A DINING AND DRINKING ESTABLISHMENT for Submitted in Partial FuUfillment of the Requirements for a Bachelor'3 Degree in Architecture William C. Hill Architecture 422-D Texas Tech University December lO, 1974 0 «)G3> (] 0 «)Cs>:(j SoS.2 ioo.}~I CONTENTS PREFACE . , ii INTRODUCTION 1 THE PROGRAM General Information 9 Economics The Client and His Objectives Type of Operation The Menu PART I: ENVIRONMENT The Site o . o o 13 Climate 15 PART II: MAN Demographic Characteristics 24 Social/Cultural . , 28 Patrons 39 PART III: A DINING AND DRINKING ESTABLISHMENT Operation and Organization , 33 The Exterior 38 Activities and Space Requirements , o . , 42 Environmental Comfort 60 Building Restrictions . o o o . 65 Correspondence ........ o ,.. , 75 BIBLIOGRAPHY 76 PREFACE An architectural program is not just a definitive object. It is also a process víhich seldom, if ever reaches an ideal state. The process usually continues through planning and design as new ideas are form- ulated and new hypotheses are derived. As a definitive object, the program serves to document that information thought to be relevant or pertinent to the activity at hand. As a process, programming prepares those intuitive aspects of design so necessary to the creation of "successful architecture." The primary purpose of this program has been to collect and evaluate certain isolated information about man and the environmental context (both physical and non-physical) in which he engages in a particular activity or activities. It should not be considered complete in its present form, however, as the evaluation of information is a continuous process concluded only when the data is transposed into spatial ex- pressions. My research has discounted many of the preconceived notions of the problem that I had in the beginning and often have suggested much more viable solutions. Behavior, as such, was not studied as the basis for the formulation of design criteria. However, the spatial requirements and environ- mental conditions optimum for the desired or expected behavior patterns have been included as general observations of the programmer. p,9, Emerging Techniques; Architectural Programming. M INTRODUCTION On May 11, 1970, a devastating tornado swept through Lubbock destroy- ing or damaging large sections of the city. The area hit the hardest was a predominantly poverty area north of the downtown. Subsequent to the May llth tomado, a 36 block area at the northeast segment of the C.B.D. was designated as an Urban Renewal project. The reuse plan for the area is summarized as: 20.32 acres commercial 42,35 acres public ROW 9.06 acres street ROW J l I I L 4th St. JlEnnnnni ] Ennnnn ] E lOth St. 1 1 I r The Memorial Center Program currently under way will result in the development of a 36 block area with a major civic center as its core, The civic center will be constructed and equipped with bond funds endorsed by the Lubbock citizens, It will include a theatre seating 1,457; a banquet hall seating 1500; an exhibit hall with space for 193 boothes or seating for 5,540 persons, Once completed, the civic center will provide facilities for conventions, meetings, recreational, educational, and cultural programs for the citizens of Lubbock. In addition, it will have far-reaching effects in terms of economic con- tribution. In addition to the civic center facility the Mahon Library has recently been completed and is now in use. The west and south periphery of the area is being offered for sale for development by private commercial interests. West Texas Hospital will develop an entire block on the southeast periphery. An IBM office building will be built on the southwest corner of the 36 block area. Lubbock is one of the few regional centers in West Texas that has maintained an above average economic health in light of recent re- cessionary trends in most area economies. The development of Lubbock as the retail and wholesale trade center for a large region, combined with the expansion of its manufacturing base has relaxed the city's dependence upon agriculture. In addition, the presence of Texas Tech and the numerous state and federal govemmental agencies has increased the relative stability of the local economy. Past performance there- fore, seems to indicate that its satisfactory growth rate should 2 continue in the foreseeable future. 2 Lubbock's effective buying power for the past several years has aver- aged about $600 million. An analysis of employment projections and income from all major activities will approximately double in the next 15 years. MAP 1 LU55UL>í^ ETAlL TRADE AREA - 26 COUNTIES Browntvillt The population trend has been upward and employment in higher paying occupations and industries is increasing at a relatively rapid rate, The number of families with annual incomes of over $8000 increased from 257o to 547» between 1960 and 1970. In 1973, the median family income was $10,576 and the percentage of families in the over $8000 3 income range was 477«. The Lubbock trade area includes a good part of its regional hinter- lands. The regional hinterlands are well served by an excellent network of arterial highways which converge on the city from all sections of the rural trade area. Interstate 84 extends from the northwest to the southeast through Lubbock. Interstate 87 is the major north-south route and 82 runs in an east-west direction from Lubbock. Within metropolitan Lubbock, the highway network affords easy access from any part of the area to another part. The major 1ink in the system is provided by circumferential Loop 289. The Urban Renewal redevelopment project will undoubtedly have far- reaching effects in terms of land use, circulation patterns, and social and economic contributions. The traffic circulation will be a system of major traffic arteries. The major arterials will provide access and egress for the entire area. The project should also provide Lubbock with the stimulus needed to promote renewed expansion 3 Sales Management Magazine. m? 2 THE HIGHWAY SYSTFM SERVING LUBBOCK C OLORA DO Vy^ ALBUQUERQUE ^^^ WEXIC B«oumont« Port Artttur^ Corput ChritliC^ Brownsvillo within the heart of the city. The Memorial Civic Center will be a 4 focal point for the entire South Plains. Restaurant opportunities are extremely difficult to evaluate. Rest- aurants have succeeded and failed in virtually every type of location. However, all indications are that the restaurant industry, with almost 18 billion dollars in sales in 1972, will continue its nearly 9 per cent average growth per year. p. 198, Community Facilities Report See NRA report in Appendix. the RESTAURANT The day when man first decided that home cooking was not a necessary evil has gone unrecorded amongst the great battle dates. But we cele- brate the victory every day in manners and surroundings which were unknown 500 years ago. The restaurant is probably a development of the kitchen taverns of the early Middle Ages and reached a recogniz- able modern form only 400 years ago in the coffeehouses of London. It was not long after this that the French forms of organization and service were adopted and they have persisted until today hence the many French terms still to be found on our menus. The first restaurant in France, the Tour D'argent, opened in 1582 and still thrives today in Paris. The first public eating establishment on record in the United States is the Old Absinthe House in New Orleans which is probably 200 years old. The term "restaurant" came into vogue in the early nineteenth century, when Delmonico's opened in New York City. Soon afterward several other restaurants opened around the country, but prices in these establishments were so high as to be out of reach of all but the wealthy who found it fashionable to patron- ize these fancy places and satisfy their tastes in a manner characteristic of that opulent period and not emulated since. This period also marked a time when the leisure class considered "dining out" the thing to do, the high cost being merely a detail and not a deterrent. p. vii, Interiors Book of Restaurants. The number of restaurants grew steadily during the twentieth century with the most explosive growth witnessed after WWl. The chief factors responsible for this growth were the automobile, population increase, emergence of a new middle class, improvements in atmosphere, decor, and style of service, and in more recent years technological advances in food preparations and other areas. There has never been a more opportune time to start a food service venture, First, the potential market is very large, and all indications are that the popuIation--and the potential market--will continue to grow. Second, food service equipment, controls, and other physical aids that have been developed over the years make the business of run- ning a restaurant not only easier but more profitable. Third, increased travel, more leisure time, and the tendency to eat out more often have enlarged the market for food service of all kinds. And finally, menu prices are higher,which means there is a better chance to make money. p, 3, Planning and Operating the Food Service Operation, the PROGRAM GENERAL INFORMATION An increased awareness of the advantages of good design in all aspects of restaurant planning have expanded the role of the designer. These new responsibilities require a working understanding of the food service industry as a whole if the design entity is to express the unity which is so necessary for a restaurant's success. First, the economic structure of the enterprise must be understood, The amount of money invested is not important (provided it can be raised) as long as the operation it is invested in is of a sound o enough nature to repay it and make a profit.