<p>Name Period </p><p>Chapter 12: Key Issue 1 Services and Settlements: Where Are Services Distributed? Rubenstein, pp. 431-433</p><p> INTRODUCTION 1. What is a service?</p><p>2. What is a settlement?</p><p> THREE TYPES OF SERVICES 3. How many jobs in the United States are considered in the consumer services?</p><p>4. Name and give examples for the 4 major types of consumer services. a.</p><p> b.</p><p> c.</p><p> d.</p><p>5. The principal purpose of business services is to ______other businesses. 6. Name and give an example of the 3 major types of business services. a.</p><p> b.</p><p> c.</p><p>7. What is the purpose of public services?</p><p>8. What percent of public-sector employees work for the: Federal Gov. State Gov. Local Gov.</p><p>9. Between 1972 and 2010, where did all the employment growth occur in the U.S? What sectors declined? </p><p>10. List some contibutors to the recession that began in 2008:</p><p>Name Period </p><p>Chapter 12: Key Issue 2 Services and Settlements: Where Are Consumer Services Distributed? Rubenstein, pp. 434-440</p><p> CENTRAL PLACE THEORY 1. What does the central place theory seek to explain?</p><p>2. What is a central place?</p><p>3. What is a market area?</p><p>4. What is another term for a market area?</p><p>5. What shape do geographers use to represent market areas?</p><p>6. Why is this particular shaped used?</p><p>7. Complete the following charts Range Definition</p><p>Services with long ranges Services with short ranges</p><p>Threshold Definition</p><p>Services that require a smaller threshold Services that require a larger threshold Name 5 local businesses and state what type of range and threshold they have Local Business Examples Range (long or short) Threshold (small or large) 1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p> HIERARCHY OF CONSUMER SERVICES 8. Small settlements have 9. Larger settlements provide consumer services that have a. ______thresholds a. ______thresholds b. ______ranges b. ______ranges c. ______market areas c. ______market areas.</p><p>10. What are the two reasons consumers are willing to travel greater distances?</p><p>11. Illustrate an example of nesting patterns of settlements of different sizes?</p><p>12. Who made the original study in central place theory?</p><p>13. Where did he conduct his study?</p><p>14. How many rankings of settlement sizes did he come up with?</p><p>15. In MDCs the pattern of cities follows the rank-size rule. This states that:</p><p>16. If the largest city in a country is more than twice the size of the second city, that largest city is said to be a______city. List an example:</p><p> a.</p><p> b. 17. How does the existence of a rank size distribution have an impact on the quality of life?</p><p>18. How does the absence of a rank size distribution have an impact on the quality of life?</p><p> MARKET AREA ANALYSIS 19. What are the three steps in a market area analysis? Why would you want to do step 3?</p><p>20. The gravity model ______that the ______of a service is directly related to the ______of ______in the ______and inversely related to the ______people must ______to access it.</p><p>21. According to the gravity model, describe the two behavior patterns it reflects? a.</p><p> b.</p><p>22. Complete the bullet list for periodic markets  A periodic market is</p><p> A periodic market provides goods to</p><p> Many of the vendors in periodic markets are</p><p> Periodic markets vary by Name Period </p><p>Chapter 12: Key Issue 3 Services and Settlements: Where Are Business Services Distributed? Rubenstein, pp. 442-443</p><p> HIERARCHY OF BUSINESS SERVIES 1. What makes a city a global city (world city) in terms of services it offers?</p><p>2. Why do the following business services cluster in global cities? a. Management of large corporations</p><p> b. Professionals such as lawyers, accountants, etc.</p><p> c. Financial services</p><p>3. How are global cities divided? What factors are used?</p><p>4. Name several examples of consumer and public services found in world cities.</p><p>5. Briefly explain the services created by being a center of national and international government.</p><p> BUSINESS SERVICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 6. What type of countries offer Offshore Financial Services?</p><p>7. Explain the two important functions of offering offshore financial services. a.</p><p> b.</p><p>8. What are the 4 other offshore centers? a.</p><p> b.</p><p> c.</p><p> d.</p><p>9. What is another name for back –office functions? What do these include? 10. What are the two reasons LDCs have attracted back offices</p><p> ECONOMIC BASE OF SETTLEMENTS 11. Define the following terms a. basic industry</p><p> b. nonbasic industry</p><p>12. What is the economic base of a community?</p><p>13. Explain how basic industry creates new types of jobs.</p><p>14. Complete the following statement: The concept of basic industries originally referred to ______. In a postindustrial society increasingly the basic industries are in ______, ______, or ______services.</p><p>15. For each type of service, fill in the city/cities that specialize in that service SERVICE TYPE SPECIALIZED CITY/CITIES General business</p><p>Computing</p><p>High-Tech</p><p>Military activity</p><p>Management-consulting services</p><p>Entertainment and Recreation</p><p>Medical services</p><p>Types of cities that specialize in public services</p><p>16. Why have cities in the north east had to restructure their economic base?</p><p>17. What is the principal enticement for talented individuals to cluster in some cities? </p><p>18. Where does Salt Lake City rank on the Coolness index? Name Period </p><p>Chapter 12: Key Issue 4 Services and Settlements: Why Do Services Cluster In Settlements? Rubenstein, pp. 448-455</p><p> SERVICES IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS 1. Draw simple diagrams showing the difference between Clustered and Dispersed rural settlements. Clustered Dispersed</p><p>2. List some Characteristics of clustered Rural Settlements.</p><p>3. Describe a circular rural settlement.</p><p>4. Describe a Linear rural settlement</p><p>5. Why was the French long-lot system used?</p><p>6. What were colonial American clustered settlements centered on?</p><p>7. Why did colonists favor clustered settlements? a.</p><p> b.</p><p> c.</p><p>8. How are today’s New England rural settlements different than colonial times?</p><p>9. How did the origin of settlers to the Middle Atlantic colonies influence the dispersed style of settlements in the American Mid-west?</p><p>10. Define enclosure movement. Explain how it transformed the British rural landscape. 11. Settlements probably originated to provide consumer and public services. Summarize the early services:</p><p>Early Consumer Services</p><p>Early Public Services</p><p>Early Business Services</p><p> URBANIZATION 12. Define city-state:</p><p>13. Which ancient city-state encouraged urban settlement?</p><p>14. The largest medieval European urban settlements served as what? </p><p>15. Define urbanization:</p><p>16. How are MDCs and LDC different when it comes to urbanization?</p><p> a. Where is the exception?</p><p>18. Where are the majority of very large urban areas? Why?</p><p>19. Why is urbanization increasing rapidly in LDCs?</p><p>20. Fill in the following chart with the differences in rural and urban residents according to Louis Wirth. Large Size High Density Social Heterogeneity Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban</p>