<p>WLHS / Biology / Monson Name Date Per </p><p>13.1-13.2 READING GUIDE: RNA & Protein Synthesis</p><p>A. Section 13.1: RNA (pages 362-365)</p><p>The Role of RNA 1) What does RNA stand for? </p><p>2) Compare DNA and RNA in the table below. DNA RNA</p><p>Number of strands Nitrogen Bases</p><p>Type of sugar</p><p>3) What are the functions of the 3 types of RNA?</p><p>● mRNA: </p><p>● rRNA: </p><p>● tRNA: </p><p>RNA Synthesis</p><p>4) What is transcription? </p><p>5) a) What enzyme is involved in transcription? </p><p> b) What are the functions of this enzyme? </p><p>6) Define PROMOTER: </p><p>7) What is the role of a promoter in RNA synthesis? </p><p>8) Compare introns and exons.</p><p>9) What would happen if introns were not removed from pre-mRNA?</p><p>B. Section 13.2: Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis (pages 366-371)</p><p>The Genetic Code 1) How many different amino acids are found in polypeptides? </p><p>2) What determines the properties of different proteins? a) </p><p> b) 3) What determines the function of a protein? </p><p>4) Define CODON: </p><p>5) Using Figure 13.6 on page 367, answer the following questions. a) What is the amino acid with the codon of CAC? </p><p> b) What is the amino acid with the codon of GAC? </p><p> c) What are the codons for the amino acid Asparagine? </p><p>6) What is the “start” codon for protein synthesis? </p><p>7) Using the following DNA sequence, GACAAGTCCACAATC, answer the following questions: a) What is the mRNA sequence to DNA sequence above? b) Using Figure 13-6, write the amino acid sequence of mRNA strand in “a”. </p><p>Translation</p><p>8) Define TRANSLATION: </p><p>9) What is an anitcodon? </p><p>10) Using the “Visual Summary” on pages 368-369, summarize the steps in translation. (following the transcription of DNA into mRNA in the nucleus, and the mRNA then enters the cytoplasm)…</p><p>11) If the code on a DNA is CTA, what is the mRNA codon? What would be the tRNA anticodon? What would be the amino acid? </p><p>12) If the sequence of DNA is: TACCTTATACCG</p><p> give the mRNA sequence:  tRNA sequence:  amino acid sequence: </p><p>13) a) How many mRNA bases are in 5 codons? b) If there are 21 mRNA bases, how many codons are there? c) If a protein is 100 amino acids in length, how long (how many base pairs) were in the original DNA sequence that coded for that protein? SHOW YOUR WORK!</p>