Dedicated to what works in global health programs GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2018 Volume 6 Number 2 www.ghspjournal.org 1.2 million 2,400 article downloads article citations 1,883 318 manuscripts received published articles EDITORS Editor-in-Chief Stephen Hodgins, MD, MSc, DrPH, Associate Professor, Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Alberta Editor-in-Chief Emeritus James D. Shelton, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs Associate Editors Matthew Barnhart, MD, MPH, Senior Science Advisor, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Bureau for Global Health Cara J. Chrisman, PhD, Biomedical Research Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Margaret d'Adamo, MLS, MS, Knowledge Management/Information Technology Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Elaine Menotti, MPH, Health Development Officer, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Malaria: Michael Macdonald, ScD, Consultant, World Health Organization, Vector Control Unit, Global Malaria Programme Maternal Health: France Donnay, MD, MPH, FRCOG, FACOG, Women's Health Consultant Maternal Health: Marge Koblinsky, PhD, Independent Consultant Nutrition: Bruce Cogill, PhD, MS, Consultant Managing Editors Natalie Culbertson, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs Ruwaida Salem, MPH, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs EDITORIAL BOARD Al Bartlett, Save the Children, USA Vinand Nantulya, Uganda AIDS Commission, Uganda Zulfiqar Bhutta, Aga Khan University, Pakistan Emmanuel (Dipo) Otolorin, Jhpiego, Nigeria Kathryn Church, London School of Hygiene and Tropical James Phillips, Columbia University, USA Medicine, United Kingdom Yogesh Rajkotia, Institute for Collaborative Development, Scott Dowell, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA USA Suneeta Singh, Amaltas, India Marelize Görgens, World Bank, USA David Sleet, CDC, USA Lennie Kamwendo, White Ribbon Alliance for Safe John Stanback, FHI 360, USA Motherhood, Malawi Lesley Stone, USAID, USA Jemilah Mahmood, Malaysian Medical Relief Society, Douglas Storey, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Malaysia Programs, USA Global Health: Science and Practice (ISSN: 2169-575X) is a no-fee, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published online at www.ghspjournal. org. It is published quarterly by the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202. The jour- nal is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The Knowledge for Health (K4Health) Project is supported by USAID's Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, under Cooperative Agreement #AID-OAA-A-13-00068 with the Johns Hopkins University. GHSP is editorially independent and does not necessarily represent the views or positions of USAID, the United States Government, or the Johns Hopkins University. Global Health: Science and Practice is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. For further information, please contact the editors at [email protected]. Front cover: GHSP celebrates its 5-year publication anniversary in 2018. © GHSP 2018. Table of Contents June 2018 | Volume 6 | Number 2 EDITORIALS Global Health: Science and Practice . 5 Years In Five years after launching Global Health: Science and Practice, we are seeing signs that we are helping to fill an important gap in program-related evidence. Looking forward, we seek to offer better coverage for topics that are relatively neglected in the global health literature and to publish more papers by authors based in low- and middle-income countries. We invite authors to submit manuscripts on global health programs grounded in evidence from research, evaluation, monitoring data, or experiential knowledge, and encourage readers to access and share our free articles to find scalable approaches and important lessons to inform programs and policy. Ruwaida M Salem, Steve Hodgins Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):228–231 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00196 At Last! Universal Health Coverage That Prioritizes Health Impact: The Latest Edition of Disease Control Priorities (DCP3) Sadly, we face a vast sea of health problems in global health. Universal health coverage programming should prioritize interventions with the most health impact, but instead largely succumbs to emphasizing less impactful clinical curative services. In contrast, DCP3 provides an evidence-based template that prioritizes impact. Yet even the most basic and realistic DCP3 package comes at a formidable price. James D Shelton Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):232–236 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00193 Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets for Malaria Control in Myanmar and Nigeria: Lessons From the Past, Tools for the Future While having saved many lives over the past decade, continued dependence on mass distribution of free long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is not sufficient and may not be sustainable. Programs must be enabled with flexible policy and technical options to place LLINs within a larger context of multisectoral partnerships and integrated vector management, avoiding what happened in the DDT era, where there was overreliance implementing a uniform solution to a complex problem. Michael B Macdonald Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):237–241 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00158 Global Health: Science and Practice 2018 | Volume 6 | Number 2 Table of Contents www.ghspjournal.org Is It Time to Move Beyond Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid for Cervical Cancer Screening? Newly emerging low-cost molecular assays and improved visual tests for cervical cancer screening call into question the role of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). VIA-based screening continues to offer a low-cost, single-visit approach for screening. However, VIA is highly rater-dependent and has problematic accuracy. RNA, DNA, and protein tests are now available. They offer greater accuracy and the option for self-sampling, but the testing kits are expensive. As these new options continue to improve, the time to move beyond VIA is fast approaching. Shannon L Silkensen, Mark Schiffman, Vikrant Sahasrabuddhe, John S Flanigan Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):242–246 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00206 Evidence-Based Programs, Yes—But What About More Program-Based Evidence? Policy makers and program managers are better enabled to draw relevant lessons from implementation research and program experience elsewhere when there is richer documentation on what was done and what key contextual factors may have influenced outcomes. Newly developed Program Reporting Standards from WHO provide helpful guidance on what is needed for optimally useful documentation. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):247–248 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00192 VIEWPOINTS Eliminating Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV by 2030: 5 Strategies to Ensure Continued Progress To keep up momentum in preventing mother-to-child transmission we propose: (1) advocating for greater political and fi- nancial commitment; (2) targeting high-risk populations such as adolescent girls and young women; (3) implementing novel service delivery models such as community treatment groups; (4) performing regular viral load monitoring during pregnancy and postpartum to ensure suppression before delivery and during breastfeeding; and (5) harnessing technology in monitoring and evaluation and HIV diagnostics. Alexandra C Vrazo, David Sullivan, Benjamin Ryan Phelps Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):249–256 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00097 COMMENTARIES Doing What We Do, Better: Improving Our Work Through Systematic Program Reporting WHO has recently published program reporting standards to guide the type of information that reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and related health programs should document to promote cross-program learning. We strongly encourage our partners and key stakeholders to make use of the new standards as part of their routine program reporting. Irene Koek, Marianne Monclair, Erin Anastasi, Petra ten Hoope-Bender, Elizabeth Higgs, Rafael Obregon Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):257–259 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00136 Global Health: Science and Practice 2018 | Volume 6 | Number 2 Table of Contents www.ghspjournal.org ORIGINAL ARTICLES Universal Health Coverage in Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessment of Global Health Experts' Confidence in Policy Options Even within the fairly homogenous context of francophone Africa, among 18 options presented to experts on how to proceed toward universal health coverage (UHC), consensus was reached on only 1 with respect to effectiveness and another with respect to feasibility. The complexity and challenges of UHC as well as the weak evidence base likely contribute to this uncertainty. Elisabeth Paul, Fabienne Fecher, Remo Meloni, Wim van Lerberghed Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):260–271 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00001 Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a School Insecticide-Treated Net Distribution Program in Cross River State, Nigeria Three years following a mass bed net distribution campaign, the addition of school-based distribution to antenatal care (ANC) distribution in Cross River State, Nigeria, increased