, Sue Newman, SFWMD for logistics, Lorraine Heisler and Tim Towles, and Florida Fish and Game Commission; Inatures Program for funding. References Tables Table 1. Study site coordinates and general descriptors Table 2. Geochemical methods Table 3. Radiocarbon Ages Figures Fig. 1. Map of the northern Everglades with emphasis on WCA 3 showing tree islands Fig. 2. Maps of Nuthouse and Gumbo Limbo Tree Islands showing coring sites Fig. 3. 210Pb profiles from Nuthouse Tree Island Fig. 4. 210Pb profiles from Gumbo Limbo Tree Island Fig. 5. Pollen Assemblages from Nuthouse Tree Island Fig. 6. Pollen Assemblages from Gumbo Limbo Tree Island Fig. 7. Downcore profiles of sediment geochemistry from Nuthouse Tree Island Fig. 8. Downcore profiles of sediment geochemistry from Gumbo Limbo Tree Island Fig. 9. Accumulation rates of elements at Nuthouse and Gumbo Limbo Tree Islands Fig. 10. Downcore profiles of porewater at Nuthouse Tree Island Head and Marsh sites.</p>