THE SCIENCE & CULTURE OF THE FILIPINO RESILIENT HOUSE Mary Ann Espina Dean, College of Architecture University of the Philippines March 23, 2016 INTRODUCTION The Philippines RICH IN NATURAL RESOURCES The Philippines RICH IN NATURAL DISASTERS Rain-Induced High-Velocity Flooding Winds Earthquakes Landslides The Philippines RICH IN NATURAL DISASTERS Rain-Induced High-Velocity Flooding Winds Earthquakes Landslides RANKED 4th MOST DISASTER PRONE COUNTRY IN THE WORLD 8 OF THE WORLD’S TOP 10 MOST AT-RISK CITIES Traditional Filipino Wisdom THE ORIGINAL DISASTER-RESILIENT HOUSES Traditional Filipino Wisdom THE ORIGINAL DISASTER-RESILIENT HOUSES 1. ELEVATED HABITABLE SPACES Protect against floods 2. REGULAR GEOMETRIC CONFIGURATIONS help resist lateral forces from earthquakes and wind 3. VOLUMINOUS THATCHED ROOFS aid in wind deflection, efficient water run-off and passive cooling Traditional Filipino Wisdom THE ORIGINAL DISASTER-RESILIENT HOUSES 4. EASILY SOURCED MATERIALS such as bamboo, wood and nipa allow for ease of construction and maintenance 5. TRADITIONAL WOOD JOINERY keeps the structure strong 6. COMMUNITY CLUSTERING and surrounding natural features shield against disasters The Current Vernacular TRADITIONAL WISDOM LOST IN OUR COLLECTIVE MEMORY 1. HOUSES ROOTED TO THE GROUND increase susceptibility to floods 2. BOLDER MODERN FORMS increase susceptibility to lateral loads 3. FLAT / LOW SLOPED ROOFS not adapted to the Philippine climate Current Solutions ARE THEY SUITABLE FOR THE FILIPINO CONTEXT? FOREIGN DESIGN SOLUTIONS may be disaster-resilient HOWEVER • They do not take into account Filipino CULTURE and CLIMATE during the rest of the year • Prefabricated models lack COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Holistic Integration ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH CULTURE TRADITIONAL FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE MODERN CONTEXT TECHNOLOGY COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Holistic Integration ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH CULTURE CURRENT SOLUTIONS MODERN CONTEXT TECHNOLOGY COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Holistic Integration ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH 1. CULTURE - livability CULTURE 2. CONTEXT – geography and climate 3. MODERN TECHNOLOGY – new building materials, MODERN CONTEXT methodologies TECHNOLOGY 4. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT – personalization that COMMUNITY leads to the creation of a INVOLVEMENT home, not just a house Building for the Filipino THE CASE OF ROBELITO AND SARAH • How then, do we design architecture for the common Filipino ? • Not everybody has access to professionals like architects and engineers. • Such is the story of Robelito and Sarah, victims of Typhoon Haiyan who took effort to rebuild their house. Building for the Filipino WHAT ARE THE BUILDING CAPABILITIES OF THE EVERYMAN? Building for the Filipino WHAT ARE THE BUILDING CAPABILITIES OF THE EVERYMAN? MODERNIZING THE TRADITIONAL BAHAY KUBO Self-Build House DESIGN PROGRAM Permanent housing Simple construction Easily replicated Conforms to NBCP standards Household of five (5) Provision of basic necessities: Kitchen Dining area Toilet and bath Areas for privacy Space for expansion Minimum floor area of 26sqm Self-Build House ASSUMED HAZARDS Hydrometeorological • Flood • Typhoon Winds Seismological • Ground shaking Collateral • Ground Rupture • Tsunamis • Storm Surge • Landslides Self-Build House SELF-BUILD HOUSE CONCEPT “KAPIT” – to hold on “BAHAY” – house “KAPITBAHAY” - neighbor KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE DESIGN PROCESS Regular shape that is resilient against wind and seismic forces KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE DESIGN PROCESS Elevating on stilts prevents flood from entering the structure KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE DESIGN PROCESS Ideal roof slope with minimal overhangs for wind loads and run off KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE DESIGN PROCESS Slanted walls gives more interior space and enables minimal overhangs KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE DESIGN PROCESS Modular frame allows for easy and convenient horizontal expansion KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE FINAL MODEL KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 INSPIRATION Inspired by the University of San Carlos’ model for transitional / temporary shelters – the ISIGURO DAAN However, this is only transitional shelter that measures 11sqm in area. KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 TEMPORARY vs. PERMANENT ISIGURO DAAN (INSPIRATION) KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE Increase in floor area from 11sqm to 28.8 sqm Definition of specific rooms and areas Inclusion of toilet and kitchen Increased comfort, livability and disaster resiliency KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE STORAGE / WOODWORKING AREA KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE COMMERCIAL AREA KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE RECREATIONAL AREA KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0 SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE.