<p>1 Lectures 1 – 9: Spectroscopy</p><p>Introduction, absorption spectroscopy and electromagnetic spectrum. Chromophore and energy level. Beer’s law and its deviations, spectrophotometer and colorimeter. Parameters measured in absorption properties of a chromophore. Applications of absorption spectroscopy. Reporter groups.</p><p>Lectures 10 – 14: Membrane Filtration and Dialysis</p><p>Nitrocellulose filters and membrane filtration, fiberglass filters. Applications of nitrocellulose and fiberglass filters. Polycarbonate filters and their uses.</p><p>Dialysis and membrane filtration. Factors affecting the rate of dialysis. Reverse dialysis, glass fiber dialysis. Molecular filtration – diaflo and pellicon.</p><p>Lectures 15 – 26: Chromatography</p><p>Partition chromatography: theory, uses and examples.</p><p>Adsorption chromatography: Types of adsorption chromatography.</p><p>Operation of columns, elution, supports</p><p>Paper chromatography: detection and identification of spots.</p><p>Thin layer chromatography</p><p>Gas liquid chromatography: its advantages and uses.</p><p>Gel chromatography: theory, materials used, advantages and applications.</p><p>Thin layer gel chromatography and its uses.</p><p>High performance liquid chromatography and its applications</p><p>Ion exchange chromatography: principles, properties of ion exchangers, choice of ion exchangers, porosity and mesh size, capacity, choice of pH, buffer and ionic conditions. Applications of ion exchange chromatography.</p><p>Affinity chromatography and its applications.</p><p>Hydroxyapatite chromatography.</p><p>Lectures 27 – 32: Hydrodynamic methods</p><p>Sedimentation, simple theory of velocity-sedimentation. Instrumentation for ultracentrifugation. Analytical and preparative ultracentrifuge. Boundary- sedimentation-velocity experiment. Factors affecting sedimentation velocity.</p><p>2 Zonal centrifugation through reformed density gradient. Determination of molecular weight by sedimentation.</p><p>Lectures 33 – 37: Electrophoresis and Isoelectric focusing</p><p>Theory of electrophoresis, types of electrophoresis: moving boundary and zone electrophoresis, paper electrophoresis, cellulose acetate strip and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,. SDS-PAGE- vertical and horizontal electrophoresis and their applications. Agarose gel electrophoresis and its applications. Isoelectric focusing its theory and applications. Fingerprinting and large-scale preparative electrophoresis.</p><p>Lectures 38 – 41: Radioisotope Techniques</p><p>Nature of radioactivity (atomic stability and radiation, types of radioactive decay). Detection and measurement of radioactivity. Radioactive counting. Applications of radioisotopes in biochemistry. Radiation risk and safety.</p><p>Lectures 42 -44: Immunological Methods</p><p>Immunological system. Preparation of antibodies and immune reaction. Immunodiffusion methods. Radioimmunoassay. Immunoradiometric assay and immunoelectrophoresis.</p><p>Books:</p><p>Physical Biochemistry: Principles and Applications by David Sheehen</p><p>Physical Biochemistry: Applications to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by David M. Friefelder.</p><p>Practical Biochemistry – Principles and techniques by Keith Wilson and John Walker</p><p>3 4</p>