Annual Report 2009-10 Government of India Department of Atomic Energy Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 Chapter-1 : Nuclear Power Programme-Stage-1 29 Chapter-2 : Nuclear Power Programme-Stage-2 57 Chapter-3 : Nuclear Power Programme-Stage-3 73 Chapter-4 : Advanced Technologies and Radiation 81 Technologies and their Applications Chapter-5 : Basic Research 117 Chapter-6 : Research Education Linkages 157 Chapter-7 : Technology Transfer and Collaborative 165 Programmes Chapter-8 : Infrastructure 169 Chapter-9 : Public Sector Undertakings 173 Chapter-10 : Other Activities 179 Chapter-11 : Implementation of Persons with 197 Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights & Full Participation) Act, 1995 Chapter-12 : Citizens’ Charter 201 Annex-I : The Organisation i Annex-II : Replies to Audit Observations iv Annex-III : Representation of SCs, STs And OBCs vi “For the full industrialization of the underdeveloped countries, for the continuation of our civilization and its further development, atomic energy is not merely an aid, it is an absolute necessity. The acquisition by man of the knowledge of how to release and use atomic energy must be recognized as the third epoch of human history”. (Dr. Homi Bhabha, as President of the International Conference on Atomic Energy for Peaceful Uses at Geneva in 1955) Executive Summary The year 2009-10, the birth centenary year of the with entirely indigenously developed technology. founder of the Indian Atomic Energy Programme -- Since its synchronization, the unit operated at 88% Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, has witnessed landmark capacity factor and 96% availability factor (till end achievements, impressive growth in programmes, December, 2009). and major initiatives of the DAE organizations. All Enmasse Coolant Channel Replacement these cover a wide spectrum of the atomic energy (EMCCR) and Upgradation jobs on NAPS-2 were programme in India, as described in the following completed and the unit start up was linked to fuel text. supply. The EMCCR work on KAPS-1 progressed as per schedule. NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME : RAPS-4 recorded 394 days of continuous run on STAGE-I June 15, 2009 (May 17, 2008 to June 15, 2009). So far four reactors KGS-1&2, RAPS-4 (twice) and The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd. KAPS-1 have recorded uninterrupted operation for (NPCIL), a public sector undertaking of DAE, is more than a year. responsible for the design, construction, commissioning and operation of nuclear power Ongoing Construction Projects reactors. The Company now operates eighteen reactors (2 boiling water reactors and 16 pressurised Rajasthan Atomic Power Project-5&6 (RAPP- heavy water reactors) with a total capacity of 4340 5&6) was placed in IAEA safeguards during this MW. It is also engaged in the construction of four year as per the separation plan. RAPP-5 was nuclear power reactors at three project sites, totaling fuelled with imported fuel and it achieved first 2440 MW capacity. synchronization to the grid on December 22, 2009. RAPP-6 fuel loading was completed in December, Operational Highlights 2009. For Kaiga-4, the balance works were completed. NPCIL registered more than 310 reactor years of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Projects-1&2 safe operation till December 31, 2009. (KKNPP-1&2) achieved overall physical progress Generation of electricity from nuclear power of 90.8% (Unit-1: 94.2% Unit-2: 85.4%) as on plants was 17,016 million units (MUs) during the calendar year 2009. The generation for the financial year 2009-10 (upto December 31, 2009) was 13,543 MUs. During the calendar year 2009, seven out of fourteen nuclear power reactors in operation registered availability factors above 90%. The overall availability factor for the calendar year 2009 was 88%. For the financial year 2009-10 (upto December 31, 2009) the overall weighted average availability factor for the operating stations was 91%. RAPS-2, under IAEA safeguards, was fuelled with imported fuel and re-synchronised to the grid on September 1, 2009 after completion of enmasse feeders replacement (EMFR). This complex and Rajasthan Atomic Power Project -5&6 technologically advanced project was carried out Main Plant View Executive Summary (Haripur, West Bengal, Mithi Virdi, Gujarat and Kovvada, Andhra Pradesh) for setting up eighteen 1000 MW or larger size LWRs based on international cooperation. Sanction for capacity expansion at Kudankulam (to a Capacity of : 6x1000, LWRs) and Jaitapur (Capacity : 6x1650, LWRs) sites was also accorded by the Government. Partnership and Diversification NPCIL signed Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) with National Thermal Power Corporation, Indian Oil Corporation, National Aluminium Corporation, Korea Electric Power Corporation Kudankulam Nuclear Power Projects-1&2 (KEPCO) etc., to work together for setting up nuclear power plants in India. The Corporation also signed an MoU with December 31, 2009. Commissioning activities on Larsen & Toubro (L&T) to incorporate a Joint Unit-1 were in progress. Venture Company to set up an integrated facility in the country for the manufacture of special exotic New Launches steels and large size forgings. The work for preparation of Detailed Project Consequent on the accord of administrative and Report for Malshej Ghat (600 MW) hydroelectric financial sanction by the Government, the project project has started based on MoU between NPCIL works on Kakarapar Atomic Power Project-3&4 and Tehri Hydro-electric Corporation. (KAPP-3&4, 2x700 MW PHWRs) and Rajasthan Atomic Power Project-7&8 (RAPP-7&8, 2x700 FRONT END FUEL CYCLE MW PHWRs) were started. The first pour of concrete is planned in June, 2010 and December, The operations under the Front-End Fuel Cycle 2010 for KAPP-3&4 and RAPP-7&8 respectively. include mining, milling and processing of ore, and Pre-project activities such as statutory fabrication of fuel. In addition, heavy water clearances, land acquisition related activities, etc. production is also an ancillary programme to on Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project (KKNPP- PHWR programme. 3&4, 2x1000 MW LWRs) were initiated. In respect of Jaitapur Nuclear Power Projects (JNPP-1&2, Heavy Water Production 2x1650 MW LWRs) the land acquisition was in advanced stage. Heavy Water Board continued to supply heavy water to all the pressurised heavy water reactors In-principle Approval of Sites (PHWRs). The Board is now not only self-sufficient in meeting the domestic demands of heavy water but The Government accorded “In principle” has also established its visibility in the International approval for five Green Field Sites that include two market by exporting nuclear grade heavy water to inland sites (Kumharia, Haryana and Bargi, South Korea, China and United States against stiff Madhya Pradesh) for setting up six 700 MW international competition. HWB has also developed indigenous PHWRs, and three coastal sites similar capabilities in areas such as speciality 2 Executive Summary chemicals and other stable isotopes. The capacity utilization of heavy water plants, during the year 2009-10, is expected to touch 108% inspite of the major turn around (MTA) of the plants at Manuguru, Kota and Hazira. During the year 2009-10, HWB bagged the sixteenth export order of 11 MT to M/s KHNP, South Korea. Mineral Exploration During the report period, the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD) accelerated the pace of exploration activities with an approach focused to meet the XI Plan targets. The Modified borehole camera survey unit salient achievements of the exploration programme with CMOS image sensor of AMD were as follows: Over 14,875 tonnes (U3O8) of additional uranium Reconnaissance (5149 sq km) and detailed resources were established in Andhra Pradesh at (112.83 sq km) surveys helped in locating Tummalapalle and adjoining blocks, Kadapa promising uranium anomalies (new/extension) in district, Peddagattu and Chitrial, Nalgonda district, the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic basins associated Koppunuru, Guntur district, at Rohil, Sikar district, with North Delhi Fold Belt, Rajasthan; Tertiary Rajasthan and Lostoin, West Khasi Hills district, basin, Uttarakhand; Mahakoshal meta sediments, Meghalaya. The country's uranium resources have Madhya Pradesh; IOG Basin,Orissa, and Lachhri, been updated to 1,40,296 tonnes of U3O8. Rajasthan. Over 1,56,790 m drilling (reconnoitory, exploratory and evaluation) was carried out to establish additional uranium resources in the known occurrences and subsurface continuity of mineralisation in the new promising areas. Significant mineralised intercepts/bands were identified in boreholes drilled at Tummalapalle and adjoining blocks, Kadapa district, Peddagattu, Chitrial, Nalgonda district and Koppunuru, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh; Deshnur, Belgaum district and Gogi, Gulburga district, Karnataka , and Rohil, Sikar district, Rajasthan. Geochemical surveys (1685 sq.km) were carried out in different parts of the country for delineating the target areas for detailed investigations. The Mussorie Syncline where Khrol limestone has important anomalous areas identified were in Sikar thrusted over Tal Group. district, Rajasthan. Black shale + Phosphorite along the thrusted Regional magnetic, resistivity surveys, detailed contact records uraniferous radioactivity gravity, magnetic, I.P/resistivity and electro- near Sarkhet, Dehradun district, Uttarakhand magnetic (EM) surveys carried out during the field 3 Executive Summary season helped in deciphering prominent EM Pre-project activities have started for Uranium conductors along the zone of