<p>Chapter 5</p><p>The Integumentary System</p><p>Outline and Objectives</p><p>INTRODUCTION</p><p>1. Briefly list the functions of the integumentary system.</p><p>STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN</p><p>2. Describe the two principal parts of the skin.</p><p>3. Discuss the structure and function of the subcutaneous layer.</p><p>Epidermis</p><p>4. Name the four principal types of cells found in the epidermis and their roles.</p><p>5. List the layers of the epidermis.</p><p>Stratum Basale</p><p>6. Describe the features of the stratum basale.</p><p>7. Discuss the use of skin grafts in epidermal injury.</p><p>Stratum Spinosum</p><p>8. Describe the features of the stratum spinosum.</p><p>Stratum Granulosum</p><p>9. Describe the features of the stratum granulosum.</p><p>Stratum Lucidum</p><p>10. Describe the features of the stratum lucidum.</p><p>Stratum Corneum</p><p>11. Describe the features of the stratum corneum.</p><p>Keratinization and Growth of the Epidermis 12. Describe the process of keratinization and the role of hormones in the </p><p> process.</p><p>13. Discuss the events of psoriasis and list the various treatments for this </p><p> problem.</p><p>Dermis</p><p>14. Discuss the two layers of the dermis in terms of the connective tissue cells </p><p> and matrix, as well as the host of sensory receptors, immune cells, adipocytes,</p><p> and functional extensions of the epidermis.</p><p>15. Discuss the appearance, development, and uniqueness of the epidermal </p><p> ridges.</p><p>The Structural Basis of Skin Color</p><p>16. Explain the basis for skin color function and variation.</p><p>17. Discuss the use of skin color as a diagnostic clue for certain conditions.</p><p>Accessory Structures of the Skin</p><p>18. Explain what is meant by epidermal derivative, and the organs that are in </p><p> this category.</p><p>Hair</p><p>19. Discuss the location of hair in the adult.</p><p>Anatomy of a Hair</p><p>20. Describe the cell types involved in production of the hair root and follicle, </p><p> and how they are related to the structures of the sheath layers.</p><p>21. List the accessory structures (nerves, erector pilli muscle, sebaceous gland,</p><p> etc.) and their functional relation to the hair follicle. Hair Growth</p><p>22. Discus the growth and resting stages of the hair cycle.</p><p>Hair Color</p><p>23. Discuss the role of melanin in hair color.</p><p>Functions of Hair</p><p>24. List and describe the functions of hair.</p><p>Skin Glands</p><p>25. List the different types of skin glands.</p><p>Sebaceous Glands</p><p>26. Explain the distribution and size of glands over the body, as well as the </p><p> content, function, and dysfunction of the sebum secretion.</p><p>27. Describe the cause, location, and possible outcome of acne.</p><p>Sudoriferous Glands</p><p>28. Discuss the different structures, locations, and secretions of the two types of </p><p> sudoriferous glands.</p><p>Ceruminous Glands</p><p>29. Discuss the specialized location of ceruminous glands and the difference in </p><p> purpose between cerumin and sebum.</p><p>30. Discuss the effect of impacted cerumen on hearing and the treatment for the </p><p> condition.</p><p>Nails</p><p>31. Describe the components of the fingernails and toenails and their growth </p><p> pattern. Types of Skin</p><p>32. Compare the structural and functional differences between thin and thick skin.</p><p>Functions of Skin</p><p>33. List the functions of skin.</p><p>Thermoregulation </p><p>34. Explain the role of the skin in helping to maintain the homeostasis of </p><p> normal</p><p> body temperature.</p><p>Protection</p><p>35. Describe the role of the skin in providing a physical, chemical, and </p><p> biological barrier for protection.</p><p>Cutaneous Sensations</p><p>36. Briefly discuss the types of cutaneous sensations that are associated with </p><p> the skin.</p><p>Excretion and Absorption</p><p>37. Discuss the role of the skin in excretion of substances from the body and </p><p> in absorption.</p><p>Synthesis of Vitamin D</p><p>38. Discuss the role of the skin in vitamin D synthesis.</p><p>39. Discuss the process of transdermal drug administration.</p><p>Maintaining Homeostasis: Skin Wound Healing</p><p>40. List the two kinds of skin wound healing, based on the depth of the injury.</p><p>Epidermal Wound Healing 41. Outline the causes, description, and steps involved in epidermal wound </p><p> healing.</p><p>Deep Wound Healing</p><p>42. Outline the causes, description, and steps involved in deep wound healing.</p><p>Development Anatomy of the Integumentary System</p><p>43. Describe the development of the epidermis, its derivatives, and the dermis.</p><p>Aging and the Integumentary System</p><p>44. Describe the causes and effects for the following skin disorders: burns, </p><p> sunburn, skin cancer, acne, and pressure sores.</p><p>45. Discuss the effect of overexposure to the sun on the skin.</p><p>Skin Cancer</p><p>46. Discuss the types of skin cancer and the risk factors for skin cancer.</p><p>Burns</p><p>47. Distinguish between the characteristics of first, second, and third degree </p><p> burns, and their treatment.</p><p>Pressure Sores</p><p>48. Discuss the cause of pressure sores.</p><p>Medical Terminology</p><p>49. Define medical terminology associated with the integumentary system.</p>