<p>Please read the information below carefully before answering the questions.</p><p>Method</p><p> TESE stands for TEsticular Sperm Extraction. By means of a minor operation under (general) anaesthesia, sperm cells are retrieved from a testicle. Fertilisation takes place through IVF in combination with ICSI.  IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation) is also called test-tube fertilisation. In order to achieve fertilisation, egg and sperm cells are united in a laboratory. A woman receives hormonal therapy so that her egg cells can ripen. The egg cells are retrieved from the ovaries (via the vagina) by means of a syringe with a hollow needle.  ICSI (IntraCytoplasmatic Sperm Injection) is a form of in vitro fertilisation whereby a single sperm cell is injected into an egg cell by means of a needle. When an egg cell and sperm cell fuse, an embryo is formed. This embryo is then replaced in the uterus. </p><p>Risks Men run a small risk of bleeding, infections and/or pain following TESE, as in any operation. There is sometimes a (momentary) decrease in the blood testosterone level. Women run a very small risk of bleeding or infection after the ovaries are punctured. They also have an approximately 1% chance of overstimulation as a result of the hormonal therapy. This may involve stomach-aches, nausea and/or vomiting, for which they sometimes have to be hospitalised. Children who are born after an IVF treatment with TESE-ICSI may run a slightly increased risk of congenital defects or a developmental disorder (probably an additional chance of 1- 2% in addition to the risk of 2-3% that applies to everyone).</p><p>Chance of Success Sperm cells are successfully retrieved through TESE in approximately half (50%) of the men with Klinefelter’s syndrome. After TESE-ICSI, a clinical pregnancy is achieved in approximately 25% of the women, and a child is eventually born. If there is a sufficient number of sperm cells and embryos, the embryos that are not immediately transferred to a woman’s uterus can be frozen. If the transfer does not result in pregnancy, these embryos can be thawed at a later stage and then transferred. In every treatment (transfer), there is an approximately 25% chance of a clinical pregnancy.</p><p>Costs The costs of the TESE-ICSI procedure are usually covered by your medical insurance, but this depends on your insurance company and policy conditions. Three treatments (transfers) are usually reimbursed.</p><p>Further Information More information on TESE/IVF/ICSI can be found at - www.nvog.nl (patient information, reproductive medicine)</p>