Threatened Species Nomination Form - Orcaella Heinsohni

Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Threatened Species Nomination Form - For adding or changing the category of a native species in the list of threatened species under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 2011 Assessment Period these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Nominator details Note: Nominator details are subject to the provision of the Privacy Act 1988 and will not be divulged to third parties if advice regarding the nomination is sought from such parties. 1. Full name WWF-Australia2. Body, organisation or company name (if applicable) WWF-Australia3. Contact detailsNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Email:[email protected] these two speciesPostal (Beasley address: et al. 2002; Level Beasley 13, 235 et al.Jones 2005) St Phone: 02 9281 5515 Ultimo NSW 2007 PO Box 528 Sydney NSW 2001 Fax: 02 9281 1060 4. Declaration: I declare that the information in this nomination and its attachments is true and correct to the best of my knowledge.Signed (If available, please attach an electronic signature when submitting by email):5. Date signed: 24th March 2010Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Nominated species - summary of eligibility 1. Name of species (or subspecies) Australian snubfin dolphin 2. Category for which the species is nominated under the EPBC Act Current listing category Proposed listing category  Extinct  Extinct  Extinct in the wild  Extinct in the wild  Critically Endangered  Critically Endangered  Endangered  Endangered Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)  Vulnerable X Vulnerable  Conservation dependent  Conservation dependent X Unlisted3. Criteria under which the species is eligible for listing For a species nominated as critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable, identify which of the eligibility criteria it meets (one or more) from the list below. Please note that the information you provide in this nomination form should support the criteria you select. For further details on the criteria, please refer to the Threatened Species Scientific Committee Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between guidelines attached to this form. these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) X Criterion 1 - It has undergone, is suspected to have undergone or is likely to undergo in the immediate future a very severe, severe or substantial reduction in numbers. X Criterion 2 - Its geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species and is very restricted, restricted or limited.  Criterion 3 - The estimated total number of mature individuals is limited to a particular degree and: (a) evidence suggests that the number will continue to decline at a particular rate; or (b) the number is likely to continue to decline and its geographic distribution is precarious for its survival.  Criterion 4 - The estimated total number of mature individuals is extremely low, very low or low.  Criterion 5 - Probability of extinction in the wild.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) For species nominated as conservation dependent, identify which criterion the species meets (either criterion 1 or criterion 2).  Criterion 1 - The species is the focus of a specific conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the species becoming vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered; or  Criterion 2:  The species is a species of fish; and  The species is the focus of a plan of management that provides for management actions necessary to stop the decline of, and support the recovery of, the species so that its chances of long term survival in nature are maximised; and  The plan of management is in force under a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory; andNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between  Cessation of the plan of managementthese would two adversely species (Beasley affect theet al. conservation 2002; Beasley status et al. 2005) of the species.Important notes for completing this form  Complete the form as far as possible. It is important for the Threatened Species Scientific Committee to have comprehensive information and the best case on which to judge a species’ eligibility against the EPBC Act criteria for listing (Attachment A).  To ensure you have the most up to date information, it is recommended that you contact the relevant Natural Resource Management authority. For details see the Caring for Our Country website: www.nrm.gov.au.  Nominations that do not meet the EPBC Regulations will not proceed. Division 7.2 of the EPBC Regulations 2000 (www.environment.gov.au/epbc/about/index.html) specifies the required Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) information. Note that, if after a search, relevant information is not available, please state this under the relevant question in the nomination form (as noted under sub-regulation 7.04(3)).  Keep in mind that the purpose of the questions is to help identify why the species is eligible for listing in the nominated conservation category.  Subspecies (or other taxa lower than the species level) may be nominated, but it is important to provide information on the full national range of the species to support the claims.  The questions are separated into themes, which indirectly or directly relate to the criteria for listing. The Committee provides the following general description of what kind of information informs its judgements against the EPBC Act criteria for listing (Attachment A).  If the species is considered to be affected by climate change, please refer to the Guidelines for assessing climate change as a threat to native species (Attachment B) prior to completing the Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) nomination form.  For all facts and all information presented - identify your references and sources of information. Document the reasons and supportive data. Indicate the quality of facts/information and any uncertainty in the information. For example was it based on a peer-reviewed research publication or anecdote; or on observed data, an inference/extrapolation from the data, or a reasonable premise not yet supported by hard data.  Personal communications - The opinion of appropriate scientific experts may also be cited (with their approval) in support of a nomination. If this is done the names of the experts, their qualifications and full contact details must also be provided at the end of this nomination.  Confidential material – Identify any confidential material and explain the sensitivity.  Tables – Can be included at the end of the form or prepared as separate electronic documents Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) included as appendixes or attachments. Refer to tables in the relevant area of the text.  Maps - If maps cannot be supplied electronically, please provide them in hardcopy. Cross-reference relevant areas of the nomination form where needed.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) How to lodge your nominationCompleted nominations may be lodged either: 1. by email to: [email protected], or 2. by mail to: The Director Species Listing Section Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Further informationThe Threatened Species Scientific Committee has developed guidelines to assist nominators. The guidelines are attached to this form. They include the statutory criteria for the ‘critically endangered’, ‘endangered’ and ‘vulnerable’ categories at Part A. Indicative thresholds, which may be used by the Committee to assess whether a species is eligible for listing against the criteria prescribed by the EPBC Regulations, are at Part B. It should be noted that the Committee does not apply these thresholds strictly, but has regard to them when making judgments about species in terms of their biological contexts, and on a case-by-case basis.More detailed information on all categories for threatened species can be found in Section 179 of the Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between EPBC Act and the statutory criteria can bethese found two speciesin Division (Beasley 7.1 ofet theal. 2002; EPBC Beasley Regulations et al. 2005) 2000. These are available at: www.environment.gov.au/epbc/about/index.htmlFor questions regarding nominations contact: The Director Species Listing Section Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 Telephone (02) 6274 2238 Fax (02) 6274 2214Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for:A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between causesthese two have species not (Beasley ceased’ et (Criterional. 2002; Beasley 1), based et al. on 2005) (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitationA3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and thatSnubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between extentthese twoand/or species quality (Beasley of habitat. et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Taxonomy 2. What are the currently Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) accepted scientific and common Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) name/s for the species (please Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) include Indigenous names, where Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) known)? Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin Note any other scientific names that have been used recently. Note Indigenous names the species authority and the Order Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between and Family to which the species (Marshthese two et al.species 2010). (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) belongs (Family name alone is sufficient for plants, however, both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT NA conventionally accepted, please The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin provide: dolphin] was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its (i) a taxonomic description of the description, the snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between species in a form suitable for scientificthese two and species popular (Beasley literature. et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) publication in conventional scientific literature; OR (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically Yes distinct (Taxonomic distinctiveness The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy – a measure of how unique a dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between species is relative to other consistentthese two speciesgenetic, (Beasley cranial et and al. 2002;external Beasley morphometric et al. 2005) and species)? colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Legal StatusNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 6. What is the species’ current Nationally,these two species the snubfin (Beasley etdolphin al. 2002; is Beasley listed etas: al. 2005) conservation status under Australian and State/Territory --‘Migratory’ under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Government legislation? Conservation Act 1999 --‘Priority Species – Insufficiently Known (K)’ in the Review of Conservation of Australia’s Smaller Whales and DolphinsState-wide, the snubfin dolphin is listed as: --‘Near Threatened’ under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 --‘Priority 4’ under the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (i.e. taxa which are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between available,these two andspecies which (Beasley are considered et al. 2002; Beasleynot currently et al. 2005) threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if circumstances change). --‘Data Deficient’ under Northern Territory Government legislation. --‘Protected Species’ under Regulation 29 of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Regulations 19837. Does the species have specific Internationally, the snubfin dolphin is listed as: protection (e.g. listed on an annex --‘Near Threatened’ by the International Union for the or appendix) under other legislation Conservation of Nature (IUCN). or intergovernmental As stated by Reeves et al. 2008 ‘Although the species could be arrangements, e.g. Convention on listed as ‘Data Deficient’, ‘Near Threatened’ is more appropriate Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between International Trade in Endangered giventhese its two limited species range, (Beasley low et densitiesal. 2002; Beasley in surveyed et al. 2005) areas, and its Fauna and Flora (CITES), continuing vulnerability to bycatch’. Convention on Migratory Species --‘Appendix I’ by the Convention on International Trade of (CMS). Endangered Species (CITES) Fauna threatened with extinction. CITES prohibits international trade in specimens except when the purpose of the import is not commercial (i.e. scientific research). --‘Appendix II’ by the Bonn Convention – Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) Appendix II which lists ‘Migratory species that have an unfavorable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation organised by tailored agreements are listed in Appendix II to the Convention’.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Description these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 8. Give a brief description of the Snubfinthese two dolphins species are(Beasley a small et al. delphinid, 2002; Beasley characterized et al. 2005) by a species’ appearance, rounded head; no beak; and large, broad paddle-like including size and/or weight, mobile flippers. Distinctive features of snubfin dolphins and sex and age variation if compared to Irrawaddy dolphins are 1. a visible neck appropriate; social structure crease (commonly indistinct in Irrawaddy dolphins); 2. a and dispersion (e.g. lack of a dorsal groove between the snout and the dorsal solitary/clumped/flocks). fin (dorsal groove present in front of the dorsal fin in Irrawaddy dolphins); and 3. a subtle three-tone colouration, consisting of a dark cape, intermediate light to brownish grey side, and white abdomen (Irrawaddy dolphins are a uniform slately-grey colouration with white abdomen (Arnold and Heinsohn 1996; Beasley et al. 2005). The dorsal fin of the snubfin dolphin is small and situated inNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between thesethe two latter species half (Beasley of the etbody al. 2002; (Beasley Beasley et etal. al. 2005). 2005) The teeth are peg-like, with 11-22 teeth on each side of the lower and upper jaws (Beasley et al. 2005). The maximum recorded length for males is 2.7 m and 2.3 m for females (Beasley et al. 2005). The maximum recorded weight is 133 kg (Arnold and Heinsohn 1996). There appears to be some sexual dimorphism in snubfin dolphins, with males growing larger than females, but further specimens are required for examination before this can be verified (Beasley et al. 2005). Aging studies using tooth sectioning confirmed that snubfin dolphins’ reach at least 28 years old (Marsh et al. 1989), with a maximum life-spanNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between theseestimated two species to (Beasley be approximately et al. 2002; Beasley 30 years et al.(Robertson 2005) and Arnold 2009). As a result of the minimal information available on snubfin dolphin life history, reproductive parameters are estimated from the closely related Irrawaddy dolphin. Gestation for Irrawaddy dolphins is estimated as up to 14 months (based on a captive animal: Marsh et al. 1989; Tas’an et al 1980; Tas’an and Leatherwood 1984), although eleven months would be comparable to most other small cetaceans (Kasuya 1972; Gaskin et al. 1984; Jefferson 2000). The weight and length at birth of a captive Irrawaddy dolphin were 12.3 kg and 0.96 m, respectively, while weaning Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between theseoccurred two species at (Beasleytwo years et al.old 2002; (Tas’an Beasley and etLeatherwood al. 2005) 1984). Adult size (2.1 m) is reached at 4-6 years (Robertson and Arnold 2009). Taylor et al. (2007) estimated that snubfin dolphin age of first reproduction is nine years. As with other small cetaceans, it is likely that the snubfin dolphin gives birth to one calf every 2-3 years (Taylor et al. 2007; Martien et al. 1999). These biological characteristics result in a population growth rate of approximately 2% under ideal conditions (Slooten and Lad 1991). Group size of snubfin dolphins varies from 1 to 19 animals, with an average of 5 individuals (Parra 2005; Thiele 2010). Analysis of snubfin dolphin social structure indicates that Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between thesesnubfin two species dolphins (Beasley form et socialal. 2002; groups Beasley of etpermanent al. 2005) long- term affiliates, similar to the social structure exhibited by killer (Orcinus orca) and pilot whales (Globicephala sp.) (Parra 2005).Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 9. Give a brief description of the Giventhese thetwo lackspecies of ecological(Beasley et andal. 2002; biological Beasley information et al. 2005) available species’ ecological role (for for inshore dolphins globally, it is difficult to assess and example, is it a ‘keystone’ or quantify the importance of their ecological role and the ‘foundation’ species, does it consequences of anthropogenic impacts on populations and play a role in processes such environment (Lawler et al. 2007). However, as stated by as seed dispersal or Lawler et al “as large, mobile marine vertebrates and apex pollination). predators, dolphins have the potential to profoundly affect their prey populations, which may in turn result in significant effects on food-web interactions (i.e. trophic cascades), and ecosystem function and structure”. The importance of apex/top predators regulating the food chain, maintaining ecological complexity, and establishing ecosystem resilience are also discussed by Rooney (2006) Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between theseand two Salaspecies (2006). (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Snubfin dolphins are an important component of, and reply upon, coastal estuarine ecological communities. Coastal environments are some of the most biologically productive and economically important ecosystems in the world (Nias, 2009), and assist to prevent damage to coastal regions from tropical storms and tsunamis (UNEP-WCMC 2006). These coastal communities are some of the most threatened habitats in Australia.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Australian Distribution these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) 10. Describe the species’ current The following sections (10-15) provide justification for the and past distribution in the snubfin dolphins ‘Threatened’ status based on Criterion 2: Australian distribution and, if ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of available, attach maps noting the the species’ resulting from (a) severely fragmented, or known source and the datasets used to to exist at a limited location; where although the species is create these. relatively widely distributed around northern Australia, subpopulations appear small and highly-localized to specific habitats. Current Distribution Snubfin dolphins inhabit coastal, shallow waters of the tropical and subtropical zones of Australia. They are found in small Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between (<100),these two localized species (Beasleysubpopulations et al. 2002; from Beasley Roebuck et al. Bay, 2005) Western Australia; north through the Northern Territory/Gulf of Carpentaria and south east to the Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region (Parra et al. 2002; Jacob 2009; Cagnazzi 2010). Vagrant snubfin dolphin records are known from the Brisbane River in 1994 (Paterson et al. 1998), Noosa Beach in 2007 (snubfin dolphin caught in a shark net: Cagnazzi 2010), and the Dampier Archipelago, Exmouth Gulf, and Port Hedland Harbour in 2010 (Simon Allen pers comm.). Despite the snubfin dolphins relatively wide extent of occurrence (see Appendix A), subpopulations of snubfin dolphins appear to Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between bethese rare two in speciesmost areas, (Beasley with et knownal. 2002; subpopulations Beasley et al. 2005) appearing to be small (<100), localized and discrete (Parra et al. 2006a, Cagnazzi 2010).Past Distribution There is evidence from known catches in shark nets that snubfin dolphins previously occurred around the Ellis beach region (i.e. between Cairns and Port Douglas). Ross (2006) recounts that ‘eight Irrawaddy [snubfins] drowned in Queensland shark protection nets in the period 1996-2001; seven of these were from Ellis Beach, an event that seems likely to have depleted most, if not all, of the local subpopulation’Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 11. What is the extent of these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) occurrence (in km2) for the species (described in Attachment A); explain how it was calculated and provide information on data sources. a. What is the current extent of Snubfin dolphin current extent of occurrence is 93,070km2 (see occurrence? Appendix A), comprised of: -- 38,400km2 for Queensland, -- 33,050km2 for Northern Territory, and -- 21,620km2 for Western AustraliaEach polygon was calculated using Albers Equal Area Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Projection.these two species These (Beasley values areet al. based 2002; onBeasley current et al. knowledge 2005) of snubfin dolphin occurrence (see Section 20), and habitat preferences (i.e. estuarine/mangrove regions) (Parra et al. 2006b). b. What data are there to indicate There is anecdotal evidence that snubfin dolphins are less past declines in extent of common in the Great Barrier Reef region today than they were occurrence (if available, include previously, however, this is difficult to confirm without long-term data that indicates the monitoring studies (GBRMPA 2007). percentage decline over the -- In the Townsville region between 1968-1976, 15 of 24 past 10 years or 3 generations dolphins known to have been killed by anti-shark nets were whichever is longer)? snubfin dolphins (Heinsohn 1979). Parra et al. (2002) documented 41 snubfin dolphins currently housed as museum Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between specimensthese two species that were (Beasley caught et al. in 2002;shark Beasley nets between et al. 2005) 1968 and 1990; this number is almost certainly an underestimate, because another 55 unidentified ‘dolphins’ or ‘porpoises’ were caught in nets during the same period, some of which were likely to be snubfin dolphins. Ross (2006) recounts that ‘eight Irrawaddy [snubfins] drowned in Queensland shark protection nets in the period 1996-2001; seven of these were from Ellis Beach, an event that seems likely to have depleted most or all of the local population’. -- Given the potential for local extinctions due to reproductive biology; small population sizes; and reduced movement patterns; the impacts of the historical mortality from shark netting are likely to have caused past declines in snubfin dolphin Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between populationthese two species size throughout (Beasley et the al. 2002;Queensland Beasley coast,et al. 2005) wherever shark nets were in use (Paterson 1990; Ross 2006). Although evidence for potential local extinction is only available for Ellis Beach, other areas along the Queensland coast may also have experienced a complete loss of snubfin dolphins from the region as a result of incidental catch in shark nets. -- Gillnetting also began in the late 1960s (see Section 2). Gillnets have a higher probability of interacting with snubfin dolphins than shark nets, because gillnets are set in habitats that snubfin dolphins frequently occur (i.e. inshore, riverine/estuary environments near river and creek mouths), whereas shark nets are set in open beaches. Based on the large known bycatch of snubfin dolphins in shark nets, it can therefore be hypothesized Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between thatthese significant two species numbers (Beasley of et snubfin al. 2002; dolphins Beasley etwere al. 2005) incidentally caught (and many unreported) in the early gillnets fisheries. As early as the late 1970s, concern was noted by Heinsohn (in Frost 1978, p.118) that Irrawaddy dolphins [snubfin dolphins] were being caught incidentally in gillnet operations in northern Queensland.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) c. What data are there to indicate Snubfin dolphin population estimates in localized areas are future changes in extent of alarmingly small (<100 individuals), with studied populations occurrence (if available, include showing high site fidelity and strong association patterns. data that indicates the percentage decline over 10 These factors indicate that snubfin dolphin populations are years or 3 generations particularly vulnerable to increasing anthropogenic activities (i.e. whichever is longer (up to a gillnet catch and coastal development/habitat degradation) maximum of 100 years in the future) where the time period is resulting in future reduction of extent of occurrence, because a continuous period that may once extirpated locally they are unlikely to re-establish from include a component of the adjacent subpopulations. past)? 12. What is the area of occupancy (in km2) for the speciesNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between (described in Attachment A); these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) explain how it was calculated and provide information on data sources a. What is the current area of Snubfin dolphin current area of occupancy is 24,470km2 (see occupancy? Appendix A), comprised of: -- 7,010km2 for Queensland, -- 11,560km2 for Northern Territory, and -- 5,890km2 for Western AustraliaEach polygon was calculated using Albers Equal Area Projection. These values are based on current knowledge of where snubfin dolphins are ‘known to occur’, based on boat and aerial surveys throughout snubfin dolphin extent of occurrence Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between (seethese Section two species 20). (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) b. What data are there to indicate A lack of baseline studies prior to major coastal development past declines in area of and/or netting activities (including introduction of shark nets for occupancy (if available, include bather protection) along the northern Australian coastline data that indicates the prohibits a quantitative assessment of past declines in snubfin percentage decline over the dolphin area of occupancy, however, anecdotal evidence exists past 10 years or 3 generations whichever is longer)? through the following: -- the impacts of the historical mortality from shark netting are likely to have caused a past decline in snubfin dolphin area of occupancy in the Ellis Beach region (Paterson 1990; Ross 2006), and potentially other unknown areas along the Queensland coast where shark nets were operating.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these there two is speciesalso evidence (Beasley (based et al. 2002; on area Beasley of use, et al. and 2005) comparisons to shark netting data) that gillnetting may have also been responsible for large-scale by-catch of snubfin dolphins.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) c. What data are there to indicate As a result of continuing commercial and recreational gill-net future changes in area of fisheries; shark nets and drumlines still in use for bather occupancy (if available, include protection along parts of the Queensland coast; and major data that indicates the coastal development along the northern Australian coastline percentage decline over 10 (particularly port development and LNG developments - as years or 3 generations whichever is longer (up to a highlighted in Section 44), it is highly probable that there will be maximum of 100 years in the future changes in the snubfin dolphins area of occupancy over future) where the time period is the next three generations. a continuous period that may include a component of the As a result of the snubfin dolphins strict habitat preferences, the past)? potential for future alterations to their habitat and prey as a result of climate change is also a major consideration (Lawler et Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between al.these 2007). two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) 13. How many natural locations Survey data described in Section 20 indicates that snubfin do you consider the species occurs dolphins are found in small (<100 individuals), localized in and why? Where are these subpopulations, with 'hotspots' of snubfin dolphin densities along located? Provide latitude, longitude, their extent of occurrence. map datum and location name, where available, in an attached Known hotspots [natural locations] are shown in Appendix A, and table. include: The term 'location' defines a geographically or ecologically distinct Queensland area. -- Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region (excluding Shoalwater Bay) (Cagnazzi 2010)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these Repulse two species Bay (Cagnazzi (Beasley 2010)et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) -- Cleveland Bay, Halifax Bay and Hinchinbrook (Parra 2005; Parra et al. 2006ab) -- Princess Charlotte Bay and surrounding areas (Parra et al. 2006b) Northern Territory -- Darwin Harbour (Palmer 2010) -- Cobourg National Park (Palmer et al. 2008) -- Alligator Creek (Palmer 2009) -- Blue Mud Bay (Freeland and Bayliss 1989) -- Sir Edward Pellew Island Group (Marsh 2010)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Westernthese two Australiaspecies (Beasley (Thiele et al.2005; 2002; 2008; Beasley 2010) et al. 2005) -- Roebuck Bay -- Ord River/Cambridge Gulf -- Cape Londonderry -- Port Nelson area -- Prince Regent River -- Deception Bay -- King Sound/Buccaneer Archipelago14. Give locations of other There are no snubfin dolphin: populations: captive/propagated -- captive/propagated populations, populations; populations recently -- populations recently re-introduced into the wild, re-introduced to the wild; and sites -- or sites for proposed re-introductionsNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between for proposed population re- these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) introductions. Note if these sites have been identified in recovery plans. Provide latitude, longitude, map datum and location name, where available, in an attached table. 15. Is the species’ distribution Yes severely fragmented? What is Current aerial and boat-based survey information on the the cause of this fragmentation? occurrence of snubfin dolphins (Section 20), in addition to known Describe any biological, geographic, habitat preferences (i.e. preference for shallow, turbid, estuarine human-induced or other barriers environments), indicates that the species’ distribution is severely causing this species’ populations to fragmented into small, localized populations (see Appendix A). Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between be fragmented. these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Severely fragmented refers to the This fragmentation of subpopulations is likely an effect/a result of situation in which increased extinction small population sizes; high levels of site-fidelity; and preference risk to the taxon results from most for shallow, coastal and estuarine areas close to river mouths individuals being found in small and and creeks (Parra et al. 2006a;b). relatively isolated subpopulations (in certain circumstances this may be inferred from habitat information). Preliminary results of a three-year photo-identification study These small subpopulations may go (2006-2008) in the Fitzroy Basin Area, Queensland suggest a extinct, with a reduced probability of genetically isolated population of <90 individuals in the region recolonisation. (Cagnazzi 2010). A recent genetic study led by Dr. Guido Parra, combining snubfin genetic samples from the Queensland coast also indicate that the Fitzroy Basin snubfins are genetically and geographically isolated from other snubfin populations (Guido Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Parrathese pers two speciescomm. (Beasley 21 February et al. 2002;2010). Beasley et al. 2005) The apparent low migration rates of snubfin dolphins between Northern and Southern Queensland (based on genetic studies) suggest that these populations should be considered as separate entities, and considered independently for further actions towards their conservation and management (Guido Parra pers comm. 21 February 2010).Fragmentation of subpopulations is an important consideration when assessing the long-term survival probability for snubfin dolphins, particularly as snubfin dolphins are known to have high site-fidelity (Parra et al. 2006a;b). In species with high dispersalNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between betweenthese two fragments, species (Beasley the fragmentation et al. 2002; Beasley may etnot al. be2005) important. However, depleted subpopulations that are not replenished from adjacent subpopulations is a major source of vulnerability (Caughley and Gunn 1996).16. Departmental Use Only: Global Distribution 17. Describe the species’ global The following sections (17-19) provide justification for the distribution. snubfin dolphins ‘Threatened’ status based on Criterion 2: ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between thethese species’ two species resulting (Beasley from et al.(a) 2002; severely Beasley fragmented, et al. 2005) or known to exist at a limited location; where at best, the worldwide distribution of snubfin dolphins is northern Australia and some parts of Papua New Guinea/Irian Jaya; and at worst, snubfin dolphins are endemic to northern Australia. Apart from northern Australia, only a single confirmed record for the snubfin dolphin comes from Daru, Papua New Guinea (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005). As a result of the single record known from Daru, it is suspected that snubfin dolphins potentially occur in some areas of southwestern Papua New Guinea (i.e. the Kikori Delta based on Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between recordsthese two of speciesOrcaella (Beasley occurring et al. in 2002; this areaBeasley from et al.Bonaccorso 2005) et al. 2000) and possibly adjacent southeastern Irian Jaya coastal waters. No other records of snubfin dolphins from the Pacific Islands are known, despite numerous surveys (Miller 2007). The paucity of information on Orcaella in the Pacific Islands, despite numerous surveys, indicates that Orcaella numbers in this region are extremely low. All other known records of Orcaella from Indonesia and Asia have been confirmed as Irrawaddy dolphins (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005).18. Give an overview of the global If Orcaella from Papua New Guinea are confirmed as snubfin population’s size, trends, threats dolphins, the global population would be small, and apart from Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between and security of the species outside Australia,these two onlyspecies occur (Beasley in Papua et al. New2002; Guinea/Irian Beasley et al. Jaya.2005) No Australia. estimates of abundance have been calculated for Orcaella occurring in Papua New Guinea/Irian Jaya.Of importance to this category is an overview of the snubfin dolphins’ closest relative, the Irrawaddy dolphin, which has similar biological characteristics and habitat preferences to the snubfin dolphin and also occurs in small localized populations throughout Southeast Asia. The Irrawaddy dolphin is currently classified as ‘Vulnerable’ by the IUCN, with five of the six known subpopulations being listed as ‘Critically Endangered’.As justification for listing Irrawaddy dolphins as ‘Vulnerable’ by Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between thethese IUCN, two speciesReeves (Beasley et al. (2008b) et al. 2002; state Beasley ‘Where et al.the 2005) species has been studied: (1) subpopulation sizes are generally low (10s to low 100s) with the single exception of Bangladesh (approximately 5800), (2) there have been significant range declines, and (3) threats, especially bycatch and habitat degradation, have been well documented and remain severe and pervasive. Even within the largest known population of the species in Bangladesh (see above), opportunistic observations of deaths in drifting gillnets and reports from local fishermen suggest that bycatch rates are not sustainable (Smith et al. 2005). At least a 30% reduction in the range-wide population size is Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between suspectedthese two speciesover a (Beasleyperiod of et three al. 2002; generations Beasley et (45-48 al. 2005) years), including the past and future, based on increasing levels of bycatch and habitat degradation in recent years. Generation length (15-16 years) was assumed to be similar to that of Sotalia fluviatilis – a species that lives in similar habitat and has similar, but better known, life history characteristics (Taylor et al. 2007 estimated generation length for S. fluviatilis as 15.6 years). The species therefore qualifies as Vulnerable A4cd. Given the vast area and complexity of coastline inhabited by this species, it is unlikely that a more quantitative assessment of the global population will be feasible in the near future’.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) 19. Explain the relationship between the Australian population and the global population, including: a. What percentage of the global In the event that Orcaella from Papua New Guinea/Irian Jaya are population occurs in Australia; confirmed as Irrawaddy dolphins, 100% of the global population of snubfin dolphins would occur in Australia. In the event that Orcaella from Papua New Guinea/Irian Jaya are confirmed as snubfin dolphins, the percentage of the global population that occurs in Australia would be significant, but is Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between currentlythese two unknown. species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) b. Is the Australian population It appears that Orcaella from mainland Australia are distinct, geographically geographically isolated from Orcaella that occur in Papua New separate or does part or all of Guinea/Irian Jaya. This is based upon: 1. a lack of Orcaella the population move in/out of sightings in the Torres Strait region of Australia, despite Australia’s jurisdiction (give an extensive aerial and boat-based observations for dugong overview; details in Movements between 1987 and 2011 (Parra et al. 2002; Marsh et al. 2003; section); Marsh et al. 2006); and 2. a lack of suitable mangrove/estuarine habitat in the Australian Torres Strait region for Orcaella (i.e. lack of estuarine and large river systems). It is therefore highly likely that Australian populations of snubfin Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between dolphinthese two remain species in (BeasleyAustralian et al. waters, 2002; Beasleyand do etnot al. move2005) in/out of Australia’s jurisdiction. This isolation has inevitably led to adaptive differences so that the Australian populations may represent a significant evolutionary component of the species (Guido Parra pers comm. 21 February 2010). c. Do global threats affect the Global threats that affect the Australian snubfin dolphin Australian population? population are: -- International shipping activity. In the Port Alma region of Central Queensland a new coal terminal has just been proposed. One of the main areas used by snubfin dolphins would be dredged to enable container ships from all around the world to enter the terminal (http://www.balaclavaislandcoal.com.au/).Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these Climate two species change (Beasley and/or et al. sea 2002; level Beasley rise. et Climate al. 2005) change is a potential over-arching threat to coastal dolphins and their habitat, where likely impacts include: changes in prey availability affecting snubfin dolphin distribution; abundance; migration patterns; and susceptibility to disease and contaminants (Learmonth et al. 2006; Lawler et al. 2007)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Surveys and Monitoring these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) 20. Has the species been Yes - An overview of surveys to date are provided below. reasonably well surveyed? Provide an overview of surveys to date Importantly, while there are some ‘hotspots’ of snubfin dolphin and the likelihood of the species’ its occurrence (i.e. Port Alma and Roebuck Bay), in many areas in current known distribution and/or Australian waters where the distribution of snubfin and population size being its actual humpback dolphins overlaps, there are fewer sightings of snubfin distribution and/or population size. dolphins (i.e. Darwin Harbour). Even in areas where the relative Include references documenting the abundance of snubfin dolphins is similar to humpback dolphins current known distribution and location records and survey methodology where (i.e. the Townsville-Cardwell region), sighting numbers are still available. low, suggesting that snubfin dolphins are less common than other coastal dolphins (Parra et al. 2002). Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Parrathese et two al. species (2002) (Beasley also state et al. that 2002; in Beasleysome areas et al. 2005)that appear to be ‘good’ habitat (i.e. shallow, estuarine waters) for snubfin dolphins and where survey intensity has been high, few or no confirmed sightings of snubfin dolphins have been reported. As an example, Cagnazzi (2010) only sighted one group of six snubfin dolphins in Shoalwater Bay despite numerous surveys. This information supports the impression that snubfin dolphins tend to occur in small, localized populations.Queensland Far Northern Queensland Coast: Princess Charlotte Bay and surrounding areas (Parra et al. 2006b). A total of 431.3 linear km was surveyed (37.8h or survey effort).Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Seventeenthese two species groups (Beasley of snubfin et al. dolphins 2002; Beasley were sightedet al. 2005) in Princess Charlotte, Bathurst and Ninian Bays; most of the sightings occurred around Bathurst Head in Princess Charlotte Bay. No estimates of population size were possible due to the low sighting rate (Parra et al. 2006b).Northeast Queensland Coast Comprehensive boat-based studies were conducted by Dr. Guido Parra (James Cook University) from 1999-2002 in Cleveland Bay and surrounding areas (Parra 2005, Parra et al. 2006a;b). Photo-identification studies indicated a population of fewer than 100 snubfin dolphins inhabited Cleveland Bay. Capricorn coast (Fitzroy River to Shoalwater Bay)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Boat-basedthese two species surveys (Beasley and genetic et al. 2002; studies Beasley were et conductedal. 2005) by Daniele Cagnazzi (Southern Cross University) from 2006-2008 along the Capricorn coast from the Fitzroy River north to Shoalwater Bay (Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region). Estimates of population size of dolphins with long-lasting marks from model averaging across Mb, Mh and Mtb was Ň= 55 (Ň = 55.52, SE = 2.58, 95%CI = 50.45-60.59). The total population estimate considering the proportion of marked individuals (θ = 0.75), was N = 74 (N = 74.03, SE = 4.14, 95%CI = 65.91-82.09) (Cagnazzi 2010). Northern Territory Darwin Harbour, Cobourg and Alligator RiversNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --Boatthese twoand species photo-identification (Beasley et al. 2002; surveys Beasley in have et al. been 2005) conducted in Darwin Harbour since 2008, where 31 individuals have been observed (compared to 354 humpback dolphins and 252 bottlenose dolphins) (Palmer 2010). Ongoing work. -- Boat and photo-identification surveys covering 1,300km of transect in Port Essington (Cobourg Marine Park) since 2008 by Carol Palmer, where 35 sightings were observed consisting of 126 individuals (compared to 44 sightings of humpback dolphins (118 individuals), and 12 sightings of bottlenose dolphins (48 individuals) (Palmer et al. 2008). Ongoing work. -- Boat and photo-identification surveys in Kakadu National Park between March 2007 and April 2008, where 25 sightings were observed consisting of 75 individuals (compared to 34 sightings Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between ofthese humpback two species dolphins (Beasley (114 et individuals)al. 2002; Beasley and etno al. bottlenose 2005) sightings. Sightings of snubfin dolphins were observed 40km upstream the South Alligator River (Palmer 2009).Sir Edward Pellew Island Group - Gulf of Carpentaria -- Boat-based surveys, photo-identification and biopsy studies around the Sir Edward Pellew Island Group in collaboration with the Lianthawirriyarra Sea Rangers. Two sightings of snubfin dolphins were observed (compared to four sightings of humpback dolphins and one sighting of bottlenose dolphins) (Marsh et al. 2010). Ongoing work.No estimates of abundance are currently available for snubfin Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between populationsthese two species around (Beasley Darwin et Harbour, al. 2002; Beasley or the Siret al. Edward 2005) Pellew Island group of the Northern Territory.Blue Mud Bay Region - Gulf of Carpentaria Freeland and Bayliss (1989) conducted aerial surveys in the Gulf of Carpentaria, estimating around 1,000 individuals at the surface (maximum estimate = 1,227; CV=25%). The scientific credibility of this estimate has been challenged because the population estimates were extrapolated from very few sightings and the difficulty in distinguishing species from aerial surveys in turbid waters (particularly dugong ca. snubfin dolphin). Western AustraliaNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between North-easternthese two species Kimberley (Beasley Coast et al. 2002; and RoebuckBeasley et Bay al. 2005) -- Preliminary broad-scale surveys of the north-eastern Kimberley coast were conducted by Deb Thiele in 2004 and 2006, recording 15 groups of snubfin dolphins, with a total of 88 individuals (Thiele 2005). Ongoing work. -- Prince Regent River, Buccaneer Archipelago – Opportunistic surveys of Prince Regent River, Buccaneer Archipelago, Camden Sound between 2007 and 2008; followed by fine-scale studies in Buccaneer Archipelago, Napier Broome Bay region, Dampier Peninsula and Deception Bay in collaboration with Indigenous rangers in April to June 2010 (Thiele 2008; 2010; WWF 2010). Ongoing work. -- Roebuck Bay – Limited population assessment, habitat Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between mappingthese two and species photo-identification (Beasley et al. 2002; surveys Beasley in et 2007; al. 2005) followed by intensive studies in association with Indigenous Rangers in May 2009-September 2009. In Roebuck Bay, 161 snubfin dolphins have been individually identified (WWF 2010), indicating that this area is an important ‘hotspot; for snubfin dolphins. Ongoing work. -- Coral Bay and Exmouth to Broome and One Arm Point (northern Gascoyne and Pilbara to western Kimberley coast) Research Fellow Simon Allen (Murdoch University) conducted boat-based biopsy sample collection and photo-identification surveys of tropical inshore delphinids from April through July 2010. This field effort was conducted along ca. 1500 km of the northern West Australian coastline from Coral Bay in the south-Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between westthese to two One species Arm Point(Beasley in theet al. Northeast. 2002; Beasley Snubfin et al. 2005) dolphins were sighted in the Dampier Archipelago, Roebuck Bay, and north along Cable Beach. Also, anecdotal reports of several snubfin dolphin groups around the North West Cape (near Tantabiddy and within Exmouth Gulf) have been provided by Murdoch University Ph.D candidate (Mark Langdon) and Curt Jenner of the Centre for Whale Research. Furthermore, Harriet Davie of the Port Hedland Port Authority provides sightings forms including snubfin dolphins from Port Hedland Harbour. Although these reports remain unconfirmed, they have been submitted by observers considered reliable in cetacean species identification (Simon Allen pers comm. 21 Feb 2010). Ongoing work.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 21. For species nominated as NAthese two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) extinct or extinct in the wild, please provide details of the most recent known collection, or authenticated sighting of the species, and whether additional populations are likely to exist and the basis for this assertion. Provide latitude, longitude, map datum and location name, where available. 22. Is there an ongoing Yes monitoring programme? If so, Outside Australia please describe the extent and -- Kikori Delta Region, Papua New Guinea – Assessing the Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between length of the programme. taxonomicthese two species status (Beasleyof Orcaella et al. in 2002; Papua Beasley New Guineaet al. 2005) through AMMC Project 2010/11: Informing the conservation status of the Australian snubfin dolphin by assessing its distribution and abundance in adjacent waters (Dr. Isabel Beasley and Vagi Rei). Fieldwork to be conducted in June/July 2011.Nationally -- Population genetics and phylogeography of Australian snubfin and humpback dolphins: defining appropriate management units for conservation-Stage 1 (Dr. Guido Parra, Dr. Michael Krutzen, Dr. Celine Frere and Dr. Jennifer Seddon). Fieldwork and data analysis ongoing. QueenslandNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these Modeling two species habitat (Beasley suitability et al. of 2002; Australian Beasley snubfinet al. 2005) and Indo- pacific humpback dolphins along the east coast of Queensland (Dr. Guido Parra, Prof Helene Marsh, and Daniele Cagnazzi). Data analysis on-going. -- Investigating contaminant levels in Queensland coastal dolphins through AMMC Project 2010/13: Anthropogenic contaminants in Queensland’s coastal dolphins: levels and toxicological effects (Daniele Cagnazzi, A/Prof Maria Cristina Fossi, Dr Marsili Letizia and Prof Peter Harrison). Ongoing throughout 2011. -- Continuation of the Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region photo- identification project (Daniele Cagnazzi). Five years of data collection already and on-going. Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Northernthese two speciesTerritory (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) -- Darwin Harbour - Darwin Harbour Coastal Dolphin Project conducted by Carol Palmer through the Northern territory Department of Natural resources, Environment and the Arts (NRETAS). Began in 2008 and expected to continue through at least 2011. -- Cobourg Marine Park – Monitoring and assessment of inshore dolphins in Cobourg Marine Park (Garig Gunak Barlu National Park). Project no. 2007/134 (Conservation Assessment of Priority Non-Fish Marine Threatened Species in the Northern Territory). Ongoing in 2011. -- Bynoe Harbour – Photo-identification and biopsy (Carol Palmer)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these West two Alligator species and(Beasley Wildman et al. 2002;River, Beasley Kakadu et – al. Photo- 2005) identification and biopsy (Carol Palmer) -- Sir Edward Pellew Island Group, Gulf of Carpentaria - Developing a decision-process based on expert knowledge to inform the management of dugongs and coastal dolphins in Northern Australia: the Yanyuwa sea country in the Northern Territory as a case study (Prof. Helene Marsh, Dr. Alana Grech, Dr. John Bradley, Dr. Guido Parra and Dr. Scott Whiting). Phase I completed in November 2009, with Phase II to be conducted in June/July 2011 (line-transect surveys, photo-identification and biopsy). The surveys were informed by information from traditional Owners and the methodology potentially has wider application in other remote parts of the range. The expert Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between knowledgethese two species indicated (Beasley that theet al. dolphins 2002; Beasley used etthe al. area 2005) widely; the transect survey indicated that the population size was very small. -- Blue Mud Bay and other select locations in the Gulf of Carpentaria Isabel Beasley has submitted a post-doctoral proposal to AMMC to investigate the status of inshore cetaceans within the Gulf of Carpentaria. This project will involve spatial modeling to determine potentially important areas within the Gulf, followed by boat-based surveys, photo-identification, and collaborations/discussions with Traditional Owners/Ranger groups following Marsh et al. (2010) in at least three select areas within the Gulf. Dependent on funding.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Westernthese two Australiaspecies (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) -- Roebuck Bay – Population studies, habitat mapping and photo- identification surveys in Roebuck Bay (Deb Thiele, Yawuru Rangers, WA DEC, WWF). Community sighting network commenced 2007. Data analysis on-going. -- Northern Kimberley – Fine scale line transect surveys for population assessment and identification of key habitat for coastal dolphins and environmental (water quality) parameter measures to identify prey habitat in a number of locations with rangers and Traditional owners (Deb Thiele, Environs Kimberley, Coastwest) -- Kimberley – historical investigation of the estuarine barramundi fisheryNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these Coral two Bay species and Exmouth(Beasley et to al. Broome 2002; Beasley and One et al. Arm 2005) Point (northern Gascoyne and Pilbara to western Kimberley coast)- Occurrence and genetic data opportunistically collected on snubfin and humpback dolphins (Simon Allen, Murdoch University), through AMMC Project 2009/19: Genetic structure and abundance of fishery-impacted dolphin populations of the Pilbara region, North-Western Australia. -- Simon Allen has recently applied (with co-investigators Bejder, Pollock, Frere, Smith and Parra) to AMMC for funding to conduct comprehensive photo-identification surveys for all three tropical delphinids in seven locations across the Pilbara. Dependent on funding.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Life Cycle and Population 23. What is the species’ total No overall population estimate has been made for snubfin population size in terms of number dolphins inhabiting Australian waters, therefore the species total of mature individuals? How were population size in terms of number of mature individuals remains population estimates derived and unknown. However, the IUCN concluded that ‘although the are they reliable? Are there other species has been surveyed in only two areas (Cleveland Bay and useful measures of population size Gulf of Carpentaria) which, together, comprise less than 20% of and what are they? the species range, the results of those surveys, as well as In the absence of figures, terms such as preliminary results from a reconnaissance survey of a portion of common, abundant, scarce can be of value. the Kimberley coast in 2006, indicate that the number of mature individuals is well below 10,000. It is assumed that the surveyed areas are broadly representative of the species’ densityNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between acrossthese twoits range’species (Reeves (Beasley et al.al. 2002; 2008a). Beasley More et al.recent 2005) surveys (as detailed in Section 20) have obtained similar conclusions to those obtained from Cleveland Bay, indicating that Reeves et al. 2008a assumption of representative densities is valid.Cagnazzi (2010) provided information on population size of adult individuals along the Capricorn coast, where he estimated the population size of mature individuals (Nma) was 66, by adjusting the marked population size with the proportion of adult marked individuals (θma = 0.84, Nma = 66.1, SE = 3.44, 95%CI = 59.35- 72.79). If this trend of very low adult numbers (n=66) is Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between replicatedthese two species throughout (Beasley the et al. current 2002; Beasley snubfin et al. dolphin 2005) area of occupancy (i.e. 24,466km2, separated into approximately 12 known subpopulations: Appendix A), the total population size in terms of number of mature individuals could be as low as 792 individuals.24. Does the species occur in a Yes number of smaller populations? Currently two snubfin dolphin subpopulations have been How many? For each population confirmed based on surveys and genetic studies. give the locality, numbers and trends in numbers and tenure of Ongoing genetic studies indicate snubfin dolphin populations land (include extinct populations). along the urban coast of Queensland are genetically Can these be considered to be differentiated into at least two distinct genetic clusters: Northern Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between subpopulations and why? (<totalthese two size species unknown) (Beasley and et Southern al. 2002; Beasley Queensland et al. 2005)(<100 Subpopulations are defined as individuals). The low migration rates of dolphins between these geographically or otherwise distinct groups in major areas suggest that these subpopulations of snubfin the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange. dolphins from these areas should be considered as separate entities and considered independently for further actions towards their conservation and management (Guido Parra pers comm. 21 February 2010).As a result of the known current distribution of snubfin dolphins around northern Australia (Appendix A), it is likely that similar subpopulations separations will become evident with future studies (i.e. Darwin and Gulf of Carpentaria subpopulations).Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) 25. Provide details on ages of the following: a. sexual maturity; Age of first reproduction has been recorded as nine years for snubfin dolphins (Taylor et al. 2007). b. life expectancy; Based on tooth aging, the oldest known Australian snubfin dolphin was 28 years old (Marsh et al. 1989); however based on studies of other small cetaceans it is likely that life expectancy is at least 30-40 years (Taylor et al. 2007). c. natural mortality. Cetaceans are categorized as having low adult mortality and fecundity, but high infant mortality (Whitehead and Mann 2000), with reports of up to 44% of calves dying before weaning (Mann Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between etthese al. 2000). two species No causes(Beasley of et natural al. 2002; mortality Beasley et for al. snubfin 2005) dolphins are published, but individuals bearing shark bites have been observed off the east coast of Queensland (Parra pers. obs. in Ross 2006). Potential harassment from Sousa may cause natural mortality in snubfin dolphin newborns and calves (see Section 46 – Interspecific aggression) (Parra 2005). 26. Reproduction For plants: When does the species NA flower and set fruit? What conditions are needed for this? What is the pollinating mechanism?Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between If the species is capable of these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) vegetative reproduction, a description of how this occurs, the conditions needed and when. Does the species require a disturbance regime (e.g. fire, cleared ground) in order to reproduce? For animals: provide overview of There is minimal information on snubfin dolphin breeding breeding system and of breeding locations and timings. success, including: when does it --Cleveland Bay - Snubfin dolphins have been observed breed; what conditions are needed socialising year round in Cleveland Bay, suggesting that they for breeding; are there any may mate year-round (Parra 2005). Additionally, calves are breeding behaviours that may make seen year round in Cleveland Bay, indicating that this species Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between it vulnerable to a threatening maythese not two have species a particular (Beasley etcalving al. 2002; period Beasley (Parra et al. 2005). 2005) process? -- Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region – Snubfin dolphins have also been observed socializing year round, with calves also observed year round (Cagnazzi 2010). --Roebuck Bay – as for Cleveland Bay (Thiele 2010). 27. What is the population trend The following sections (27) provide justification for the snubfin for the entire species? dolphins ‘Threatened’ status based on Criterion 1 of:A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, andNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation.Even with relatively unbiased and precise abundance estimates, population trends for coastal cetaceans will be extremely difficult to detect with the space of a few years, unless decreases in population size are high (>20%pa); when populations could have decreased to very low levels (Parra et al. 2006a). Parra et al. (2006a) therefore concluded that ‘low population Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between numbersthese two and species an inability (Beasley toet al.detect 2002; trends Beasley reinforce et al. 2005) the assertions that scientific proof of decline or increase should not be a necessary criterion for enacting conservation measures (Taylor and Gerrodette 1993; Wilson et al. 1999; Thompson et al. 2000)’. a. What data are there to indicate As a result of limited baseline data, there is no quantitative past decline in size (if information to indicate past decline in population size. available, include data on rate of decline over past 10 years or However, substantial declines in snubfin numbers through direct 3 generations whichever is catch have been documented in association with anti-shark nets longer)? set to protect bathers (Paterson 1990). In the Townsville region between 1968-1976, 15 of 24 dolphins known to have been killedNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between bythese anti-shark two species nets (Beasley were snubfin et al. 2002; dolphins Beasley (Heinsohn et al. 2005) 1979). Parra et al. (2002) documented 41 snubfin dolphins currently housed as museum specimens, that were caught in shark nets between 1968 and 1990; this number is almost certainly an underestimate, for another 55 unidentified ‘dolphins’ or ‘porpoises’ were caught in nets in the same period, some of which were likely to be snubfin dolphins. Ross (2006) recounts that ‘eight Irrawaddy [snubfins] drowned in Queensland shark protection nets in the period 1996-2001; seven of these were from Ellis Beach, an event that seems likely to have depleted most or all of the local population’. Given the potential for local extinctions due to reproductive biology, small population sizes, and reduced movement patterns, the impacts of the historical Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between mortalitythese two from species shark (Beasley netting et al. are 2002; likely Beasley to have et al. caused 2005) a past decline in snubfin dolphin population size along the Queensland coast.The Australian gillnet fishery began at approximately the same time that shark nets began to be used (see Section 2 for examples of this fishery), with significant amounts of marine mammal bycatch being recorded (unknown numbers also unreported). As an example, in the early 1980s, observer programs for the northern drift net fishery reported 14,000 dolphins killed in this fishery before it was closed (Harwood and Hembree 1987; Harwood et al. 1984). There are examples of unsustainably high cetacean by-catch rates wherever cetacean Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between distributionthese two species and gillnet (Beasley fisheries et al. 2002; overlap Beasley (see et Perrin al. 2005) et al 1994; Jefferson and Curry 1994; references in Reeves et al. 2003 ‘Incidental mortality in fisheries – p14). Marsh (2000) has comprehensively evaluated the mortality of dugongs associated with gillnets in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, where there are indications that the numbers of dugongs have declined significantly along parts of the east coast of Queensland. Using 1990s aerial survey estimates of dugong abundance, and an estimate of the decline in dugong numbers since the 1960s based on changes in the catch per unit effort of dugong bycatch in the Queensland Shark Control Program, Marsh et al. (2005) estimated that the area supported 72 000 dugongs in the early 1960s , compared with an estimatedNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 4220these dugongs two species in the(Beasley mid-1990s. et al. 2002; Snubfin Beasley dolphins et al. 2005) occur in similar inshore habitats to dugong, and the results of Marsh (2000) and Marsh et al. (2005) are therefore comparable to potential snubfin dolphin declines. Marsh et al. (2005) stated that their ‘case study indicates that comparisons between historical and contemporary estimates of the abundance of large marine vertebrates can be powerful qualitative triggers for conservation action, but that quantitative targets for recovery require systematic testing of the assumptions underlying hindcast estimates, scientific evaluation of the current carrying capacity of the ecosystem for the target species, and consultation with a broad range of stakeholders. ForNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between somethese species, two species it may (Beasley be more et al. productive2002; Beasley to etset al. anthropogenic2005) mortality targets that are designed to enable the population to recover to its optimum sustainable population than to set recovery targets per se’. Similar estimates of snubfin dolphin population decline are hindered by inappropriate reporting of generic ‘dolphins’ being captured in the Shark Control Program (i.e. not separation of dolphins into species). However, this nominations calculation of the Mortality Limit [anthropogenic mortality targets] as described in Section 2 indicates that snubfin dolphin subpopulations are now so small that the allowable anthropogenic mortality is <1 dolphin per subpopulation/year. b. What data are there to indicate Continuing threats (see Section 44) indicate snubfin dolphin Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between future changes in size (if populationthese two species size will (Beasley decline et over al. 2002; the nextBeasley three et al. generations. 2005) available, include data which will indicate the percentage of decline over 10 years or 3 generations whichever in longer (up to a maximum of 100 years in the future) where the time period is a continuous period that may include a component of the past)? 28. Does the species undergo As a result of snubfin dolphins close association patterns, high- extreme natural fluctuations in level of site-fidelity, and strong habitat preferences (Parra 2005; population numbers, extent of Parra et al. 2006a;b) the species’ does not appear to undergo occurrence or area of occupancy? extreme natural fluctuations in population numbers, extent of Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between To what extent and why? occurrence,these two species or area (Beasley of occupancy. et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Extreme fluctuations can be said to occur in a number of taxa when population size or distribution area varies widely, rapidly and frequently, typically with a variation greater than one order of magnitude (i.e. a tenfold increase or decrease). 29. What is the generation Approximately 15.6 years length and how it is calculated? ‘Age at first reproduction’ was recorded as 9 years old, and Generation length is the average age of ‘oldest age of a reproducing female’ was recorded as 28 years parents of the current cohort (i.e. newborn (Taylor et al. 2007). individuals in the population). Generation length therefore reflects the turnover rate of breeding individuals in a population. Generation length is Given these parameters, comparisons can be made to Sotalia greater than the age at first breeding and less fluviatilis; also considered a facultative river dolphin (i.e. inhabits than the age of the oldest breeding individual, Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between except in taxa that breed only once. Where riverinethese two and species coastal (Beasley habitats), et al. which2002; Beasley has an et‘age al. 2005)at first generation length varies under threat, the more natural, i.e. pre-disturbance, generation length reproduction’ of 8, ‘oldest age of a reproducing female’ of 30, should be used. and an ‘interbirth interval’ of 2.5 (Taylor et al. 2007). The generation length of Sotalia fluviatilis under pre-disturbance conditions with an assumed stable population is 15.6 years (Taylor et al. 2007).Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) 30. Identify important Two of the most important subpopulations necessary for the populations necessary for the species long-term survival are: species’ long-term survival and -- Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region, and recovery? This may include: key -- Roebuck Bay. breeding populations, those near the edge of the species’ range or those These two populations are near the southerly edge of the species needed to maintain genetic diversity. range on the east and west coasts of Australia respectively.Other important known subpopulations are: Queensland -- Repulse Bay north to Hinchinbrook (including Cleveland Bay) -- Princess Charlotte Bay and surrounding areasNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Northern Territory -- Cobourg Peninsula -- Darwin Harbour -- Blue Mud Bay/Sir Edward Pellew Island GroupWestern Australia -- King Sound/Buccaneer Archipelago31. Describe any cross-breeding No cross-breeding is known. with other species in the wild, indicating how frequently and where this occurs.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 32. Departmental Use only: these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Populations In Reserve 33. Which populations are in Nationally reserve systems? Which of these Snubfin dolphins (and all cetaceans) are protected within the are actively managed for this Australian Whale Sanctuary under the EPBC Act. The Sanctuary species? Give details. includes all Commonwealth waters from the 3 nautical mile (nm) state waters limit out to the boundary of the Exclusive Economic Zone (i.e. out to 200 nm and further in some places). Within the Sanctuary it is an offence to kill, injure or interfere with a cetacean. Penalties apply to anyone convicted of such offences Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between (DSEWCPthese two 2011a).species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Queensland Within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, snubfin dolphins (and all cetaceans) are listed as ‘protected species’ under Regulation 29 of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Regulations 1983. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) has an Operational Policy on Whale and Dolphin Conservation (GBRMPA 2007), and considers the snubfin dolphins as a ‘priority species’. The GBRMPA also actively manages the Dugong (Dugong dugon), through Dugong Protection Areas, which also assists to manage other inshore dolphins.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Broadthese recoverytwo species actions (Beasley for et the al. 2002;snubfin Beasley dolphin et al. have 2005) been identified by the Department of Environment Resource and Management (DERM 2011a). There is a Queensland marine wildlife stranding and mortality database (StrandNet) that records sick, injured or mortality of cetaceans (including snubfin dolphins) and where possible determines cause of death (DERM 2011b)Western Australia Snubfin dolphins would occur in a proposed marine park at Camden Sound (DEC 2010). However, the proposed marine park would not actively manage snubfin dolphins.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Nothese other two areas species along (Beasley the entireet al. 2002; northern Beasley Australian et al. 2005) coastline actively manage snubfin dolphins. Habitat 34. Describe the species’ habitat Aerial and boat-based surveys indicate that snubfin dolphins (e.g. aspect, topography, substrate, occur in coastal (<10 km) and estuarine waters that are less climate, forest type, associated than 15m deep, turbid and close to river and creek mouths, often species, sympatric species). If the within the proximity of seagrass beds (Parra and Corkeron 2001; species uses different habitats for Parra et al. 2002; Parra et al. 2006b; Robertson and Arnold different activities (e.g. breeding, 2009). feeding, roosting, dispersing, QueenslandNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between basking), then describe each --these In Cleveland two species Bay, (Beasley snubfin et al.dolphins 2002; Beasley were found et al. 2005) to prefer waters habitat. that were less than two metres in depth, particularly those close to river mouths and where seagrass was present. Occurrence in dredged channels or waters that were between five and ten metres was low. A high level of foraging activity observed in the bay indicated that the bay was likely to be an important feeding ground (Parra et al. 2002; Parra et al. 2006b). -- In the Southern Great Barrier Reef region, the habitat preference tests for snubfin dolphins suggest that intertidal habitats and deeper waters categories 0-2m and >15m were used less frequently than what was expected by chance (P<0.001), whereas shallow interior and shallow subtidal habitats 2-5m and 5-10 were used significantly more frequently than what was expected under a Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between randomthese two distribution species (Beasley (P<0.01). et al. 2002; The deeperBeasley wateret al. 2005) category 1(10- 15 m) was used in accordance to its availability (P > 0.05) (Cagnazzi 2010). Northern Territory -- In Darwin Harbour, snubfin dolphins are typically found in waters 3-20m deep (Palmer 2010). Western Australia -- Along the Kimberley Coast, snubfin dolphins favour areas near mangrove ecosystems. Their distribution appears to correlate strongly with the occurrence of estuarine systems with a mixture of habitats (e.g. mangrove stands, tidal creeks/rivers, rocky reef, salt marsh, seagrass, corals) as these appear to provide for greater biodiversity (Thiele 2008; 2010). Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) 35. Does the species use refuge Fury and Harrison (2010) found that bottlenose dolphins habitat, e.g. in times of fire, abandon estuaries at times of lower salinity and during periods of drought or flood? Describe this higher turbidity and lower levels of pH and dissolved oxygen, habitat. which are associated with floods.Although there is limited information available on snubfin dolphin use of refuge habitat during times of flood, snubfin dolphins in the Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region were observed to move near Keppel Island (approx. 4km offshore from Yeppoon), during high floods (Daniele Cagnazzi pers comm.). 36. Is the extent or quality of the YesNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between species’ habitat in decline? If the Asthese described two species by Parra (Beasley et al. et al.(2006b), 2002; Beasley snubfin et dolphinal. 2005) prefer species uses different habitats, waters <5km from land, no more than 20km from the nearest specify which of these are in river mouth, and waters <15m deep. These areas are often decline. associated with estuarine/mangrove habitats, and are often targeted by coastal developments and modifications (see Section 2).Section 2 (Threats and Threat Abatement) provides justification for the snubfin dolphins ‘Threatened’ status based on: Criterion 1: A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’, based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between exploitation,these two species and (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Criterion 2: ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ resulting from b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.37. Is the species part of, or does Yes it rely on, a listed threatened Although snubfin dolphins do not rely on a listed threatened ecological community? Is it ecological community, they may be associated with the following associated with any other listed listed threatened species: threatened species? Marine turtles -- Green turtle (Chelonia mydas)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these Flatback two species turtle ((BeasleyNatator et depressus al. 2002; Beasley) et al. 2005) -- Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) -- Olive Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) -- Leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) -- Hawksbill turtle (Eretomochelys imbricata) Green Sawfish (Pristis zijsron)Feeding 38. Summarize the species’ food Snubfin dolphins are characterized as opportunistic generalist items or sources and feeders, preying upon bottom-dwelling and pelagic fish and timing/seasonality. cephalopods associated with coastal and estuarine waters (Parra Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between andthese Jendensjö two species 2009). (Beasley Snubfin et al. 2002;dolphin Beasley prey etincludes al. 2005) fish of the families Engraulidae, Clupeidae, Chirocentridae, Anguillidae, Hemirhampidae, Leiognathidae, Apogonidae, Pomadasydae, Terapontidae and Sillaginidae (Heinsohn 1979; Marsh et al. 1989; Parra and Jendensjö 2009). Recent analysis of snubfin dolphin stomach contents identified cardinal fish (Apogon sp.), cuttlefish (Sepia sp.), the squid Uroteuthis (Photololigo sp.) and the toothpony fish (Gazza sp.). These species are typically associated with shallow coastal waters and estuaries in tropical regions (Parra et al. 2002).39. Briefly describe the species’ As outlined above (Section 34), snubfin dolphins prefer shallow, feeding behaviours, including coastal (<10km) and estuarine waters that are close to river andNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between those that may make the species creekthese mouthstwo species. These (Beasley preferred et al. 2002; foraging Beasley areas et al. overlap 2005) vulnerable to a threatening process. considerably with gill-net recreational fishing and boating areas, which increases the probability for incidental capture in fishing gear, as well as increasing the potential for boat-strike (WWF 2010). Movement Patterns (fauna species only) 40. Describe any relevant daily -- The information available for Cleveland Bay indicates that and seasonal pattern of snubfin dolphins are not permanent residents in the Bay, but use movement for the species, or the area regularly from year to year following a model of other irregular patterns of emigration and re-immigration. Individuals spend periods of daysNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between movement, including relevant tothese a month two species or more (Beasley in coastal et al. waters2002; Beasley of Cleveland et al. 2005) Bay before arrival/departure dates if leaving, and periods of over a month outside the study area migratory. before re-entering the Bay again. These movements are possibly due to changes in prey availability and/or predation risk (Parra 2005). -- Seasonal movements by large groups have also been noted along the Kimberley coast, and are thought to be driven by social needs and/or seasonal abundance of prey, especially the migration of larval and juvenile fish and crustacean in response to seasonal input of freshwater flows at particular times of the year (Thiele 2010). -- Recurring sightings of the same individuals in the Darwin Harbour/Shoal Bay area and Cobourg, Northern Territory, Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between indicatethese two some species form (Beasley of residency et al. 2002; (resident Beasley or et semi-resident) al. 2005) of this species (Palmer 2010). -- Residency in Roebuck Bay, Western Australia is currently being investigated by Deb Thiele.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) 41. Give details of the species’ Parra (2006c) identified that snubfin dolphins has a home ranges/territories. representative range of 197km2, with two core areas of 16 and 27km2 at the population level, demonstrating that snubfin dolphins live in small, geographically isolated populations.Survey Guidelines 42. Give details of the Snubfin dolphins are difficult to detect due to their inconspicuous distinctiveness and detectability behaviour, unpredictable surfacing patterns, low surfacing of the species. profile, their tendency to live in turbid coastal waters, and their occurrence in relatively small groups. Typical surfacing Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between characteristicsthese two species when (Beasley animals et al. are 2002; traveling Beasley are et al.short 2005) dives of 30– 60 seconds, increasing to five-ten minutes when animals are foraging (Isabel Beasley pers comm.).Once detected, the snubfin dolphin is relatively easy to identify by their distinctive bulbous head with no beak and the presence of a very small dorsal fin (Shirihai and Jarrett 2006). At a distance, the snubfin dolphin could be confused with the dugong, however, the presence of a dorsal fin would confirm that the sighting is a snubfin dolphin.43. Describe methods for Surveys for snubfin dolphins have been conducted using: detecting species including when -- boat-based line transectsNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between to conduct surveys (e.g. season, --these photo-identification, two species (Beasley and et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) time of day, weather conditions); -- aerial surveys (Freeland and Bayliss 1989; Parra and Corkeron length, intensity and pattern of 2001; Parra et al. 2002; Parra 2006a;b). Methods used for the search effort; and limitations and respective surveys have been described by the authors. expert acceptance; recommended methods; survey-effort guide. For snubfin dolphins, the water clarity and the inconspicuous behaviour of the animals are major constraints on the suitability of aerial survey techniques. Boat-based surveys for snubfin dolphins are therefore recommended.As with all cetacean research, surveys are constrained by: -- weather (e.g. heavy rain prohibits surveys) -- sea-state (e.g. surveys should be conducted in <Beaufort 3)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these number two speciesof observers (Beasley available et al. 2002; (more Beasley observers et al. 2005) are often better than fewer observers) -- area to be covered -- aim of the survey (abundance estimate versus ecological studies) -- and the type of craft used for the survey. Appropriate surveys methods for small cetaceans, including snubfin dolphins, are described in detail in Aragones et al. (1997) and Dawson et al. (2008)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Section 2 - Threatsthese two speciesand (BeasleyThreat et al.Abatement 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Threats 44. Identify past, current and Whilst much of snubfin dolphin reproductive biology is unknown, future threats, to the species the biological information from their close relative, the Irrawaddy indicating whether they are actual dolphin, suggests that snubfin dolphins are a long-lived species or potential. For each threat, with slow reproduction and relative population stability. These describe: factors make snubfin dolphins particularly vulnerable to threatening processes. Before discussing past, current and future threats (below), it is first essential to understand snubfin dolphins Mortality Limit Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between [Potentialthese two species Biological (Beasley Removal] et al. 2002; (see Beasley Appendix et al. 2005) A). To investigate the allowable human-caused mortality for marine mammal populations in the US (under the US Marine Mammal Protection Act), a mortality limit (termed the Potential Biological Removal – PBR) was developed (Wade 1998). As stated by Wade (1998), the PBR is: ‘the maximum number of animals, not including natural mortalities, that may be removed from a marine mammal stock while allowing that stock to reach or maintain its optimum sustainable population’.To obtain reliable a reliable mortality limit (ML), robust estimatesNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) of abundance are required to calculate NMIN, which is then incorporated into a formula developed by Wade (1998) and described in Appendix B.Reliable estimates of abundance are available for snubfin dolphin populations in Cleveland Bay and the Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay Region. Estimates of total population size for these populations are both <100 individuals; being 67 (95%CI=51-88, CV=0.14) and 74 (95%CI=66-82, CV=0.06) individuals respectively. The mortality limit for both subpopulations are as follows:Area NMIN FR ML (dolphins/year)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Clevelandthese two species Bay (Beasley 65.7 et al. 0.1 2002; Beasley 0.1et al. 2005) 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3Keppel Bay 70.3 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4 th NMIN: minimum population size (lower 20 percentile of a log-normal distribution)FR: 0.1=Endangered Population / 0.5=Default/Stable Population / 1.0=Non Concern Population (see Appendix B for further explanation of terms)In summary, for both subpopulations the maximum number of dolphins that can be removed via anthropogenic mortality is 1 Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) dolphin per subpopulation/year (based on a FR for a ‘non concern population’), and <1 dolphin per subpopulation/year if the subpopulations are considered ‘default’ or ‘endangered’ (which is more realistic). Relevant calculations of ML [PBR] are provided in Appendix B. When assessing past, current and future threats to snubfin dolphin populations it is therefore important to consider that the loss of <1 snubfin dolphin per subpopulation/year to anthropogenic mortality is unsustainable.Past, current and future threats include: -- Habitat loss and degradation (actual)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these Disturbance two species and (Beasley displacement et al. 2002; by Beasleyvessel activity et al. 2005) (actual ) -- Disturbance and displacement by underwater noise (actual) -- Incidental capture in the Queensland Shark Control Program (actual) -- Recreational and commercial net fishery (actual) -- Catchment runoff (potential) -- Depletion of food resources through recreational and commercial fishing and habitat degradation (potential) -- Climate Change (potential) a. how and where it impacts on Habitat loss and degradation this species; Coastal development is often associated with activities such as construction, land reclamation, dredging, seismic surveys, Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between drilling,these two blasting, species increased(Beasley et commercialal. 2002; Beasley shipping, et al. 2005) resource extraction, tourism, and recreational activities. Often many of these activities are likely to result in local-scale change in the composition, structure and function of the coastal estuarine habitat and increase the potential for a wide range of threats including: -- direct removal of habitat (seagrass, mangroves) -- physical disturbance -- sedimentation -- increased vessel traffic -- noise and chemical pollutionIt is the cumulative effect of all threats that is particular cause Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between forthese concern. two species As populations (Beasley et al.of 2002;snubfin Beasley dolphins et al. are2005) small and localized, they are particularly susceptible to habitat degradation and displacement from coastal activities (Corkeron et al. 1997; Ross 2006; Parra et al. 2006a). Although the long-term impacts of habitat loss and degradation on coastal cetaceans in Australia are largely unknown, globally, habitat loss and degradation due to coastal development has significantly affected many riverine and coastal cetacean populations, including: major impacts on populations of the Indus River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica minor), the Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) (Elliot 2009); the Indo-pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) (Jefferson et al.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 2009);these two the species Irrawaddy (Beasley dolphin et al. (IUCN2002; Beasley 2010) andet al. for 2005) certain populations of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus, exposed to cumulative impacts of reduced prey availability and habitat degradation due to marine construction and demolition could lead to longitudinal population declines (Convention Migratory Species 2010).The precautionary principle should therefore apply when coastal development activities are conducted adjacent to and/or within known snubfin dolphin habitat. Numerous large-scale development projects have already gone ahead in known snubfin dolphins areas, without adequate Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between baselinethese two studies species having (Beasley being et al. conducted 2002; Beasley prior et al.to 2005)construction, such as; -- dredging for the port of the McArthur River mine, western Gulf of Carpentaria -- off the Kimberley coast, Western Australia, the extensive development of infrastructure mostly associated with the petroleum industry and iron ore activities, and seismic surveys and petroleum explorations are of concern and are suspected to have an impact at the local level at all affected sites.There are a number of projects under development in Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory that could cumulatively have a significant effect on the behaviour, Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between extentthese twoof occurrence, species (Beasley and etarea al. 2002;of occupancy Beasley et of al. snubfin 2005) dolphins. The following projects are of greatest concern:Queensland -- Proposed Balaclava Island Coal Export Terminal, Port Alma (Xstrata Coal Queensland Pty Ltd) (Queensland Government 2011a). Development and dredging proposed directly in the habitat of Fitzroy subpopulation of snubfin dolphins. -- Approved Gladstone Liquefied Natural Gas Project (GLNG) (Santos Ltd) (GLNG 2011). Fitzroy subpopulation in close proximity to developments. -- Approved Queensland Curtis Liquid Natural Gas Project (QCLNG) (BG Group) (QGC 2011). Fitzroy subpopulation in closeNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between proximitythese two tospecies developments. (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) -- Approved Australia Pacific Liquid Natural Gas Project (Conoco Philips and Origin Energy) (APLNG 2011). Fitzroy subpopulation in close proximity to developments. -- Approved Western Basin Dredging Program (Gladstone Ports Corporation) (Queensland Government 2011b). Fitzroy subpopulation in close proximity to developments. -- Townsville Port Expansion (Port of Townsville 2011). Development within Cleveland Bay subpopulation habitat -- Proposed Townsville Ocean Terminal (Queensland Government 2011c). Development within Cleveland Bay subpopulation habitat. -- Weipa Mine. Extension to mines in Weipa, with associated Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between removalthese two of species coastal (Beasley vegetation et al. (RioTinto2002; Beasley Alco et 2011). al. 2005) Development within proximity to snubfin subpopulations that occur in the Gulf of Carpentaria.Northern Territory -- Proposed Ichthys Field LNG pipeline and onshore facility development at Blaydin Point, Darwin Harbour (INPEX Browse Ltd) (INPEX 2011). Construction and development activities proposed within feeding and breeding habitat for the Darwin Harbour subpopulation of snubfin dolphins. Western Australia -- Proposed Walmandany (James Price Point) LNG gas hub northNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between ofthese Broome two species (Woodside (Beasley Ltd) et (Woodside al. 2002; Beasley 2011). et al.Construction 2005) and development within Roebuck Bay subpopulation of snubfin dolphins. -- Proposed LNG facilities on the Dampier Peninsula, including dredging operations and associated coastal shipping infrastructure (Dampier Port Authority 2011). Construction and development affecting remnant/vagrant snubfin subpopulations that still occur in the Dampier region.Disturbance and displacement by vessel activity Cetaceans exposed to prolonged vessel disturbance can suffer from repeated disruption to feeding, breeding, social or resting behaviour and can ultimately experience adverse impacts on Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between reproductivethese two species success, (Beasley distribution et al. 2002; and Beasley ranging et al. patterns, 2005) access to preferred habitat, and individual health and fitness (Bejder and Samuels 2003; Bedjer et al. 2006). Vessel disturbance is often associated with coastal development, recreational fishing and tourism activities, and can result in displacement of snubfin dolphins from important habitats (eg. feeding or resting sites) and can have more direct impacts through vessel noise and collision.In Australian waters, potential disturbance from vessels include: -- avoidance behaviour in high traffic areas (eg. Cleveland Bay, Darwin Harbour, Broome, Gladstone and Curtis Island Region). -- vessel strikes (eg. extensive evidence of vessel strike exists in Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Roebuckthese two Bay, species Cone (Beasley Bay and et al. Kampi 2002; SoundBeasley where et al. 2005) of 124 identified individuals available for assessment; 41.9% had fishing gear only marks, 9.6% had vessel strike marks only, and 11.2% had marks indicative of both fishing gear and vessel strike (WWF 2010). -- disturbance and reduced access to preferred habitats caused by increasing tourism operations (eg. increasing tourism has resulted in large and increasing numbers of passenger liners on eco-cruises using high speed zodiacs in rivers and other ‘undisturbed’ mangrove habitat embayment along the whole Kimberley Coast: WWF 2010). It is important to note that small, isolated coastal cetacean Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between populations,these two species with (Beasleyrestricted et oral. no2002; emigration-immigration Beasley et al. 2005) (i.e. closed populations) are more vulnerable to biological impacts from vessel disturbance and tourism, even with low levels of exposure (Bedjer et al. 2006; Lusseau et al. 2006).Disturbance and displacement by underwater noiseThere is considerable national and international concern that anthropogenic related sounds introduced into the marine environment may have detrimental effects on marine mammals by interfering with their ability to communicate, echolocate, and/or mask other important natural sounds (Richardson et al. 1995). Marine mammals in general have been found to avoid Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) some human sound sources for ranges of several kilometres, temporarily avoiding valuable habitat in the process (Tyack 2008; Jefferson et al. 2009).The potential effects of elevated background noise levels caused by anthropogenic noise (i.e. dredging, pile-driving, underwater surveying, shipping, recreational vessels) include: -- limiting the detection by marine mammals of natural sounds -- disturbing cetacean’s normal behaviour resulting in possible displacement from areas, and -- physical trauma causing death, and/or temporary/permanent Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between physicalthese two damage species to(Beasley sensory et al.systems 2002; Beasley (Richardson et al. 2005) et al. 2005; Nowacek et al. 2007).Our current understanding of the Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) for the snubfin dolphin is unknown. Despite this lack of understanding, a number development projects (listed above) have been approved without fully understanding the direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of noise pollution associated with them. As a result of snubfin dolphins strong site fidelity and particularly habitat preferences (Parra et al. 2006b), it is likely that snubfin dolphins exposed to high levels of anthropogenic noise would notNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between havethese the two flexibility species (Beasley to move et toal. other2002; Beasleyareas, therebyet al. 2005) increasing the potential for physical trauma.Incidental capture in the Queensland Shark Control Program The Queensland Shark Control program has been in operation since the early 1960s across many Queensland beaches using nets, or drumlines, or a combination of both. The incidental catch of snubfin dolphins in these sharks nets is a major cause for concern (as discussed in Section 11b). Captures in shark nets have occurred primarily in the northern part of the species' range, but the magnitude is unknown. Between 1967 and 1987, 520 dolphins were caught in mesh along the Queensland coast, Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between withthese the two snubfin species dolphin (Beasley being et al. 2002;the most Beasley common et al. 2005) species caught in nets north of Mackay. From 1993 to 2003, eight Australian snubfin dolphins were caught in nets, of which five died (Gribble et al. 1998; Paterson 1990; DEWR 2007). Most captures in shark nets occurred in the Townsville area, suggesting there may be potential for local stock depletion (Parra et al. 2002).The gear is in the water 365 days per year and is serviced every two days by contractors. The contractors generally set the gear about 400-500m offshore from the beach depending on water depth. Generally, with the exception of Cairns, the gear is set in 10-12m depth. The nets are 186m in length and either 3m or 6m wide depending on the area (WWF 2009). Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) As of August 2009, there were 13 shark nets and 149 drumlines [drumlins also by-catch coastal dolphins through entanglement in the lines] still in use in the following snubfin dolphin areas: -- Cairns – 5 nets and 24 drumlines -- Bundaberg – 20 drumlines -- Townsville – 54 drumlines -- Rainbow Beach – 3 nets and 24 drumlines -- Mackay – 5 nets and 27 drumlinesBetween 1995-2009, a total of 257 coastal dolphins were caught in nets and drumlines associated with the shark control program (228 caught in nets and 29 on drumlines); 17 of which were Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between snubfinthese two dolphins species (WWF (Beasley 2009). et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) According to the Mortality Limit [PBR] for snubfin dolphins along the urban Queensland coast (calculated in Section 2: Appendix B), the mortality caused by shark nets during these 14 years was unsustainable.Recreational and commercial net fishery With the continued proliferation of synthetic gillnets throughout the world, by-catch has emerged as an extremely serious threat to cetaceans, as well as other marine megafauna (Northridge 1991). There are examples of unsustainably high cetacean bycatch rates wherever cetacean distribution and gillnet fisheries Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between overlapthese two (see species Perrin (Beasley et al 1994; et al. 2002;Jefferson Beasley and et Curry al. 2005) 1994; references in Reeves et al. 2003 ‘Incidental mortality in fisheries – p14). Gillnet mortality is viewed as the chief threat to the survival of many coastal cetaceans including: the Critically Endangered vaquita (D’Agrosa et al. 2000; Rojas-Bracho and Taylor 1999), the Endangered and Critically Endangered Hectors’ dolphin populations (Martien et al. 1999; Dawson et al. 2001) and all Critically Endangered subpopulations of Irrawaddy dolphins (Smith 2004; Smith and Beasley 2004a,b,c; Jefferson et al. 2008). Typically Australian net fisheries catch is taken in waters less than 50 metres deep and close to the coast and commercial Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between fisheriesthese two are species at or (Beasley near full et exploitation al. 2002; Beasley (Kearney et al. 2005)et al 1996). There is evidence that coastal dolphin bycatch occurs in many fisheries used in Australia, where the mortality of dolphins in commercial and recreational gillnets is suggested to be significantly higher than in shark nets (Corkeron et al. 1997). In the early 1980s, observer programs for the northern drift net fishery reported 14,000 dolphins killed in this fishery before it was closed (Harwood and Hembree 1987; Harwood et al. 1984). Coastal dolphins, including snubfin dolphins, were among species caught by these driftnets. Other northern Australian inshore fisheries include: Queensland -- The East Coast Inshore Fin Fishery (ECIFF) has over 300 Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between vesselsthese two operating species (Beasleyin inshore et al.and 2002; estuarine Beasley areas et al. 2005)of the Queensland coast (as of September 2009) using a variety of methods (mesh, haul seine, tunnel, cast nets, hook, and line). This fishery operates in all tidal waters of the east coast out to the Queensland East Coast Offshore Constitutional Settlement Boundary between the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula and Queensland-New South Wales border. In areas where fishing operations overlap with dolphin occurrence, it is expected that some level of by-catch would occur (WWF 2009; Parra and Jedensjö 2009). -- Gillnetting is a major threat throughout the snubfins extent of occurrence. Snubfin dolphins are considered more susceptible to entanglement in nets (especially gillnets set for barramundi, kingNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between andthese thread two species salmon) (Beasley as they et al.are 2002; often Beasley found etcloser al. 2005) to the mouths of rivers, creeks and estuaries than most other coastal cetacean species (Hale 1997; Parra et al. 2002; Parra 2005; Parra and Corkeron 2006; Parra and Jedensjö 2009); and therefore inhabit areas where these nets are set. -- The Queensland Trawl Fishery has around 600 vessels and operates in inshore areas along the Queensland coast (WWF 2009; DSEWPC 2011). Although no snubfin dolphin mortalities are known from trawl fisheries, the fisheries are likely to degrade habitat and catch prey species. Northern Territory -- In the Northern Territory, there is also an Offshore Net and Line Fishery (ONLF) that utilizes longlines or pelagic gillnets, areaNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between ofthese operation two species is between (Beasley the et Northernal. 2002; Beasley Territory et al. waters 2005) from high water to the Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ), however the majority of fishing is undertaken within the coastal zone (within 12 nautical miles (nm) of the coast. However in 2007 no interactions with dolphins were reported (WWF 2009). -- The Northern Territory Barramundi Fishery operates in Fish tidal mud flats and associated gutters and inside a restricted number of rivers using monofilament gillnets (26 endorsements), however as of 2009, no interactions with dolphins were reported by fishers (WWF 2009). -- There is a Gulf of Carpentaria Inshore Fin Fishery (GOCIFF) that has a commercial inshore (N3) net fishery that are set in estuaries, on foreshores and in offshore waters out to seven Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between nauticalthese two miles species (nm) (Beasley from theet al. territorial 2002; Beasley sea baseline.et al. 2005) There is also a commercial bait netting (N6) fishery (WWF 2009; DSEWPC 2011). -- In the Gulf of Carpentaria, barramundi commercial fishing and potentially recreational fishing may also impact snubfin dolphins. Ghost net by-catch is also an un-quantified threat to inshore dolphins in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Western Australia -- In Western Australia, a commercial fishery operating in Roebuck Bay sets nets perpendicular to the mangroves as the tide comes in. This fishery is part of the Kimberley Gillnet and Barramundi Managed Fishery (Newman et al. 2004), which extends from the Western Australian/Northern Territory border Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between tothese the toptwo speciesof Eighty (Beasley Mile Beach, et al. 2002; south Beasley of Broome. et al. 2005) This fishery overlaps with snubfin foraging areas and the setting of nets is of considerable concern. (Thiele 2010). This fishery does not export and therefore has not undergone an assessment under the EPBC Act 1999. -- A Kimberley Prawn Managed Fishery operates between Western Australian and Commonwealth waters between Cape Londonberry and Koolan Island off the Kimberley coast (WWF 2009, DEC 2011). As of 2009, no independent observer system was in place for the regular collection of information on by-catch in this fishery (WWF 2009). Another active fishery in Western Australia is the Broome Prawn Managed Fishery (DSEWPC 2011c), once again interactions with snubfin dolphins is Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between unknown.these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) -- A Coastal Net Fishery sets coastal nets, cast nets, gill nets (commercial sector only), drag nets (recreational and Indigenous sector) that extend from the high water mark to three nautical miles from the low water mark (WWF 2009). This fishery does not export and therefore has not undergone an assessment under the EPBC Act 1999. It is worth noting however that there are already some permanent closures for this fishery in some areas including Darwin Harbour and Shoal Bay. Depletion of food resources through recreational and commercial fishing and habitat degradationNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Basedthese twoon thespecies distribution (Beasley andet al. habitat 2002; Beasley preferences et al. 2005) of snubfin dolphins, plus studies of stomach contents (Heinsohn 1979; Marsh et al. 1989; Parra and Jedensjö 2009), it appears that this species feeds mainly on estuarine-associated fish species. These prey species constitute a component of the prawn-trawl fishery bycatch, plus are targeted in some areas by estuarine fishers (e.g. barramundi and threadfin salmon). This potential anthropogenic impact can be expected throughout the Australian range of this species. Additional threats may come through targeted fishing of these potential snubfin dolphin prey-fish. The River and Inshore Beam Trawl Fishery (a sub-fishery of the Queensland East Coast Trawl fishery) is permitted to operate between Cape York and the Queensland/New South Wales Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between border.these two In species Queensland, (Beasley snubfin et al. 2002; dolphin Beasley prey et speciesal. 2005) are targeted by both trawl and inshore fisheries, and could become depleted to levels that would impact on foraging requirements if not managed appropriately (Parra and Jedensjö 2009). Catchment run-off (including pathogens) Coastal cetaceans are more susceptible to high levels of pollutants than offshore species (Jacobs 2009). Various pollutants enter coastal and estuarine waters along Australia's coastline (e.g. heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, nutrients and sediments) from many different sources (e.g. industrial and sewage discharges, catchment runoff and groundwater infiltration) (Cosser 1997; Hale 1997; Haynes and Johnson 2000;Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Kemperthese two et species al. 1994) (Beasley. The etconcentration al. 2002; Beasley and et rapid al. 2005) growth of industry, especially along the urban coast of Queensland has placed increased pressure on coastal resources. Although the ecological significance of existing contaminants within the range of snubfin dolphins is not known, recent studies on contaminant levels and water quality along the urban Queensland coastline indicate that there is a significant risk that some areas might be damaged in the future. The adverse effects of complex mixtures of organohalogen compounds and PCDD/Fs on marine mammal health are not fully understood, but their toxic properties and high concentration in bottlenose dolphins and dugongs along the Queensland coast suggests they may alsoNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between bethese a threat two species to snubfin (Beasley dolphins. et al. 2002; This Beasleythreat iset likelyal. 2005) to escalate as industrial and agricultural activities along the coastline increase (Bannister et al. 1996).More recently, declining water quality has been identified as one the top threats to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRMPA 2009). The exposure of, and sensitivity of, snubfin dolphins to this threat has also been ranked as high and very high respectively (GBRMPA 2009), particularly in relation to: -- increased bioaccumulation of toxins, -- exposure to parasites such as Toxomoplasma gondii (Bowater et al. 2003), and -- possible infectious dermal diseases. Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Athese secondary two species impact (Beasley is considered et al. 2002; the Beasley reduction et al. of 2005) the productivity of the ecosystems in which they depend. High rainfall events are predicted to increase with an increase in intensity and frequency of storm and flood events (associated with climate change) which could further exacerbate these impacts (Lough 2007).The snubfin dolphin depends on coastal and riverine habitats that may be affected by developments and pollution. Higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been found in dolphins from the Gold Coast than anywhere else in Australia. High levels of PCBs have been linked to severely impaired reproductive capacity in dolphins (Gaus et al. 2001). Some dolphins are Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between thoughtthese two to species feed regularly (Beasley aroundet al. 2002; sewage Beasley outlets et al. 2005)and port facilities and could be vulnerable to contamination from poor water quality (Gaus et al. 2001). Some studies have found significant levels of mercury in the respiratory tracts of dolphins, raising the possibility that air quality adjacent to major centers may affect dolphins (DEW 2007). Jacob (2009) and SEWPAC (2011) cite the following research: -- Kemper et al. (1994) recorded very high cadmium levels in the liver of inshore bottlenose dolphins in South Australia -- Parra et al. (2002) and Parra et al. (2006a) identified pollutants as potentially threatening to local snubfin populations in Cleveland Bay, but no data has been collected to date.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these Lavery two etspecies al. (2009) (Beasley suggests et al. 2002; there Beasley is a relationship et al. 2005) between metal toxicity (as a result of exposure to heavy metals) and renal damage and/or bone malformations in inshore dolphins in South Australian waters. -- Organohalogen pollutant levels in marine mammals from northeast Queensland were higher than expected, and may therefore affect this species. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) levels off Queensland were also found to be high (Gaus et al. 2001), potentially threatening species such as snubfin dolphins that prefer sheltered shallow waters. As noted by SEWPAC (2011), marine mammals are very Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between susceptiblethese two species to pathogen-induced (Beasley et al. 2002; mass Beasley mortalities et al. 2005) (Bannister et al. 1996), suggesting that an epizootic event could threaten a species like the snubfin dolphin with its apparently small population size and restricted coastal range. Recent studies have shown that three humpback dolphins recovered in the Townsville region between 2000 and 2001 were infected with Toxoplasmosis gondii (Bowater et al. 2003), a terrestrial parasite that can be fatal or have deleterious effects on the health of marine mammals (e.g., infection with T. gondii is one of the leading causes of mortality of southern sea otters along the California coast: Kreuder et al. 2003). Given their small population size and the fact that they occupy similar habitats to humpback dolphins, the incidence of this pathogen is of serious concern for the Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between conservationthese two species of snubfin (Beasley dolphins et al. 2002; (Parra Beasley 2006). et al. 2005) Climate Change Climate change is a seemingly over-arching and pervasive threat to coastal dolphins and their habitat. Climate change impacts in Queensland in particular (high rainfall, increased catchment run off from storms and floods) increase the exposure of dolphins to bio-accumulated toxins and infectious diseases and indirectly impact productivity of ecosystems they depend upon (Lawler et al. 2007). b. what its effect has been so far Habitat loss and degradation (indicate whether it is known or Habitat loss and degradation is observable in many areas along Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between suspected; present supporting thethese northern two species Australian (Beasley coastline. et al. 2002; The Beasley effect et of al. such 2005) information/research; does it development is known, and obvious in that habitat previously only affect certain populations); used by inshore dolphins and prey that they depend on severely degraded, or no longer exists.The coastline of Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia is an example of a severely degraded habitat adjacent to known snubfin dolphin subpopulations. Although these subpopulations are now considered ‘vagrant’, snubfin dolphin numbers may have been higher pre-habitat modification. As described by the Port of Dampier (2011), the Port of Dampier was developed in 1963 when Hamersley Iron Pty Ltd (Rio Tinto Iron Ore) entered into an agreement with the State Government to develop an iron ore Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between minethese at two Mt species Tom Price (Beasley (320km et al. inland),2002; Beasley where et aal. port 2005) in the Dampier Archipelago was required to allow the company to export iron ore to world markets. By 1966, Port and town site had been constructed in Dampier. Since this time, the following constructions have been completed: -- A general cargo wharf, across which construction materials and domestic supplies were landed. This facility – later renamed the Service Wharf – is still operational with regular imports of petroleum products. -- The Parker Point iron ore facility was also completed in 1966 and was originally designed to accept vessels up to 60,000 DWT. -- During 1972, Dampier Salt (a subsidiary of Rio Tinto Iron Ore) commenced operations. Salt is produced by solar evaporation Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between andthese currently two species some (Beasley 3.8 million et al. 2002;tonnes Beasley is exported et al. 2005) annually, with the bulk of this to the petrochemical industry. -- By the late 1970’s Woodside Offshore Petroleum and their joint ventures, realising the strategic and resources potential of the Pilbara coast, decided on Dampier as the site of their onshore LNP production plant and export wharf. -- The North Rankin ‘A’ production platform was constructed some 130kms NNW of Dampier and was connected by pipeline to their onshore site at Withnell Bay. The project was the largest engineering works ever undertaken in Australia at the time. -- A second jetty was constructed towards the end of 1995. This facility was designed to handle LPG vessels as well as condensate tankers. Approximately 1,500,000 million tonnes of LPG is Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between exportedthese two annually. species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) -- In December 2005 the Dampier Port Authority officially opened their newly constructed Dampier Bulk Liquids Berth, with Burrrup Fertilisers Pty Ltd exporting their first consignment of anhydrous ammonia in June 2006. -- Offshore exploration is continuing at an ever-increasing rate along the North West coast, with large oil and gas fields being developed (Port of Dampier 2011). Further extensive developments are now planned for the Dampier coastline to support the Gorgon Project, Australia’s largest LNG project (Chevron Australia 2011). Disturbance and displacement by vessel activityNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Therethese istwo substantial species (Beasley evidence et al. that 2002; vessel Beasley disturbance et al. 2005) can cause repeated disruption to feeding, breeding, social or resting behaviour, and can ultimately have adverse impacts on reproductive success, distribution and ranging patterns, access to preferred habitat, and individual health and fitness (Bejder and Samuels 2003; Bedjer et al. 2006). Similar findings have been obtained from Irrawaddy dolphins from the Mahakam (Kreb and Rahadi 2004) and Mekong Rivers (Stacey and Haveengard). Although there have been no such behavioural studies on snubfin dolphins, based on other studies it can be inferred that disturbance and displacement of snubfin dolphins occurs where the species co-exists with vessel activity.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Disturbance and displacement by underwater noise There are many scientific studies that discuss underwater noise and its disturbance and displacement to cetaceans where effects can include Temporary Threshold Shifts, Permanent Threshold Shifts and even death (Nowacek et al. 2007). Given cetaceans sensitive hearing and known effects of underwater noise, it can be inferred that disturbance and displacement of snubfin dolphins occurs when exposed to even low levels of underwater noise.Incidental capture in the Queensland Shark Control Program It is known that incidental capture in shark nets has caused Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between directthese deathstwo species of many (Beasley snubfin et al. dolphins2002; Beasley since et the al. 2005)mid 1960s, although exact numbers are difficult to establish because of the programs’ inadequacies of recording dolphin species (Gribble et al. 1998; Paterson 1990). Snubfin dolphins are known to occur in small, localized populations. When considering the Mortality Limit [PBR] (outlined at the start of this section), it can therefore be inferred that incidental catch in sharks nets has caused local stock depletion of snubfin dolphins along the Queensland coast, particularly in the Townsville/Cairns region.Recreational and commercial net fisheryNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Itthese is important two species to (Beasleyemphasise et al. that 2002; as Beasleydiscussed et al. in 2005)Marsh (2000) and Marsh et al. (2005) shark net data is just a subset/sample of the overall net mortality. The recreational and commercial net fisheries target similar species preyed on by dolphins (Heinsohn 1979; Marsh et al. 1989; Parra and Jedensjö 2009) and as there are significantly more gillnets than shark nets, the shark net mortality [rate] likely underestimates that of gillnets. As with incidental capture in shark nets as described above, it can be inferred that bycatch of even small numbers of snubfin dolphins has resulted in local stock depletion throughout their range.Whilst it is known that snubfin dolphins are incidentally caught in recreational and commercial gillnet fisheries (although the Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between numbersthese two remain species uncertain),(Beasley et al.for 2002; many Beasley Australian et al. 2005)fisheries the observer coverage is inadequate or non-existent, resulting in the majority of bycatch records being anecdotal (and potentially under-reported) rather than quantitative (Morizur et al; 1999; Lewison et al., 2004). In Queensland particularly and under current resourcing levels, it is presumed that the Fisheries Observer Programs within the ECIFF provide insufficient reporting of interactions with Species of Conservation Interest (SOCI) such as inshore dolphins (GBRMPA Vulnerability assessment for Inshore dolphins in progress).Depletion of food resources through recreational and commercial fishing and habitat degradationNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Therethese istwo no species direct (Beasleyevidence et thatal. 2002; depletion Beasley of et food al. 2005) resources has yet had an effect on snubfin dolphin populations.Catchment run-off (including pathogens) The adverse effects of complex mixtures of organohalogen compounds and PCDD/Fs on marine mammal health are not fully understood, but their toxic properties and high concentration in bottlenose dolphins and dugongs along the Queensland coast suggests they may also be a threat to snubfin dolphins (Gaus et al. 2001). This threat is likely to escalate as industrial and agricultural activities along the coastline increase (Bannister et al. 1996).Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Additionally,these two species three (Beasley humpback et al. dolphins 2002; Beasley recovered et al. 2005) in the Townsville region between 2000 and 2001 were infected with Toxoplasmosis gondii (Bowater et al. 2003). Given their small population size and the fact that they occupy similar habitats to humpback dolphins, the incidence of this pathogen is of serious concern for the conservation of snubfin dolphins (Parra 2006), and it may have already infected, and caused the death of, some individuals. c. what is its expected effect in Habitat loss and degradation the future (is there supporting Habitat degradation and coastal development will likely expand research/information; is the and continue into the future, with the potential to cumulatively threat only suspected; does it increase its impact as ‘pristine’ habitat becomes reduced (to the Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between only affect certain populations); detrimentthese two speciesof inshore (Beasley dolphins et al. and 2002; their Beasley prey) et andal. 2005) the human population increases (Bannister et al. 1996; Parra et al. 2002).A clear example of an expected future effect of habitat loss and degradation is illustrated by the proposed Coal Export Terminal on Balaclava Island, Port Alma, Queensland. The mouth of the Fitzroy River (Port Alma) represents the most southerly extent of snubfin dolphins on Australia’s east coast. This snubfin dolphin population is genetically distinct from northern snubfin dolphins and therefore represents a distinct subpopulation. There is currently one small port in operation in Port Alma, however, the remaining mangrove/estuarine area is in relatively pristine condition. The construction and operation of the Balaclava Coal Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Terminalthese two would species permanently (Beasley et al. degrade 2002; Beasley important et al. mangrove2005) habitat in the area, and is likely to disturb snubfin dolphins (and other inshore dolphins) through construction/underwater noise, and increased vessel traffic.The Port of Gladstone Western Basin and Disposal Project (WBDDP) seeks to dredge and dispose up to 50 million m3 of material within the Western Basin Area (Gladstone Ports Corporation 2011) to provide to port facilities for the numerous developments proposed. The volume of dredging means it is the largest dredging campaign to be undertaken in Australia. This dredging is likely to have significant impact on the region, resulting in the removal of the animals contained in the sedimentNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between withinthese twothe speciesdredged (Beasley area, a et turbidity al. 2002; plumeBeasley that et al. is 2005) transported outside the dredge area, and the mobilisation and transportation of nutrients and contaminants (APLNG 2010). Currently it remains unknown where the dredged material will be disposed, and therefore the potential impacts on snubfin dolphins in the GBRWHA is unknown. Over 100 maritime development areas have been identified for large scale maritime infrastructure development along the Queensland coast. Some of which overlap with snubfin dolphin occupancy areas, eg the Port of Hinchinbrook, Townsville Port, Port Alma, Port of Weipa (Queensland Government 2011d). Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Thethese cumulative two species effects (Beasley of suchet al. 2002;developments Beasley et alongal. 2005) the northern Australian coastline, particularly in areas known to be important for snubfin dolphins is major cause for concern.Disturbance and displacement from vessel activity and underwater noise As described for habitat degradation above, disturbance and displacement from vessel activity and underwater noise will increase in the future, particularly as human population increases along the northern Australian coastline.The ‘Economic Gateway Plan’ takes into account the potential for a trebling in trade through the Port of Townsville by 2030. It Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between incorporatesthese two species elements (Beasley of theet al. Port's 2002; Master Beasley Plan et al. which 2005) includes new and upgraded berths, land reclamation, improved transport and storage facilities, and strategically positioned land developments (Port of Townsville 2011). It is highly likely that this expansion will impact the population of snubfin dolphins in Cleveland Bay. Broome Port is located within Roebuck Bay, the emerging LNG industry coupled with an already increasing commercial and recreational vessel use of the bay is of serious concern to the potential impacts on snubfin dolphins in the bay. Currently, as part of the Inpex Development Plan in Darwin, Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between considerationsthese two species are (Beasley being made et al. 2002;to blast Beasley Walker et al. Shoal 2005) at the entrance to the shipping channel – a confined blasting predicted to continue up to 57 weeks, 3 times daily and using 50Kg charges (INPEX 2011, p357). An activity that has the potential to disturb, injure or even kill dolphins in the area Incidental capture in the Queensland Shark Control Program If shark nets and drumlines are set for bather protection, there is no doubt that they will continue to catch coastal dolphins, including snubfin dolphins. This threat will therefore continue for snubfin dolphins along the Queensland coast until all nets and drumlins are removed.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Recreational and commercial net fishery It is difficult to assess the impacts of recreational fishing however, increasing human population growth along the northern Australian coast, and increases in boat registrations indicate that vessel activity and recreational fishing will continue to increase in the future (GBRMPA Vulnerability assessment for snubfin dolphins in progress).It is estimated that approximately 45% of residents in the Fitzroy statistical division go recreational fishing at least once per year (Henry and Lyle 2003), this number is considered to substantially increase given the influx of employers to the Gladstone-Curtis Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Islandthese tworegion species as part (Beasley of the et proposedal. 2002; Beasley LNG developments. et al. 2005) Similar assumptions could be made in other areas such as Western Australia and in Darwin Harbour where large-scale LNG development projects are planned. Depletion of food resources through recreational and commercial fishing and habitat degradation Depletion of food resources is expected to become an increasing threat as fishers turn their attention to estuarine-associated fish that have previously not been targeted. This suspected threat may increase in future years as fishers target historically less desirable fish due to collapse of preferred fish stocks. Destructive fishing techniques (i.e. trawling) also destroy habitat Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between importantthese two speciesto fisheries, (Beasley and et often al. 2002; have Beasley large etamounts al. 2005) of bycatch associated with the industry.Given the small population size of snubfins, events such as disease outbreak amongst prey species and/or a significant reduction in fish stocks from overfishing or fish kills, could have a direct impact on the population viability of the species in these areas (McCarthy and Thompson 2001; Thompson et al. 2000).Catchment run-off (including pathogens) As described for habitat degradation above, catchment run-off will increase in the future, particularly as human population increases along the northern Australian coastline.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Water quality/catchment run-off issues has been highlighted by Murdoch et al. (2008). Whereby increased water temperatures and low salinity that accompanies high rainfall and catchment run off periods can cause chronic dermal infectious disease in bottlenose dolphins. Poor environmental conditions result in physiological stress that then leads to outbreaks of lobomycosis and poxvirus. These outbreaks have be linked to mortality and continuous exposure to these stressors could also be linked to adaptive immunity (Murdoch et al. 2008). Although similar infectious diseases have yet to be recorded for the snubfin dolphin, it cannot be ruled out as a potential and suspected threat. Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Through the risk-based approach established in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority’s Outlook Report (GBRMPA 2009), the snubfin dolphin along with the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin is considered the most at-risk species in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. d. what is the relative The major known threats that are currently impacting on snubfin importance or magnitude of dolphins, in order or priority are: the threat to the species. -- Habitat loss and degradation -- Incidental capture in gillnets through the recreational and commercial net fishery, and Queensland Shark Control ProgramNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these Disturbance two species and (Beasley displacement et al. 2002; from Beasley vessel et activity al. 2005) and underwater noiseThese threats are continuing unabated in many areas that snubfin dolphins are known to occur, including known snubfin dolphin hotspots (eg. Port Alma, Townsville, Broome).45. If not included above, identify Catastrophic threats that could affect snubfin dolphin populations catastrophic threats, i.e. threats include: with a low predictability that are -- Severe cyclones that destroy habitat and disrupt prey (low likely to severely affect the species. likelihood). As an example, in February 2011, Cyclone Yasi Identify the threat, explain its likely devastated the Queensland coast. The cyclone and storm surge impact and indicate the likelihood of destroyed coral beds and important sea grass beds having a Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between it occurring (e.g. a drought/cyclone potentiallythese two species devastating (Beasley effect et al. on 2002; local Beasley dugongs et al. and 2005) marine in the area every 100 years). megafauna populations (i.e. turtles and dolphins) (CMS 2011). The number and intensity of tropical cyclones has increased significantly as the environment has warmed and this trend is expected to continue into the future (Webster et al. 2005). -- Oil spills that degrade important habitat and disrupt prey (low likelihood, but the likelihood increases as more industry is constructed along the coast, and more cargo ships travel into coastal regions).46. Identify and explain any There are a number of biological characteristics that contribute additional biological with anthropogenic mortality to threaten snubfin dolphin characteristics particular to the survival:Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between species that are threatening to its Habitatthese two and species feeding (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) survival (e.g. low genetic -- Behavioural observations (Parra 2006) together with diversity)? information on diet (Heinsohn 1979; Marsh et al. 1989; Parra and Jendensjö 2009) indicate coastal-estuarine waters are important foraging habitats for snubfin dolphins. Because of their coastal distribution and feeding ecology, snubfin dolphins are at greater risk of directly or indirectly interacting with fisheries operating in coastal waters (Parra and Jendensjö 2009). Interspecific aggression There is considerable overlap in ranges of snubfin and humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) throughout the snubfin dolphin extent of occurrence, however, it is hypothesized that humpback dolphins may directly compete with snubfin dolphins for Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between resourcesthese two species(Parra 2005).(Beasley Interspecific et al. 2002; Beasley aggression et al. 2005) from humpback dolphins towards the snubfin have been observed in Cleveland bay, and may result in exclusion of the snubfin dolphin from key habitat areas, displacing them into areas not utilized by humpbacks, such as sea grass beds, river mouths and very shallow water (Parra et al. 2006b). In the worst case, interspecific aggression may cause newborn snubfin mortality Life history, survival and population growth rates --The snubfin dolphins reproductive biology (i.e. long-lived species with slow reproduction and relative population stability) is likely to make the species particularly vulnerable to threatening processes (see similar example of Hector’s dolphins in Pichler et al. 2003).Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Distributionthese two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) -- Recent genetic studies indicate clear population differentiation between snubfin dolphin populations in the north (Hinchinbrook and Townsville) and south of Queensland (Keppel Bay). There appears to be very low migration rates between these two regions (Guido Parra, unpublished data), which accentuates the potential for local extinction. Abundance -- Small populations, (such as snubfin dolphin subpopulations), are more prone to extinction than large stable populations because of loss of genetic variability and environmental and demographic stochasticity (Caughley and Gunn 1996). The low subpopulation estimates raise concerns about the long-term Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between survivalthese two of species snubfin (Beasley dolphins et andal. 2002; emphasizes Beasley et the al. need2005) to increase research and conservation efforts in Australia if conservation is to be successful (Parra et al. 2006a).47. Identify and explain any As a result of a lack of rigorous population estimates for snubfin quantitative measures or dolphins nationally, no quantitative measures or models have models that address the addressed the probability of the species’ extinction in the wild probability of the species’ extinction over a particular timeframe. in the wild over a particular timeframe. However, snubfin dolphin Mortality Limit [PBR] (discussed in Section 2: Appendix A) indicates that anthropogenic mortality of <1 individual per subpopulation/per year will lead to population decline.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Additionally, population viability analysis of well known coastal dolphin species (i.e. bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus and Hector’s dolphin, Cephalorhynchus hectori) indicate the populations of <100 animals face high extinction probabilities (Thompson et al. 2000; Burkhart and Slooten 2003).48. Is there other information There are currently no national or global estimates of abundance that relates to the survival of this for snubfin dolphins. However, based on the evidence provided species that you would like to for this nomination, snubfin dolphin subpopulations must have address? declined in the past and undoubtedly face a high potential for decline in the near future. This potential decline increases as preferred estuarine/mangrove habitat is destroyed and degraded Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between inthese association two species with (Beasley large-scale et al. coastal2002; Beasley development, et al. 2005) and bycatch in shark nets and fisheries continues. It would be unproductive to defer this assessment in anticipation of a formal estimate of population size and trends for several reasons. -- Firstly, surveys of coastal dolphins are time-consuming and expensive exercises. Over the entire range of this species such surveys would cost, at best, many hundreds of thousands of dollars and may take several years to complete. Whilst it is important to continue to research the species – it should not be at the expense implementing protective measure now.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between --these Secondly, two species the (Beasley demonstration et al. 2002; of Beasley a trend et al. requires 2005) at least two surveys, exacerbating the above problem, while leaving the species exposed to threats. In all likelihood a major decline occurred before the species was ever studied. -- Thirdly, given the low population size and density, to statistically demonstrate a declining trend is prohibitively difficult. Thus, an appropriate precautionary approach is to heed the abundance of evidence for threats to this species, and declines due to those threats in other species.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Thethese mortality two species limit (Beasley [PBR] calculatedet al. 2002; inBeasley Section et al.2 provides2005) clear evidence that the current level of mortalities along the east coast is unsustainable and resulting in declining subpopulations. This situation is no doubt also occurring in other parts of northern Australia based on known threats and mortalities.There is substantial documented evidence of the critical situation facing the majority of coastal and riverine cetaceans worldwide (Northridge 1991; Perrin et al 1994; Jefferson and Curry 1994; Bracho and Taylor 1999; Martien et al. 1999; D’Agrosa et al. 2000; Dawson et al. 2001; Reeves et al. 2003), with five of the six subpopulations of Irrawaddy dolphins (snubfin dolphins closest relative) being classified as Critically Endangered (Smith Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 2004;these Smithtwo species and Beasley(Beasley et2004a,b,c; al. 2002; Beasley Jefferson et al. et 2005) al. 2008). Extinction is a reality for endangered species such as coastal and riverine dolphins, and has apparently already occurred to the Baiji (Lipotes vexillifer) that once inhabited the Yangtze River of China (Smith et al. 2008; Reeves & Gales 2006; Turvey et al. 2007). Unfortunately, the history of coastal dolphin indicates that by the time population declines are noticed, and action taken, they may have passed the point where conservation remedies are simple or inexpensive to implement. Australia has an international responsibility to appropriately manage and conserve the snubfin dolphin; one of Australia’s only potentially endemic cetacean species.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Threat Abatement and Recovery 49. Give an overview of how There is currently minimal management being undertaken to broad-scale threats are being abate broad-scale threats affecting snubfin dolphin populations. abated/could be abated and other recovery actions underway/ Bannister et al. (1996) and Ross (2006) recommended the proposed. Identify who is following actions be taken to better understand the threats to undertaking these activities and snubfin dolphins (few of which have been implemented): how successful the activities have -- Determine the distribution and monitor abundance of snubfin been to date. dolphins in Australian waters to assess the possible impact of threats, particularly the effect of direct and indirect fishing Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between activities.these two Thisspecies should (Beasley be done et al. 2002;via boat-based Beasley et al.surveys 2005) and line transect techniques, particularly in northern waters. -- Obtain information on snubfin dolphin diet to determine their trophic level and assess any possible impact of the fishing industry on dolphin food resources. -- Determine the taxonomic relationships within and outside the Sahul Shelf region to assess the likely impact of threats on possible individual populations of snubfin dolphins. -- Obtain basic biological information (including diet, pollutant levels, and genetic samples) from incidentally-caught and stranded snubfin dolphin specimens, especially from the Arafura and Timor Seas. This should include ensuring specimens are made available to appropriate scientific museums to enable Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between collectionthese two ofspecies life history (Beasley data et al. and 2002; tissue Beasley samples et al. for2005) genetic analysis. -- Develop an education program and information material about snubfin dolphins, and distribute to the general public. Develop a community sighting program throughout their range to monitor distribution.The change of many shark nets to drumlines in 1992 has resulted in a decline in the number of dolphins killed at a regional level (Gribble et al. 1998), however significant catch of coastal cetaceans (and snubfin dolphins) still occurs in both nets and drumlines (WWF 2009).Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Currentlythese two 38%species of (Beasleycoastal waterset al. 2002; (i.e. Beasley waters et within al. 2005) 10km from the mainland) along the urban coast of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area are protected from mesh-netting through Dugong Protection Areas (Alana Grech pers comm. in Para 2006a), however mesh-netting continues along the remainder of the coast, with bycatch of snubfin dolphins in these nets still highly likely.As stated by Parra et al (2006a) ‘Species with high levels of site fidelity are vulnerable to population declines due to habitat degradation and loss, particularly when those species occupy relatively restricted habitats (Warkentin and Hernandez 1996). The various habitats within the home range of local populations Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between ofthese snubfin two speciesdolphins (Beasley are unlikely et al. 2002; to be Beasley of the etsame al. 2005) quality. Consequently degradation and loss of coastal habitat can lead to an increase in distance among habitat patches and/or reduction in number of remnant habitats (i.e. habitat fragmentation; Andrén 1994). Abatement of habitat degradation and loss is therefore of high priority for snubfin dolphin conservation efforts.50. For species nominated as NA extinct in the wild, provide details of the locations in which the species occurs in captivity and the level of human intervention required to sustain the species. Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Mitigation Approach 51. Describe any mitigation In Roebuck Bay, injuries to snubfin dolphins from human measures or approaches that activities were investigated (WWF 2010). This report, in have been developed specifically for association with media exposure (both locally and nationally), the species at identified locations. raised awareness of this issue and highlighted the threat of Identify who is undertaking these injuries to snubfin dolphins from fishing gear, high boat speed activities and how successful the and boat strike. The overlap of important snubfin dolphin areas activities have been to date. (i.e. socializing and foraging areas) with main recreational fisher routes was also emphasized, which resulted in the Broome Department of Transport and the Broome Port Authority taking action to reduce boat speeds in the bay. Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) On 4-5 May 2010, a ‘Tropical Inshore Dolphin Workshop’ was held by the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts to discuss the current status of inshore dolphins in northern Australia. Various conservation recommendations resulted from this meeting, none of which have yet been initiated.52. Departmental use only: Major Studies 53. Identify major studies on the Ongoing genetic studies in association with the AMMC funded Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between species that might relate to its projectthese two “Population species (Beasley genetics et al.and 2002; phylogeography Beasley et al. 2005) of Australian taxonomy or management. snubfin and humpback dolphins: defining appropriate management units for conservation-Stage 1” (conducted by Dr Guido J. Parra, Ms Céline Frére, Dr Jennifer Seddon and Dr Michael Krützen) indicate snubfin dolphin populations along the urban coast of Queensland are genetically differentiated into at least two distinct genetic clusters: Northern and south Queensland. The low migration rates of dolphins between these major areas suggest that populations of snubfin dolphins from these three areas should be considered as separate entities and considered independently for further actions towards their conservation and management.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Carolthese Palmer two species and (Beasleyco-authors et al. have 2002; recently Beasley submittedet al. 2005) a manuscript for review entitled: ‘Analysis of mitochondrial DNA clarifies the taxonomy and distribution of the Australian snubfin dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni) in northern Australian waters’; which confirms through genetic studies that Orcaella from the Northern Territory are Orcaella heinsohni.Management Documentation 54. Identify key management There are no recovery, conservation, or threat abatement plans documentation available for the for snubfin dolphins or coastal cetaceans. species, e.g. recovery plans, Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between conservation plans, threat Thethese following two species documents (Beasley mayet al. inform2002; Beasley protection et al. and2005) abatement plans. management of snubfin dolphins: -- The Action Plan for Australian Cetaceans (Bannister et al. 1996). -- Review of the Conservation Status of Australia's Smaller Whales and Dolphins (Ross 2006). -- Australian National Guidelines for Whale and Dolphin Watching (DEWHA 2005). -- The North Marine Bioregional Plan: Bioregional Profile: A Description of the Ecosystems, Conservation Values and Uses of the North Marine Region (DEWHA 2008a). -- North-West Marine Bioregional Plan: Bioregional Profile: A Description of the Ecosystems, Conservation Values and Uses of Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between thethese North-West two species Marine (Beasley Region et al. 2002;(DEWHA Beasley 2008b). et al. 2005) -- Threat abatement plan for the impacts of marine debris on vertebrate marine life (DEWHA 2009). 55. Departmental use only: Section 3 — Indigenous Cultural Significance56. Is the species known to have Snubfin dolphins have Indigenous cultural significance for a Indigenous cultural significance to number of groups in the Kimberley and Northern Territory. This significance has not yet been scientifically documented.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between groups within the Australian these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) jurisdiction and, if so, to which Indigenous groups? Are you able to provide information on the nature of this significance?Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Section 4 – theseReferences two species (Beasley and et Reviewers al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Notes:  The opinion of appropriate scientific experts may be cited (with their approval) in support of a nomination. If this is done the names of the experts, their qualifications and full contact details must also be provided in the reference list below.  Please provide copies of key documentation/references used in the nomination57. Reference list Andren, H. 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review. Oikos 71: 355-366.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between APLNG. 2011. Australia Pacific Liquid Naturalthese two Gas species Project (Beasley (Conoco et al. Philips 2002; Beasleyand Origin et al. Energy). 2005) http://www.aplng.com.au/.APLNG. 2010. Australia Pacific LNG Project – Environmental Impact Statement. http://www.aplng.com.au/eisAragones, L.V., T.A. Jefferson. and H. Marsh. 1997. Marine mammal surveys techniques applicable in developing countries. Asian Marine Biology 14: 15-39.Arnold, P. & G. Heinsohn (1996). Phylogenetic status of the Irrawaddy dolphin Orcaella brevirostris (Owen in Gray): a cladistic analysis. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 39:141-204.Bannister, J.L., C.M. Kemper & R.M. Warneke (1996). The Action Plan for Australian Cetaceans. Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between [Online]. Canberra: Australian Naturethese Conservation two species (Beasley Agency. et Availableal. 2002; Beasley from: et al. 2005) http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/publications/cetaceans-action-plan/pubs/whaleplan.pdf.Beasley, I.L., P.W. Arnold & G.E. Heinsohn (2002). Geographical variation in skull morphology of the Irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 10:15-24.Beasley I., K.M. Robertson and P. Arnold (2005). Description of a new dolphin: The Australian snubfin dolphin Orcaella heinsohni sp.n. (Cetacea, Delphinidae). Marine Mammal Science. 21(3):365-400.Bedjer, L., A. Samuels, H. Whitehead, N. Gales, J. Mann, R. Conner, M. Heithaus, J. Watson-Capps, C. Flaherty, & M. Krützen (2006). Decline in relative abundance of bottlenose dolphins exposed to long-term disturbance. Conservation Biology. 20 (6).Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Bejder, L. and A. Samuels. 2003. Evaluatingthese thetwo specieseffects (Beasleyof nature-based et al. 2002; tourism Beasley on et cetaceans.al. 2005) Pages 229-256 in Gales, N., M. Hindell & R. Kirkwood (Eds). Marine Mammals: Fisheries, Tourism, Management Issues. CSIRO Publishing, Australia.Bonoccorso, F. 2000. A small survey for marine mammals in the Kikori Delta region of PNG. Unpublished report to WWF-PNG and the National Museum and Art Gallery of Papua New Guinea.Bowater, R.O., J. Norton, S. Johnson, B. Hill, P. O'Donoghue and and H. Prior (2003). Toxoplasmosis in Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins (Sousa chinensis), from Queensland. Australian Veterinary Journal. 81:627-632.Burkhart, S.M., E. Slooten. 2003. Population viability analysis for Hector’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori): a stochastic population model for local populations. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Freshwater Research 37: 553-566.these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Cagnazzi, D. Ph.D Thesis. Southern Cross University Whale Centre. In Review (2010).Caughley, G. and A. Gunn. 1996. Conservation Biology in Theory and Practice. Blackwell Science, Oxford, England. 445pp.Chevron Australia. 2011. Gorgon Project. http://www.chevronaustralia.com/ourbusinesses/gorgon.aspxConvention on Migratory Species website. Accessed 2011. Cyclone Yasi and the Dugong. http://www.cms.int/species/dugong/dugong_news.htmNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Convention on Migratory Species website.these Accessed two species 2010. (Beasley Small et Cetaceans al. 2002; Beasley Reports; et al. Available 2005) online: www.cms.int/reports/small _cetaceans/data/t_aduncus/t_aduncus.htm. Corkeron, P.J., N.M. Morissette., L.J. Porter. and H. Marsh. Distribution and status of hump=backed dolphins Sousa chinensis in Australian waters. Asian marine Biology 14: 49-59.Cosser, P., ed. (1997). Nutrients in Marine and Estuarine Environments. Australia: State of the Environment Technical Paper Series (Estuaries and the Sea). Canberra, Department of the Environment.D’Agrosa, C., C.E. Lennert-Cody. And O. Vidal. 2000. Vaquita bycatch in Mexico’s artisianal gillnet fisheries: driving a small population to extinction. Conservation Biology 14:1110-1119. Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Dampier Port Authority. 2011. Port of Dampierthese two Management species (Beasley Plan et 2010-2020:al. 2002; Beasley Expanding et al. 2005) the boundaries. http://www.dpa.wa.gov.au/Documents/Port-Planning-Development/2010-2020-Port- Development-Plan/FINAL-Port-Development-Plan-(Public).aspxDawson, S. P. Wade., E. Slooten. and J. Barlow. 2008. Design and field methods for sighting surveys of cetaceans in coastal and riverine habitats. Mammal Review 38: 19-49.Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPC). 2011a. Gulf of Carpentaria Inshore Fin Fish Fishery. http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/fisheries/qld/fin-fish/index.html.Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPC). 2011b. Orcaella heinsohni – Australian snubfin dolphin. http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=81322these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPC). 2011c. Broome Prawn Managed Fishery. http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/fisheries/wa/broome- prawn/index.htmlDepartment of Environment and Conservation (DEC). 2010. Proposed Camden Sound Marine Park – Indicative Management Plan 2010. Department of Environment and Conservation. Downloadable from: http://www.dec.wa.gov.au/content/view/5665/2297/ Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) (2009). Threat abatement plan for the impacts of marine debris on vertebrate marine life. [Online]. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/marine-debris.html.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) (2008a). The North Marine Bioregional Plan: Bioregional Profile: A Description of the Ecosystems, Conservation Values and Uses of the North Marine Region. [Online]. Canberra: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/mbp/publications/north/pubs/bioregional-profile.pdf.Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) (2008b). North-West Marine Bioregional Plan: Bioregional Profile: A Description of the Ecosystems, Conservation Values and Uses of the North-West Marine Region. [Online]. Canberra: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/mbp/publications/north-west/bioregional-profile.html.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Department of the Environment and Heritagethese two (2005). species Australian (Beasley etNational al. 2002; Guidelines Beasley et al.for 2005) Whale and Dolphin Watching. [Online]. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/publications/whale-watching-guidelines-2005.html.Department of the Environment and Water Resources (DEWR). 2007. Draft East Marine Bioregional Plan: Bioregional Profile: A Description of the Ecosystems, Conservation Values and Uses of the East Marine Region.Department of Environment Resource and Management (DERM). 2011a. The Australian snubfin dolphin. Accessed online: http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildlifeecosystems/wildlife/az_of_animals/australian_snubfin_dolphi n.htmlNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Department of Environment Resource andthese Management two species (Beasley(DERM). et 2011b al. 2002; . Whale Beasley Conservation et al. 2005) – Australian whale sanctuary.http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/species/cetaceans/conservation/sanctuary.htm l Department of Environment Resource and Management (DERM). 2011b. Marine Wildlife Stranding. http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildlifeecosystems/wildlife/caring_for_wildlife/marine_strandings.htmlDawson, S.M. 1991. Incidental catch of Hector’s dolphins in inshore gillnets. Marine Mammal Science 7: 283-295.Elliott, W., H. Sohl, V. Burgener, 2009. Small cetaceans, the forgotten whales. WWF Species Programme, Gland, Switzerland. Available online at: Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/media/press/2009/WWFBinaryitem12794.pdfthese two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Freeland, W.J. and P. Bayliss. 1989. The Irrawaddy river dolphin Orcaella brevirostris in coastal waters of the Northern Territory, Australia: distribution, abundance and seasonal changes. Mammalia. 53:49-57.Frost, S. 1978. Whales and Whaling: Report of the Independent Inquiry Conducted by The Hon. Sir. Sydney Frost. Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra. 2 Vols.Fury, C.A. and P.L. Harrison. 2011. Impact of flood events on dolphin occupancy patterns. Marine Mammal Science. Article first published online: 7 February 2011 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1748- 7692.2010.00447.xNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Gaskin, D.E., G.J.D. Smith, A.P. Watson,these W.Y. two Yasui species and (Beasley D.B. Yurick. et al. 2002;1984. Beasley Reproduction et al. 2005) of the porpoises (Phocoenidae): implications for management. Reports of the International Whaling Commission: 135-147.Gaus, C., O. Paepke, N. Dennison, D. Haynes, G.R. Shaw, D.W. Connell and J.F. Mueller. 2001. Evidence for the presence of a widespread PCDD source in coastal sediments and soils from Queensland, Australia. Chemosphere. 43(4-7):549-558.Gladstone Ports Corporation. 2011. Western Basin Dredging and Disposal Project. http://www.gpcl.com.au/Project_Western_Basin_Dredging_&_Disposal.htmlGLNG. 2011. Gladstone Liquefied Natural Gas Project (GLNG) (Santos Ltd). http://www.glng.com.au/.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between QGC. 2011. The Queensland Curtis LNG theseProject. two specieshttp://www.qgc.com.au/01_cms/details.asp?ID=5 (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority 2009, Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report 2009, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, viewed 09/02/2011 http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/about_us/great_barrier_reef_outlook_report>.Gribble, N.A., G. McPherson and B. Lane. 1998. Effect of the Queensland shark control program in non-target species: whale, dugong, turtle and dolphin: a review. Marine and Freshwater Research. 49:645-651.Hale, P. 1997. Conservation of inshore dolphins in Australia. Asian Marine Biology 14: 83-91.Harwood, M.B. and D. Hembree. 1987. Incidental catch of small cetaceans in the offshore gillnet Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between fishery in northern Australian waters:these 1981-1985. two species (Beasley Reports et of al. the 2002; International Beasley et al.Whaling 2005) Commission 37: 363-367.Harwood, M.B., K.J. McNamara., G.R.V. Anderson. And D.G. Walter. 1984. Incidental catch of small cetaceans in a gillnet fishery in northern Australian waters. Reports of the International Whaking Commission 34: 555-559.Heinsohn, G.E. 1979. Biology of small cetaceans in North Queensland waters. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, Queensland.Inpex. 2011. Ichthys Project – Draft Environmental Impact Statement. http://www.inpex.com.au/ichthys-draft-environmental-impact-statement/welcome.aspxNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Jacob, S. 2009. The ecology and conservationthese two of species tropical (Beasley inshore et dolphins, al. 2002; Beasley Sousa etchinensis al. 2005), Orcaella heinsohni and Orcaella brevirostris: a review of current knowledge. An NR595 project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Marine Science and Management at the University of New England.Jefferson, T.A., Karczmarski, L., Kreb, D., Laidre, K., O’Corry-Crowe, G., Reeves, R.R., Rojas-Bracho, L., Secchi, E., Slooten, E., Smith, B.D., Wang, J.Y. & Zhou, K. 2008. Orcaella brevirostris (Mahakam River subpopulation). In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 March 2011.Jefferson, T.A. 2000. Population biology of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin in Hong Kong waters. Wildlife Monographs 144: 65pp.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Jefferson, T.A. and B.E. Curry. 1994. Athese global two review species of (Beasley porpoise et al.(Cetacean: 2002; Beasley Phocoenidae) et al. 2005) mortality in gillnets. Biological Conservation 67: 167-183.Kasuya, T. 1972. Growth and reproduction of Stenella coeruleoalba based on age determination by means of dentinal growth layers. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute 24: 57-79.Kearney, R.E., Andrew, N.L. and West, R.J. 1996, Some issues in the management of Australia's marine and coastal fisheries resources, Ocean and Coastal Management 33(1-3): 133-146.Kreb, D. and K.D. Rahadi. 2004. Living under an aquatic freeway: effects of boats on Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in a coastal and riverine environment in Indonesia. Aquatic Mammals 30(3): 363-375.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Lawler, I.R., Parra, G.J. and Noad, M. 2007.these twoVulnerability species (Beasley of marine et al. mammals2002; Beasley in the et al. Great 2005) Barrier Reef to climate change. In. Climate change and the Great Barrier Reef: a vulnerability assessment. Eds J.E. Johnson and P.A. Marshall, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and Australian Greenhouse Office, Townsville, pp 497-513. Learmonth. 2006. Potential effects of climate change on marine mammals. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An annual review 44: 431-464.Lewison, R.L., L.B. Crowder., A.J. Read. And S.A. Freeman. 2004. Understanding impacts of fisheries bycatch on marine megafauna. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19:598-604.Lough, J.M. 2007, Climate and climate change on the Great Barrier Reef, in Climate change and the Great Barrier Reef: a vulnerability assessment, eds J.E. Johnson and P.A. Marshall, Great Barrier Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Reef Marine Park Authority and Australianthese two Greenhouse species (Beasley Office, et al. Townsville, 2002; Beasley pp. et 15-50, al. 2005) viewed 09/02/2011, <http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/22590/chapter02- climate-scenarios.pdf>.Lusseau, D., L. Slooten. and R.J.C. Currey. 2006. Unsustainable dolphin-watching tourism in Fiordland, New Zealand. Tourism in Marine Environments. 3(2): 173-178.McCarthy, M.A. and Thompson, C. 2001. Expected minimum population size as a measure of threat, Animal Conservation 4: 351-355.Mann, J., R.C. Connor., L. Barre. And M. Heithaus. 2000. Female reproductive success in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.): life history, habitat, provising and group size effects. Behavioural Ecology 11: 210-219.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Marsh, H., Bradley, J., Parra, G., Grech, A., Whiting, S., Beasley, I., Johnson, S., Barret, D., Fitzpatrick, N., Friday, G., Johnston, A., Keighran, F., Miller, R., Norma, Laura., Norman, Leonard, Pracy, D., and the Yanyuwa families. 2010. Yarrbanthawu ki-Miriyiyu: Looking for dolphins. Developing a decision based process based on expert knowledge to inform the management of dugongs and coastal dolphins in northern Australia: The Yantuwa sea country in the Northern Territory as a case study. Published by the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, pp.46.Marsh, H., I. R. Lawler., D. Kwan., S. Delean., K. Pollock. and M. Alldredge. 2006. Aerial surveys and the potential biological removal technique indicate that the Torres Strait dugong fishery is unsustainable. Animal Conservation 7(4): 435-443. Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Marsh, H.M., G. De’ath., N. Gribble. andthese B. Lane. two species 2005. (Beasley Historical et al. marine 2002; Beasleypopulation et al. estimates: 2005) triggers or targets for conservation? The dugong case study. Ecological Applications 15(2): 481- 492.Marsh, H., A. N. M. Harris, and I. R. Lawler. 2003. The Sustainability of the Indigenous Dugong Fishery in Torres Strait, Australia / Papua New Guinea. Conservation Biology 11(6) 1375-1386.Marsh. H. 2000. Evaluating management initiatives aimed at reducing the mortality of dugongs in gill and mesh nets in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area.Marsh H.. Lloze R, Heinsohn G.E. & T. Kasuya. 1989. Irrawaddy dolphin Orcaella brevirostris. Ridgeway S.H. & R. Harrison, eds. Handbook of Marine Mammals. River Dolphins and the Larger Toothed Whales. Vol 4:101-118.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Martien, K.K., B.L. Taylor., E, Slooten. And S. Dawson. 1999. A sensitivity analysis to guide research and management for Hector’s dolphin. Biological Conservation 90: 183-191.Miller, C. 2007. Current status and knowledge of cetacean threats, diversity and habitats in the Pacific Islands Region. WDCS Australian Inc. 98pp.Morizur, Y., S.D. Berrow., N.J.C. Tregenza., A.S. Couperus. and S. Pouvreau. 1999. Incidental catches of marine mammals in pelagic trawl fisheries of the northeast Atlantic. Fisheries Research 41: 297-307.Murdoch, E.M., Reif, J.S., Mazzoil, M., McCulloch, S.D., Fair, P.A. and Bossart, G.D. 2008, Lobomycosis in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: estimation of Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between prevalence, temporal trends, and spatialthese two distribution, species (Beasley EcoHealth et al. 2002; 5(3): Beasley 289-297. et al. 2005) Newman. S.J., Skepper, C. and R. McAuley, 2004. Kimberly gillnet and barramundi managed fishery status report. http://www.fish.wa.gov.au/docs/sof/2004/sof20042005-0403-05.pdfNorthridge, S.P. 1991. Driftnet fisheries and their impacts on non-target species: a worldwide review. FAO Fisheries technical Paper No. 320.Nowacek, P.D., Thorne, H. L., Johnston, W, D., Tyack, L.P. 2007. Response of cetaceans to anthropogenic noise. Marine Mammal Review. 37 (2): 81-115Palmer, C. 2010. Darwin Harbour coastal dolphin project. Department of Natural Resources, Environment, Arts and Sport. Unpublished Interim Report. 12pp.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Palmer, C. 2009. Ecology of the Australian snubfin Orcaella heinsohni and Indo-Pacific humpback Sousa chinensis dolphins in Kakadu National Park. Department of Natural Resources, Environment, Arts and Sport. Unpublished Interim Report 3. 16pp.Palmer, C., P. Fitzgerald, A. Wod., and A. McKenzie. 2008. Final Report: Monitoring and assessment of inshore dolphins in Cobourg Marine Park. Conservation Assessment of Priority Non-Fish Marine Threatened Species in the NT: Project no. 2007/134. Unpublished report. 21pp.Parra G.J. and M. Jedensjö. 2009. Feeding habits of Australian Snubfin (Orcaella heinsohni) and Indo- Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis). Project Report to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville and Reef & Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns (22pp.). Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Parra, G.J. 2005. Behavioural ecology ofthese Irrawaddy, two species Orcaella (Beasley brevirostris et al. 2002; (Owen Beasley in etGray, al. 2005) 1866), and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis (Osbeck, 1765), in northeast Queensland, Australia: a comparative study. Ph.D. Thesis. Townsville: James Cook University.Parra, G.J., P.J. Corkeron. And H. Marsh. 2006a. Population sizes, site fidelity and residence patterns of Australian snubfin and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins: Implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 129: 167-180.Parra, G.J. 2006b. Spatial distribution and environmental correlates of Australian snubfin and Indo- Pacific humpback dolphins. Ecography 29:1-11.Parra, G.J. 2006c. Resource partitioning in sympatric delphinids: Space use and habitat preferences of Australian snubfin and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. Journal of Animal Ecology. 75:862-874.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Parra, G.J., A.R. Preen, P.J. Corkeron, C. Azuma and H. Marsh 2002. Distribution of Irrawaddy dolphins, Orcaella brevirostris, in Australian waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 10:141-154.Parra, G.J. & P.J. Corkeron. 2001. Feasibility of using photo-identification techniques to study the Irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris. Aquatic Mammals. 27:45-49.Paterson, R.A. 1990. Effects of long-term anti-shark measures on target and non-target species in Queensland, Australia. Biological Conservation 52: 147-159.Paterson, R.A., S.M. Van Dyck and I.C. Gynther. 1998. Irrawaddy dolphins Orcaella brevirostris (Owen in Gray) from southern Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 42(2): 554.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Perrin, W.F., G.P. Donovan. and J. Barlow.these Gillnets two species and (Beasleycetaceans. et al. International 2002; Beasley Whalinget al. 2005) Commission - Special Issue 15. 629pp. Pichler, F., E. Slooten. And S. Dawson. 2003. Hector’s dolphins and fisheries in New Zealand: A species at risk. In. Marine mammals: fisheries, tourism and management issues. Eds Gales, N., M. Hindell. And R. Kirkwood. CSIRO Publishing, Australia. 446pp.Port of Townsville. 2011. Port development Planning. http://www.townsville- port.com.au/content/view/179/180/.Queensland Government. 2011a. Balaclava Coal Terminal. http://www.dlgp.qld.gov.au/resources/project/balaclava-coal/bicet-ias-figure-4-3.pdfNomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Queensland Government. 2011b. Port ofthese Gladstone two species Western (Beasley Basin et al.Dredging 2002; Beasley and Disposal et al. 2005) Project. http://www.dip.qld.gov.au/projects/transport/harbours-and-ports/port-of-gladstone-western- basin-strategic-dredging-and-disposal-project.htmlQueensland Government 2011c. Townsville Ocean Terminal. http://www.dip.qld.gov.au/projects/tourism-arts-and-recreation/cruise-terminals/townsville- ocean-terminal.html.Queensland Government. 2011d. Maritime Development Areas. http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/environmental_management/coast_and_oceans/coastal_manageme nt/maritime_development_areas.htmlReeves, R.R. and N.J. Gales. 2006. Realities of baiji conservation. Conservation Biology 20(3): 626-Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 628. these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Reeves, R.R., Jefferson, T.A., Karczmarski, L., Laidre, K., O’Corry-Crowe, G., Rojas-Bracho, L., Secchi, E.R., Slooten, E., Smith, B.D., Wang, J.Y. and Zhou, K. 2008a. Orcaella heinsohni. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 March 2011.Reeves, R.R., Jefferson, T.A., Karczmarski, L., Laidre, K., O’Corry-Crowe, G., Rojas-Bracho, L., Secchi, E.R., Slooten, E., Smith, B.D., Wang, J.Y. and Zhou, K. 2008b. Orcaella brevirostris. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 March 2011.Reeves, R.R., B.D. Smith., E.A. Crespo. and G. di Sciara Notarbartolo. 2003. Dolphins, whales and Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between porpoises: 2002-2010 Conservationthese Action two speciesPlan for (Beasley the World’s et al. Cetaceans.2002; Beasley IUCN/SSC et al. 2005) Cetacean Specialist Group. IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 139pp.Richardson, W.J., C.R.J. Greene., C.I. Malme. and D.H. Thomson. 1995. Marine mammals and noise. San Diego Academic Press.Rio Tinto Alcan 2011. Rio Tinto Aluminum Activities. http://sales.riotintoaluminium.com/freedom.aspx?pid=204Robertson K.M, Arnold P.W. 2009. Australian snubfin dolphin Orcaella heinsohni. In: Encyclopedia of marine mammals (Perrin WF, Würsig B, Thewissen JGM, eds.) Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp. 62-64Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Rooney. N. 2006. Structural asymmetrythese and thetwo speciesstability (Beasley of diverse et al. food 2002; webs. Beasley Nature. et al. 2005)442. 265-69. Pojas-Bracho, L. and B.L. Taylor. 1999. Risk factors affecting the vaquita (Phocoena sinus). Marine Mammal Science 15:974-989.Ross, G.J.B. (2006). Review of the Conservation Status of Australia's Smaller Whales and Dolphins. Page(s) 124. [Online]. Report to the Australian Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/publications/pubs/conservation-smaller-whales- dolphins.pdf.Sala, E. 2006. Top predators provide insurance against climate change. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21 (9), 479-80.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Shirihai, H. and B. Jarrett. 2006. Whales, Dolphins and Seals: A Field Guide to the Marine Mammals of the World. A & C Black Publishers Ltd. 384pp.Slooten, E. and F. Lad. 2001. Population biology and conservation of Hector’s dolphin. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 1701-1707.Smith, B.D., Zhou, K., Wang, D., Reeves, R.R., Barlow, J., Taylor, B.L. & Pitman, R. 2008. Lipotes vexillifer. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 22 March 2011.Smith, B. D., Ahmed, B., Mansur, R., Tint, T. and Mya, T. T. 2005. New information on the status of finless porpoises Neophocaena phocaenoides and Irrawaddy dolphins Orcaella brevirostris in Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Bangladesh and Myanmar. Scientificthese Committee two species Document (Beasley etSC/57/SM4. al. 2002; Beasley International et al. 2005) Whaling CommissioSmith, B.D. 2004. Orcaella brevirostris (Ayeyarwady River subpopulation). In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 March 2011.Smith, B.D. & Beasley, I. 2004a. Orcaella brevirostris (Malampaya Sound subpopulation). In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 March 2011.Smith, B.D. & Beasley, I. 2004b. Orcaella brevirostris (Mekong River subpopulation). In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 21 March 2011. these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Smith, B.D. & Beasley, I. 2004c. Orcaella brevirostris (Songkhla Lake subpopulation). In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 March 2011.Stacey, P.J. and G.T. Hvengaard. 2002. Habitat use and behaviour of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in the Mekong River of Laos. Aquatic Mammals 28(1): 1-13.Tas’an, A. A. Irwandry, D. Sumitro. And S. Hendrokusumo. 1980. Orcaella brevirostris (Gray 1866) from the Mahakam River, Jakarta. Unpublished report. Jaya Ancol Aquarium. 38pp.Tas’an, A. and S. Leatherwood. 1984. Cetaceans live-captured for Jaya Ancol Oceanarium, Djakarta, Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between 1974-1982. Reports of the Internationalthese two Whaling species Commission(Beasley et al. 34: 2002; 485-489. Beasley et al. 2005) Taylor, B.L., S.J. Chivers., J. Larese, and W.F. Perrin. 2007. Generation length and percent mature estimates for IUCN assessments of cetaceans. Administrative Report LJ 07-01. Naational Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Centre. 24ppTaylor, B.L. and T. Gerrodette. 193. The uses of statistical power in conservation biology: the vaquita and northern spotted owl. Conservation Biology 7: 489-500.Thiele, D. 2005. Report of an opportunistic survey for Irrawaddy dolphins, Orcaella brevirostris, off the Kimberley coast, Northwest Australia. Unpublished paper submitted to the International Whaling Commission Scientific Committee Korea SC/57/SM2.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Thiele, D. 2008. Background report to DEWHA.these two Ecology species of(Beasley inshore et al.and 2002; riverine Beasley dolphin et al. species2005) in northwestern Australian waters. Kimberley coast Orcaella project. Summary of current knowledge – EPBC listed inshore dolphin species on the Kimberley Coast.Thiele, D. 2010. Final report to WWF. Iconic marine wildlife surveys. Unpublished Report.Thompson, P.M., B. Wilson., K. Grellier. and P.S. Hammond. 2000. Combining power analysis and population viability analysis to compare traditional and precautionary approaches to conservation of coastal cetaceans. Conservation Biology 14, 1253-1263.Turvey, S.T., R.L. Pitman., B.L. Taylo., T. Akamatsu., I.A. Barrett., X. Zhao., R.R. Reeves., B.S. Stewart., K. Wang., Z. Wei., I. Zhand., T. Pusser., M. Richlen., J.R. Brandon. And D. Wang. 2007. First human-caused extinction of a cetacean species. Biology Letters 3:537-540.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) UNEP-WCPC. 2006. In the front line: shoreline protection and other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs. UNEP-WCPC, Cambridge, UK Wade, P.R. 1998. Calculating the limits to the allowable human-caused mortality of cetaceans and pinnipeds. Marine Mammal Science 14(1): 1-37.Warkentin, I.G. and D. Hernandez. 1996. The conservation implications of site fidelity: a case study involving Nearctic-neotropical migrant songbirds wintering in a Coast Rican mangrove. Biological Conservation 77: 143-150.Webster, P.J., G.J. Holland., J.A. Curry. And H.R. Chang. 2005. Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration and intensity in a warming environment. Science 309: 1844-1846.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Whitehead, H. and Mann, J. 2000. Female reproductive strategies of cetaceans. Pages 219-246. In. Mann, J., R.C. Connor., P.L. Tyack. And H. Whitehead (eds). Cetacean societies – field studies of dolphins and whales.Wilson, B., P.S. Hammond. and P.M. Thompson. 1999. Estimating size and assessing trends in coastal bottlenose dolphin population. Ecological Applications 9: 288-300.Woodside. 2011. Browse LNG Development. http://www.woodside.com.au/Our+Business/Browse/Browse+LNG+Development/background.htmWWF 2010. Collision course: snubfin dolphin injuries in Roebuck Bay. A report prepared by Dr Deborah Thiele for WWF-Australia, June 2010.Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) WWF 2009. The conservation of coastal dolphins (Australian snubfin dolphin Orcaella heinsohni and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin Sousa chinensis) in northern Australia. A report prepared by Nias, R.C., A. Lawrence. and S. Mustoe for WWF Australia, September 2009.58. Has this document been reviewed and/or have relevant experts been consulted? If so, indicate by whom (including current professional position). Nomination Simon Allen,Research Fellow, Murdoch University Cetacean Research UnitCentre for Fish and Fisheries Murdoch University.Email: [email protected] Dr. Isabel Beasley, Research Scientist and Adjunct Lecturer, James Cook University, Townsville. Email: [email protected]Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Daniele Cagnazzi, PhD Candidate, theseSouthern two species Cross University,(Beasley et al. Australia. 2002; Beasley Email: et al. 2005) [email protected] Professor Helene Marsh, Distinguished Professor of Environmental Science, Dean – Graduate Research Studies, James Cook University, Townsville. Email: [email protected] Dr. Guido Parra, Lecturer, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University / Threatened, Endangered & Protected Species (TEPS), South Australian Research & Development Institute (SARDI) – Aquatic Sciences. Email: [email protected] Dr. Deborah Thiele, Research Scientist, Marequus Pty Ltd, Blackwood Farm, Victoria Valley Road, Mirranatwa 3294, VictoriaNomination Distribution Maps Dr. Isabel Beasley, Research Scientist and Adjunct Lecturer, James Cook University, Townsville. Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between Email: [email protected] two(East species Coast (Beasley and Northern et al. 2002; Territory Beasley distribution et al. 2005) maps) Dr. Deborah Thiele, Research Scientist, Marequus Pty Ltd, Blackwood Farm, Victoria Valley Road, Mirranatwa 3294, Victoria. Email: [email protected] (Western Australia distribution maps)Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. Not applicable - there is no N/A conservation theme for the 2011 assessment period. Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations provides evidence for: A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. Taxonomy 2. What are the currently accepted Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762) scientific and common name/s for the Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821) species (please include Indigenous Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866) names, where known)? Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005) Note any other scientific names that have Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin been used recently. Note the species authority and the Order and Family to Indigenous names which the species belongs (Family name Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et alone is sufficient for plants, however, al. 2010). both Order and Family name are required for insects). 3. Is this species conventionally Yes accepted? If not, explain why. Is there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT conventionally NA accepted, please provide: The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin] (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the form suitable for publication in conventional snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular scientific literature; OR literature. (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species. 5. Is this species taxonomically distinct Yes (Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin, of how unique a species is relative to Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic, other species)? cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005) Area of occupancy

Threatened Species Nomination Form - Orcaella Heinsohni

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